scholarly journals A Blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle Improves Glucose Tolerance in Exercise-Trained Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. NMI.S7837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Canale ◽  
Tyler M. Farney ◽  
Cameron G. McCarthy ◽  
Richard J. Bloomer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Condition Effect

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a nutritional supplement containing a proprietary blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle on serum glucose and insulin in response to a modified oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, 10 exercise-trained, non-diabetic men reported to the lab in a 10 hour fasted state, on two different mornings separated by 1-2 weeks, and were subjected to an OGTT by ingesting a 75 gram dextrose solution. Fifteen minutes prior to the OGTT subjects ingested either a dietary supplement containing a blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle (SUPP) or a placebo (PLA). Blood samples were collected before ingestion of the SUPP or PLA and at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes postingestion of the dextrose load. Samples were analyzed for serum glucose and insulin. Results In relation to serum glucose, a condition effect was noted ( P = 0.01), with values lower for SUPP compared to PLA. In relation to serum insulin, a trend for a condition effect was noted ( P = 0.06), with values lower for SUPP compared to PLA. Conclusion These findings indicate that acute ingestion of a dietary supplement containing a blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle can lower the serum glucose response to a modified OGTT, while resulting in a non-significant attenuation in insulin response. These data are specific to a small sample of exercise-trained, non-diabetic men.

scholarly journals An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Solverson ◽  
Theresa R. Henderson ◽  
Hawi Debelo ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi ◽  
David J. Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Evidence supports the beneficial effects of berries on glucoregulation, possibly related to flavonoid content, fiber content, or both. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mixed berries to improve insulin sensitivity and to identify the potential role of flavonoids and fiber. In a randomized cross-over trial with four treatment periods, overweight/obese men and women were fed a controlled 45% fat diet for one week prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test. The same base diet was provided during each feeding period with the addition of one of four treatments: whole mixed berries, sugar matched mixed berry juice, sugar matched gelatin, and sugar/fiber matched gelatin. Subjects then completed a meal-based oral glucose tolerance test. Serum glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were not different between individual treatments. However, in a secondary analysis, the combined berry preparations resulted in a lower serum insulin area under the curve (difference of 0.15 ± 0.066 ln pmol min/mL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0228), compared to the combined gelatin treatments, while the difference for serum glucose did not quite meet statistical significance (difference of 0.17 ± 0.093 ln mg·min/dL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0738). These results suggest the potential for mixed berry preparations to improve post-prandial insulin response.

scholarly journals Effect of breakfast fat content on glucose tolerance and risk factors of atherosclerosis and thrombosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Frape ◽  
Norman R. Williams ◽  
Jayshri Rajput-Williams ◽  
B. W. Maitland ◽  
A. J. Scriven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Allocation ◽  
Insulin Responses

Twenty-four middle-aged healthy men were given a low-fat high-carbohydrate (5.5 g fat; L), or a moderately-fatty, (25.7 g fat; M) breakfast of similar energy contents for 28 d. Other meals were under less control. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given at 09.00 hours on day 1 before treatment allocation and at 13.30 hours on day 29. There were no significant treatment differences in fasting serum values, either on day 1 or at the termination of treatments on day 29. The following was observed on day 29: (1) the M breakfast led to higher OGTT C-peptide responses and higher areas under the curves (AUC) of OGTT serum glucose and insulin responses compared with the OGTT responses to the L breakfast (P< 0.05); (2) treatment M failed to prevent OGTT glycosuria, eliminated with treatment L; (3) serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) AUC was 59% lower with treatment L than with treatment M, between 09.00 and 13.20 hours (P<0.0001), and lower with treatment L than with treatment M during the OGTT (P= 0.005); (4) serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were similar for both treatments, especially during the morning, but their origins were different during the afternoon OGTT when the Svedberg flotation unit 20–400 lipid fraction was higher with treatment L than with treatment M (P= 0.016); plasma apolipoprotein B-48 level with treatment M was not significantly greater than that with treatment L (P= 0.086); (5) plasma tissue plasminogen-activator activity increased after breakfast with treatment L (P= 0.0008), but not with treatment M (P= 0.80). Waist:hip circumference was positively correlated with serum insulin and glucose AUC and with fasting LDL-cholesterol. Waist:hip circumference and serum TAG and insulin AUC were correlated with factors of thrombus formation; and the OGTT NEFA and glucose AUC were correlated. A small difference in fat intake at breakfast has a large influence on circulating diurnal NEFA concentration, which it is concluded influences adversely glucose tolerance up to 6 h later.

