Stress responses of wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) to removal of velvet antler

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Cook ◽  
A. L. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Assessment Of Stress

An assessment of stress responses of 27 mature wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) stags was conducted to test the efficacy of two methods of analgesia to reduce stress responses associated with the pain of cutting velvet antler. Analgesic methods were a Lidocaine nerve block (LIDO) and pedicle placement electrical analgesia (EA). A control group of animals (CON) was included that did not receive analgesia. Methods of assessing stress responses included heart and respiration rates, differential white blood cell counts and plasma cortisol. Assessment of stress responses also utilized infrared thermographic imaging and measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations. The latter measures were novel approaches to stress assessment in wapiti, and, as such, the study was a trial of their applicability. Measures were conducted over 2 d. Antler was harvested on day 1 and the animals were brought back to the handling facility 24 h later (day 2) for repeated measures. Heart and respiration rates were increased in response to cutting antler (P < 0.05) and declined following antler removal (P < 0.003). Reductions in eosinophils occurred over a 24-h period in all treatments and were statistically significant for the EA treatment (P < 0.014). Plasma cortisol concentrations did not demonstrate statistical differences between either treatments or days. Plasma cortisol concentrations were numerically higher for the EA animals on days 1 and 2 than for either the CON or LIDO treatments. Plasma cortisol levels tended to be higher after capture and restraint on day 2 compared to levels recorded after antler removal on day 1. Salivary cortisol levels were higher on day 2 compared to day 1 (P < 0.004). Between treatments, CON animals exhibited higher salivary cortisol levels on day 2 than EA (P < 0.05) and LIDO (P < 0.002) animals. Radiated heat loss, measured by infrared thermography, was significantly elevated in response to velveting (P < 0.00001). Increased radiated heat loss was observed for all treatments and was statistically significant for EA (P < 0.006) and CON (P < 0.02), but not for LIDO (P < 0.06). The study demonstrated that the process of harvesting velvet antler from wapiti initiates a significant stress response similar to that of other animals during practices such as capture, handling and restraint. The data further suggest that stress responses to the above husbandry practices are exacerbated by the pain of cutting antler and that animals treated with Lidocaine for pain management exhibited a lesser stress response than CON or EA treated animals. Key words: Wapiti, velvet antler, analgesia, stress, salivary cortisol, infrared thermography

Stress response of cougars to nonlethal pursuit by hunters

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Harlow ◽  
Frederick G. Lindzey ◽  
Walter D. Van Sickle ◽  
William A. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Felis Concolor ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Five cougars (Felis concolor) were captured and an adrenal response test was administered by injecting synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone and monitoring plasma cortisol levels at 15-min intervals for 120 min. Three were selected for treatment and chased 5 or 6 more times to simulate the stress they might experience during a pursuit-only season; the other two served as controls and were chased only once more, at recapture. The adrenal response test was administered again at recapture. The cougars in the treatment group had a lowered plasma cortisol profile after the simulated pursuit season, indicating an altered physiological response of the adrenals to the stress of repeated chases.

scholarly journals Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Antônio Kioshi Aoki Inoue ◽  
Luís Orlando B. Afonso ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
Gilberto Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Fish transport is one of the most stressful procedures in aquaculture facilities. The present work evaluated the stress response of matrinxã to transportation procedures, and the use of clove oil as an alternative to reduce the stress response to transport in matrinxã (Brycon cephalus). Clove oil solutions were tested in concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L during matrinxã transportation in plastic bags, supplied with water and oxygen as the usual field procedures in Brazil. Clove oil reduced some of the physiological stress responses (plasma cortisol, glucose and ions) that we measured. The high energetic cost to matrinxã cope with the transport stress was clear by the decrease of liver glycogen after transport. Our results suggest that clove oil (5 mg/l) can mitigate the stress response in matrinxã subjected to transport.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers and Training Load During Training and Competition in Paralympic Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Sinnott-O’Connor ◽  
Thomas M. Comyns ◽  
Alan M. Nevill ◽  
Giles D. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Paralympic Games

