Use of remote bunk monitoring to record effects of breed, feeding regime and weather on feeding behavior and growth performance of cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
R. Silasi ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Impact

Thirty Charolais and 29 Holstein steers (432 ± 30 kg) blocked by weight and breed were randomly assigned to four feedlot pens equipped with radio frequency identification systems in the feed bunks. The systems monitored individual steers’ bunk attendance patterns (time, frequency, and duration of visits). Over four 21-d periods, the steers were offered (two times per day) an 80% barley grain: 20% barley silage diet for ad libitum intake (AL); restricted to 95% of their dry matter intake (DMI); during the previous 21 d; returned to an AL regime for 21 d; then restricted once again (RF). Weather data (air temperature, AT; relative humidity, RH; barometric pressure, BP; and wind speed, (WS) were expected at 1-h intervals throughout the four periods. Steer weights were recorded every 21 d; feed refusals every 7 d. Charolais steers had lower DMI (P < 0.05), higher (P < 0.005) average daily gain (ADG) and were more (P < 0.05) efficient than Holstein steers. Higher daily bunk attendance was recorded for Holstein steers during RF (P < 0.0001), and lowest for Charolais steers during RF (P < 0.0001). Dry matter intake, ADG and feed conversion were higher (v < 0.05) with AL than; with RF. Effects of weather varied with feeding regime and breed. On the AL regime, Charolais steers exhibited larger variation in daily bunk attendance than Holsteins (P < 0.0001) in relation to weather categories AT, RH and BP, but this did not compromise growth performance. Long-term data collection is required to relate the impact of weather on feeding patterns of feedlot cattle over different seasons and in different geographic locations. Key words: Feeding behaviour, feedlot, performance, thermal environment, radio frequency

scholarly journals PSXIV-17 Effects of corn bran plus solubles and corn oil on growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Arquimedes Lima Junior ◽  
Murillo A Meschiatti ◽  
Vinicius N Gouvêa ◽  
Victor Dantas ◽  
Daniel Silva Antonelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Finishing Diets

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls fed diets containing, on dietary dry matter basis, different levels of corn wet distillers bran plus solubles (WDBS; 0, 15, 30 or 45%) added with or without corn oil (CO; 0 and 3%). A total of 205 Nellore bulls (390 ± 25 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial body weight, distributed in 40 pens and pens within weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Diets were isonitrogenous and contained 8.5% sugarcane bagasse and 91.5% concentrate (ground corn, soybean meal, pelleted citrus pulp, urea, mineral). The WDBS (FlexyDDG®) and the corn oil were from SJC Bioenergia (Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil). Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. An interaction between CO × WDBS levels was observed for dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.032). In diets without CO, increasing levels of WDBS linearly (P = 0.004) reduced the DMI, but in diets containing 3% CO, increasing levels of WDBS quadraticaly affected the DMI (P = 0.002). No effects of CO, WDBSF levels or CO × WDBS levels were observed for final body weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. Feed efficiency tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for bulls fed diets containing CO (0.154 vs. 0.144). Increasing levels of WDBS tended (P = 0.09) to increase the feed efficiency. In summary, increasing levels of WDBS in finishing diets linearly (in diets without CO) or quadratically (in diets with CO) reduces the dry matter intake. Adding CO and WDBS tend to increase feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of limit-fed diets containing wet brewer’s grains to Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hatungimana ◽  
Tess C Stahl ◽  
Peter S Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of Holstein heifers limit-fed diets containing different amounts of wet brewer’s grains (WBG). A 12-wk randomized complete block study was conducted using 30 yearling Holstein heifers [378 ± 27 d of age, and body weight (BW) of 357.8 ± 27.6 kg (mean ± SD)]. Treatments were 0%, 10% and 20% of WBG on a dry matter (DM) basis and diets were formulated to be limit-fed for dry matter intake (DMI) at 2.35% of BW and provided 15% crude protein (CP) and 2.27 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of DM. Dry matter intake was recorded daily, while BW and skeletal measurements were measured every 2 wk. During week 12, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum over four consecutive days and composited by heifer to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry matter intakes, BW, and average daily gain were not different among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.4, and P = 0.6, respectively). Dry matter intakes ranged from 8.6 to 9.0 kg/d. Average BW were 404.4, 411.5, and 409.3 kg for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets, respectively. Average daily gains were 1.03, 1.04, and 0.96 kg/d for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets respectively. Skeletal measurements and body condition scores (BCS) were not different among treatments except for the change in heart girth (P &lt; 0.01) and initial BCS (P &lt; 0.01). Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, CP, fat, and hemicellulose were greater or tended to be greater in heifers fed 0% and 20% WBG treatments than heifers fed 10 % WBG (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, P = 0.06, P = 0.06, and P = 0.01, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and fat digestibilities were similar among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.3, and P = 0.3, respectively). During the digestibility phase, DMI tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the 10% WBG treatment. These results demonstrate that limit-feeding heifers with diets containing up to 20% WBG could replace soybean- and corn-based concentrates in diets without adverse consequences to the heifer growth performance.