scholarly journals Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1–Mediated Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 3481-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Galderisi ◽  
Cosimo Giannini ◽  
Michelle Van Name ◽  
Sonia Caprio
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Abstract Context The consumption of high-fructose beverages is associated with a higher risk for obesity and diabetes. Fructose can stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in lean adults, in the absence of any anorexic effect. Objective We hypothesized that the ingestion of glucose and fructose may differentially stimulate GLP-1 and insulin response in lean adolescents and adolescents with obesity. Design We studied 14 lean adolescents [four females; 15.9 ± 1.6 years of age; body mass index (BMI), 21.8 ± 2.2 kg/m2] and 23 adolescents with obesity (five females; 15.1 ± 1.6 years of age; BMI, 34.5 ± 4.6 kg/m2). Participants underwent a baseline oral glucose tolerance test to determine their glucose tolerance and estimate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function [oral disposition index (oDIcpep)]. Eligible subjects received, in a double-blind, crossover design, 75 g of glucose or fructose. Plasma was obtained every 10 minutes for 60 minutes for the measures of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 (radioimmunoassay) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; ELISA). Incremental glucose and hormone levels were compared between lean individuals and those with obesity by a linear mixed model. The relationship between GLP-1 increment and oDIcpep was evaluated by regression analysis. Results Following the fructose challenge, plasma glucose excursions were similar in both groups, yet the adolescents with obesity exhibited a greater insulin (P &lt; 0.001) and GLP-1 (P &lt; 0.001) increase than did their lean peers. Changes in GIP were similar in both groups. After glucose ingestion, the GLP-1 response (P &lt; 0.001) was higher in the lean group. The GLP-1 increment during 60 minutes from fructose drink was correlated with a lower oDIcpep (r2 = 0.22, P = 0.009). Conclusion Fructose, but not glucose, ingestion elicits a higher GLP-1 and insulin response in adolescents with obesity than in lean adolescents. Fructose consumption may contribute to the hyperinsulinemic phenotype of adolescent obesity through a GLP-1–mediated mechanism.

Exercise intensity and glucose tolerance in trained and nontrained subjects

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Young ◽  
J. Enslin ◽  
B. Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Male Subjects

The improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity associated with regular exercise appear to be the result, in large part, of the residual effects of the last bout of exercise. To determine the effects of exercise intensity on this response, glucose tolerance and the insulin response to a glucose load were determined in seven well-trained male subjects [maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) = 58 ml.kg-1.min-1] and in seven nontrained male subjects (VO2max = 49 ml.kg-1.min-1) in the morning after an overnight fast 1) 40 h after the last training session (control), 2) 14 h after 40 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 40% VO2max, and 3) 14 h after 40 min of exercise at 80% VO2max. Subjects replicated their diets for 3 days before each test and ate a standard meal the evening before the oral glucose tolerance test. No differences in the 3-h insulin or glucose response were observed between the control trial and before exercise at either 40 or 80% VO2max in the trained subjects. In the nontrained subjects the plasma insulin response was decreased by 40% after a single bout of exercise at either 40 or 80% VO2max (7.0 X 10(3) vs. 5.0 X 10(3), P less than 0.05; 3.8 X 10(3) microU.ml-1.180 min-1, P less than 0.01). The insulin response after a single bout of exercise in the nontrained subjects was comparable with the insulin responses found in the trained subjects for the control and exercise trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Insulin response and changes in composition of non-esterified fatty acids in blood plasma of middle-aged men following isoenergetic fatty and carbohydrate breakfasts

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
N. R. Williams ◽  
K. L. H. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Freeman ◽  
C. R. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

It was previously shown that a high plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) persisted after a fatty breakfast, but not after an isoenergetic carbohydrate breakfast, adversely affecting glucose tolerance. The higher concentration after the fatty breakfast may in part have been a result of different mobilization rates of fatty acids. This factor can be investigated as NEFA mobilized from tissues are monounsaturated to a greater extent than those deposited from a typical meal. Twenty-four middle-aged healthy Caucasian men were given oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and for 28 d isoenergetic breakfasts of similar fat composition but of low (L) or moderate (M) fat content. The composition of NEFA in fasting and postprandial plasma was determined on days 1 and 29. No significant treatment differences in fasting NEFA composition occurred on day 29. During the OGTT and 0–1 h following breakfast there was an increase in plasma long-chain saturated NEFA but a decrease in monounsaturated NEFA (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·001). Between 1 and 3 h following breakfast treatment differences occurred for total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·05), expressed as an increase in 18 : 1 and decreases in 16 : 0 and 17 : 0 in treatment M relative to treatment L (P<0·05). Serum insulin attained 35 and 65 mU/l in treatments M and L respectively during this period. Negative correlations were found between 16 : 0 in fasting plasma and both waist:hip circumference (P=0·0009) and insulin response curve area during OGTT (within treatment M, P=0·0001). It is concluded that a normal postprandial insulin response is associated with a rapid change in plasma saturated:monounsaturated NEFA. It is proposed that this change is the result of a variable suppression of fat mobilization, which may partly account for a large difference in postprandial total plasma NEFA between fatty and carbohydrate meals.