Context: Stress responses in athletes can be attributed to training and competition, where increased physiological and psychological stress may negatively affect performance and recovery. Purpose: To examine the relationship between training load (TL) and salivary biomarkers immunoglobulin A (IgA), alpha-amylase (AA), and cortisol across a 16-wk preparation phase and 10-d competition phase in Paralympic swimmers. Methods: Four Paralympic swimmers provided biweekly saliva samples during 3 training phases—(1) normal training, (2) intensified training, and (3) taper—as well as daily saliva samples in the 10-d Paralympic competition (2016 Paralympic Games). TL was measured using session rating of perceived exertion. Results: Multilevel analysis identified a significant increase in salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA: 94.98 [27.69] μg·mL−1), salivary alpha-amylase (sAA: 45.78 [19.07] μg·mL−1), and salivary cortisol (7.92 [2.17] nM) during intensified training concurrent with a 38.3% increase in TL. During the taper phase, a 49.5% decrease in TL from the intensified training phase resulted in a decrease in sIgA, sAA, and salivary cortisol; however, all 3 remained higher than baseline levels. A further significant increase was observed during competition in sIgA (168.69 [24.19] μg·mL−1), sAA (35.86 [16.67] μg·mL−1), and salivary cortisol (10.49 [1.89] nM) despite a continued decrease (77.8%) in TL from the taper phase. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that performance in major competition such as Paralympic games, despite a noticeable reduction in TL, induces a stress response in athletes. Because of the elevated stress response observed, modifications to individual postrace recovery protocols may be required to enable athletes to maximize performance across all 10 d of competition.

scholarly journals Dietary l-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Höglund ◽  
Øyvind Øverli ◽  
Madelene Å. Andersson ◽  
Patricia Silva ◽  
Danielle Caroline Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vertebrate Lineage ◽  
Stress Responsiveness ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Brain

AbstractComparative models suggest that effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurochemistry and stress responsiveness are present throughout the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, hypothalamic 5-HT seems to play a central role in control of the neuroendocrine stress axis in all vertebrates. Still, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness, which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT. Here, we investigated if dietary Trp treatment may result in long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness, including changes in plasma cortisol levels and 5-HT neurochemistry in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets containing one, two or three times the Trp content in normal feed for 1 week. Subsequently, fish were reintroduced to control feed and were exposed to acute crowding stress for 1 h, 8 and 21 d post Trp treatment. Generally, acute crowding resulted in lower plasma cortisol levels in fish treated with 3×Trp compared with 1×Trp- and 2×Trp-treated fish. The same general pattern was reflected in telencephalic 5-HTergic turnover, for which 3×Trp-treated fish showed decreased values compared with 2×Trp-treated fish. These long-term effects on post-stress plasma cortisol levels and concomitant 5-HT turnover in the telencephalon lends further support to the fact that the extrahypothalamic control of the neuroendocrine stress response is conserved within the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, they indicate that trophic/structural effects in the brain underlie the effects of dietary Trp treatment on stress reactivity.

scholarly journals Tail Docking of Piglets 1: Stress Response of Piglets to Tail Docking

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Morrison ◽  
Paul Hemsworth
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tail Docking

This experiment compared the stress responses of piglets to tail docking. Two hundred and eighty-eight piglets were allocated to the following treatments at 2 d post-farrowing: (1) sham handling treatment; (2) surgical castration; (3) tail docking using clippers; (4) tail docking using a cauterising iron. Blood samples were collected at 15 min, 30 min and 24 h post-treatment and analysed for total plasma cortisol. Behaviours indicative of pain, such as escape attempts, vocalisations and standing with head lowered were measured. Cortisol concentrations at 15 min post-treatment were higher (p < 0.001) in the tail docking and castration treatment groups than the sham handling treatment group, but at 30 min post-treatment, only the clipper and castration treatment groups had higher (p < 0.001) cortisol concentrations than the sham handling treatment. Duration of vocalisations and escape attempts were greater (p < 0.0001) during the castration treatment than the sham and tail docking treatments, but these behaviours occurred less (p < 0.05) in tail-docked piglets than those that were castrated. Piglets undergoing the tail-docked treatments and the castration treatment exhibited more behaviours indicative of pain, such as standing longer (p < 0.05) with the head lowered in the 60 min after treatment, than those in the sham handling treatment group. There were no treatment effects on cortisol concentrations and behaviour at 23–24 h post-treatment. The physiological results at 30 min post-treatment indicate that tail docking with cauterisation may be less aversive than tail docking with clippers.

Impaired cortisol secretion in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes contaminated by heavy metals: in vivo and in vitro assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C Brodeur ◽  
Graham Sherwood ◽  
Joseph B Rasmussen ◽  
Alice Hontela
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The characteristic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in response to an acute stress of capture was impaired in both male and female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes contaminated by heavy metals. The impairment of the cortisol stress response was observed in fish 4 + years and older whereas the capacity to elevate plasma cortisol levels of fish younger than 4 + was not significantly different at contaminated and reference sites. The responsiveness to ACTH of the interrenal tissue of 4 + yellow perch was evalutated in vitro to determine whether the impairment of the cortisol stress response is caused by a dysfunction of the interrenal tissue or if the dysfunction is located elsewhere in the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis controlling the secretion of cortisol. The amount of cortisol secreted by the interrenal tissue of yellow perch from a contaminated site in response to a 10-min stimulation with 10-7 M ACTH was significantly lower compared with fish from the reference site. These results indicate that the impairment of the cortisol stress response observed in fish from polluted sites is caused, at least in part, by a dysfunction of the interrenal tissue.

Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol and (β-endorphin concentrations in ewes subjected to laparoscopy and its associated handling procedures

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haresign ◽  
R. J. Williams ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
R. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Intra Uterine Insemination

AbstractTwo experiments were performed to monitor the stress responses of sheep to intra-uterine insemination by laparoscopy and its associated handling procedures. The results of experiment 1 indicated that both restraint alone and full laparoscopic intra-uterine insemination in animals which had been sedated with 0·2 mg/kg diazepam promoted similar, significant (P < 0·001) short-lived increase in heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations, but there was no effect of treatment on plasma β-endorphin concentrations. Experiment 2 compared restraint and full laparoscopy, with and without sedation in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The heart rate and cortisol responses following restraint and full laparoscopy were not significantly different, although laparoscopy tended (P = 0·06) to increase the duration of the heart rate response. Sedation with diazepam significantly (P<0·05) increased the duration of the heart rate response but attenuated (P < 0·05) the amplitude of the cortisol response. These results indicate that laparoscopic intra-uterine insemination does cause sheep to mount a typical stress response, but that most of this is attributable to the restraint required to effect insemination. However, the magnitude of the stress responses recorded were much lower than those reported to follow many other husbandry procedures.

Stress hormone levels of children of depressed mothers

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON B. ASHMAN ◽  
GERALDINE DAWSON ◽  
HERACLES PANAGIOTIDES ◽  
EMILY YAMADA ◽  
CHARLES W. WILKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Baseline Cortisol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressed Mothers ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Laboratory Stressor

Research suggests that disruptions in early caretaking can have long-term effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which mediates the stress response. Children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for developing internalizing problems in part because of disruptions in their caretaking environment. The present study investigated whether children of depressed mothers exhibit elevated salivary cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol samples were collected from 45 7- to 8-year-old children of mothers with a history of depression and 29 children of nondepressed mothers. Samples were collected soon after arrival to the laboratory and after a mild laboratory stressor and at home after wakeup and before bedtime. Children who had elevated levels of internalizing symptoms and whose mothers had a history of depression showed elevated laboratory baseline cortisol levels. Children who were reported to have clinically significant internalizing symptoms were also more likely to show an elevated stress response to a mild laboratory stressor. When the longitudinal history of maternal depression was examined, maternal depression during the child's first 2 years of life was the best predictor of elevations in baseline cortisol at age 7 years. This study provides evidence that internalizing symptoms exist in conjunction with a more reactive hormonal stress system in children of depressed mothers. The results also provide preliminary evidence that exposure to maternal depression in the first 2 years of life may be related to children's cortisol levels later in life.

Effect of sleep apnea syndrome on the circadian profile of cortisol in obese men

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. E466-E474 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dadoun ◽  
P. Darmon ◽  
V. Achard ◽  
S. Boullu-Ciocca ◽  
F. Philip-Joet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cortisol Levels

It has been hypothesized that sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) increases hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and, through increased cortisol levels, participates in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. We compared the circadian profiles of cortisol in obese men with [obSAS+; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 20/h] and without SAS (obSAS−; AHI ≤ 5/h). 1) Salivary cortisol (5 samples: before/30 min after dinner, 2100, upon/30 min after awakening) was measured in 15 obSAS+, 19 obSAS−, and 19 normal-weight controls (NWC). 2) Plasma cortisol (every 30 min for 24 h under highly controlled conditions and portable EEG device) was measured in 9 obSAS+, 8 obSAS−, and 10 NWC men. Visceral adipose tissue surface was measured by CT scan. In both studies, obSAS+ and obSAS− men were comparable for age, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. First, no difference was found, using ANOVA for repeated measures, between obSAS+ and obSAS− subjects for any salivary cortisol measurement. No correlation was found between salivary cortisol and AHI or nocturnal SaO2. Similarly, obSAS+ and obSAS− men showed no difference in plasma cortisol rhythmicity: 24-h minimum, maximum, and mean, ANOVA for repeated measures, mathematical modeling of cortisol rhythm (COSINOR), and morning secretory peak. Conversely, ANOVA for repeated measures showed decreased cortisol levels in obese vs. NWC men during both the trough (2200–0130) and the peak (0600–0900) independently of SAS status. We show that SAS per se is not associated with any change of the level or of the features of salivary and plasma cortisol rhythmicity and confirm that men with visceral obesity display lower plasma cortisol levels than NWC men.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document