Normal gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to oral glucose in hypothyroidism

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Hays ◽  
E Silverman ◽  
B B Potter ◽  
K M M Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin

Abstract Although the action of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on the β cells of the pancreas is well documented, the effect of this hormone on insulin secretion in patients who are hypothyroid has not been studied. Hypothyroid patients demonstrate increased serum immunoreactive insulin levels in response to oral glucose when compared with euthyroid subjects. We postulated that a delayed and exaggerated response of GIP could account for the hyperinsulinaemic response. Nine thyroidectomized patients (aged 44·9 ± 3·6 years) who were otherwise healthy but undergoing re-evaluation for recurrence of thyroid carcinoma, were given a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These subjects were studied 6 weeks after thyroid hormone replacement had been stopped and while on hormone treatment. The serum glucose and plasma GIP responses to oral glucose were similar in the euthyroid and hypothyroid states. The serum insulin response as well as the areas under the curve for insulin following OGTT were significantly elevated (P<0·01) during hypothyroidism. Solid-phase gastric emptying times studied in six patients who were euthyroid and hypothyroid were not different (35 ± 12 versus 36 ± 14 min respectively). None of the subjects had detectable levels of serum thyroglobulin, microsomal or parietal cell antibodies. In summary, we have confirmed a hyperinsulinaemic response to an OGTT and normal solid-phase gastric emptying rates in this form of hypothyroidism. We did not find significant differences in serum glucose or GIP responses and postulate this as evidence of resistance to the effects of endogenous insulin. The mechanism of alterations in carbohydrate tolerance in the hypothyroid state continue to remain unknown. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 140, 309–312

scholarly journals The Time Course of Human Milk Insulin and Glucose Response to an Oral Glucose Challenge - A Case Study (P11-045-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Young ◽  
Sarah Westmoreland ◽  
Carl D'Angio ◽  
Nancy Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives It is often cited that insulin in human milk (HM) increases postprandially along with maternal serum insulin. However, this response has never been documented in humans, and the characteristics of this increase remain unstudied. Methods Two healthy lactating women emptied their breasts after a fast (> 8 hours) using an electric breast pump. After consuming a 50g glucose water, each woman emptied a single breast at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Skim milk was generated via centrifugation and HM glucose and insulin were measured via hexokinase assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay (Beckman Coulter). At each of these time points maternal blood was collected via finger prick and capillary glucose measured via handheld glucometer. Additional blood was spotted onto a dried blood spot (DBS) card, and maternal insulin was measured from the DBS cards via Ultrasensitive ELISA (Mercodia). Results Both insulin and glucose concentrations rose in HM after the glucose load (Figure A, B). The amplitudes of both HM insulin and glucose were lower than that of maternal circulation. Neither HM insulin nor glucose were correlated with concentrations in maternal blood. However insulin concentrations were tightly correlated with glucose concentrations in both HM (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.84) and maternal blood (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.72). At 2 hours post-glucose challenge, both maternal blood insulin and glucose had returned to near fasting levels (insulin: 15.1 ± 7.8 µU/mL; glucose: 107 ± 4 mg/dL). However, HM insulin and glucose concentrations remained elevated (Figure A, B). At 2 hours, HM insulin remained 13 times higher than fasting concentrations and HM glucose remained 3.9 times higher than fasting concentrations. Conclusions To our knowledge, these are the first data in humans to characterize the time course of HM insulin response to an oral glucose challenge. These data will inform the design of HM composition studies when free-living HM samples are collected. The impact of variation in these components over the day on the recipient infant deserves further research. Funding Sources Internally Funded. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Effect of Weight Changes on Serum Insulin Response in Subjects with Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINORI KOSAKA ◽  
RYOKO HAGURA ◽  
REIKO ODAGIRI ◽  
FUMIKO SAITO ◽  
TAKESHI KUZUYA
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Weight Changes
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