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

Effects of pig genotype, immunological castration, and use of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality for entire male pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-106
Author(s):  
J. Park ◽  
C.P. Campbell ◽  
E.J. Squires ◽  
C.F.M. de Lange ◽  
I.B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

Entire male (EM) pigs (152; ∼30 kg body weight) were used to examine immunocastration using Improvest and feeding ractopamine on growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition. Timing for administering second dose of Improvest compared dosing at 4 and 8 wk pre-slaughter. A factorial arrangement evaluated two genotypes [Large Whites and Duroc crossbreds (Durocs)] by five management regimens (EM fed control diet, EM fed ractopamine, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 8 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter plus ractopamine). Average daily gain and gain to feed (G:F) were generally greater (P ≤ 0.01) in Durocs. Immunocastration increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI); feeding ractopamine decreased (P < 0.02) DMI and increased (P < 0.03) G:F. Immunocastration decreased (P < 0.04) carcass and lean yields; feeding ractopamine increased (P < 0.04) carcass weights, lean yield, muscling, and longissimus shear force while decreasing (P < 0.01) backfats. Immunocastration did not affect loin pH, color, drip loss, and shear force. Timing for second Improvest dose did not affect most growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits except for greater (P < 0.02) backfats when administering dose 8 wk pre-slaughter. Effects of immunocastration and (or) feeding ractopamine were relatively consistent in both genotypes evaluated.

scholarly journals PSII-28 Impact of commingling on feedlot steer productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
Amanda J Hubbard ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Courtney L Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of commingling two sources of cattle on productivity during the feedlot phase of production. Angus crossbred steers (n = 96), similar in genetic composition and age, from two research stations (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS) were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to study commencement. Steers were blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight (BW) before being randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from either McG (n = 3 pens) or 100% of cattle from BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Body weight was collected on d0, on d24, and at the end of the study on d42. Orthogonal contrasts analyzed effects of commingling (NOMIX vs. MIX) and source (BCS vs. McG) on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed (G:F). Linear mixed models (PROC MIXED) evaluated impact of source × treatment on ADG. No effects of commingling (P &gt; 0.05) or source (P &gt; 0.05) were detected on DMI (MIX 8.25, BCS 8.70, McG 8.14 kg/steer/day), ADG (MIX: 1.48, BCS: 1.67, McG: 1.59 kg/steer), and G:F (MIX: 0.18, BCS: 0.19, McG: 0.19). There was no effect of source × treatment on ADG (P &gt; 0.05); however, McG-MIX had the smallest ADG (1.42 kg/steer) compared to BCS-MIX, BCS-NOMIX, and McG-MIX (1.61, 1.59, and 1.60 kg/steer, respectively). Source and mixing treatment did not statistically impact productivity or efficiency, however, mixed cattle were numerically less productive than non-mixed cattle, and the impact of mixing on productivity may vary by source.

Effects of mixed Gmelina arborea and Moringa oleifera leaf meal inclusion on growth performance and blood profile of Red Sokoto bucks fed Digitaria smutsii hay based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
E. C. Okafor ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
O. S. Lamidi ◽  
W. Buba
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Leaf Meal

The use of browse plants as supplement have been shown to enhance intake, improve growthrate and increase reproduction in ruminants. However, most of these forage trees have notbeen widely used because they often contain anti-nutritional compounds that havedeleterious effects on animal performance Moringa oleifera and Gmelina arborea arewidely distributed in many locations in the tropics. Moringa oleifera and Gmelina arboreaare promising plants which could contribute to increased intake of some essential nutrientsand health-promoting phytochemicals and also provide cheaper alternative forages of highquality for ruminants. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of mixed Gmelinaarborea and Moringa oleifera (GMMO) leaf meal inclusion on the growth performance andblood profile of goats fed Digitaria smutsii hay based diets. Twenty intact Red Sokoto bucksbetween 4-5 months of age with an average weight of 12.00 kg were used. The bucks wererandomly allocated to four treatments with five animals per treatment in a completelyrandomized design. Gmelina arborea and Moringa oleifera leaf meals were mixed at ratio of75 and 25% respectively and included at 0, 10, 20 and 30% in a 40% Digitaria smutsii haybase. Each level of inclusion serves as a dietary treatment. The parameters measured werefeed intake, body weight gain, haematological and biochemical constituents. Feed cost andproximate analysis of GMMO were also carried out. The results showed that inclusion ofGMMO leaf meal improved dry matter intake of bucks. Dry matter intake ranged from310.28 g/d in T to 372.61 g/d in T . Weight gain and average daily gain were significant 1 3(P<0.05) higher in bucks fed 20% GMMO leaf meal (4.20kg and 46.67 g/d) respectively thanthe other treatments. Regression analysis showed 25% inclusion as the optimal level ofGMMO leaf meal inclusion in the diets of growing bucks. The haematological andbiochemical parameters of Red Sokoto bucks measured were within the normal range forhealthy goats. The cost-benefit analysis showed that goats fed 20% GMMO leaf meal gavemore profit than those on other treatments. Net profit was highest in 20% followed by 30%,10% and 0% inclusion (N1108.30, N 853.90, N506.20 and N485.00) respectively. This studyconcludes that the mixture of gmelina and moringa leaf meal can be included at 25% in thediets of Red Sokoto bucks for improved productivity.

Effect of Weaning and Natural Suckling on the Colostrum, Milk and Dry Matter Intake and Growth Performance of Sahiwal Calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranay Bharti ◽  
M.L. Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
The Mean

Background: The young calves are the future replacement stock in any farm. Traditionally calves are allowed to suckle their dams while in modern intensive dairy farming calves get separated from the dam. The current study was aimed to find the influence of weaning and natural suckling on the colostrum, milk and dry matter intake growth performance of Sahiwal calves. Methods: Twelve newborn Sahiwal calves were selected and divided into 2 groups, one group was weaned from their dams immediately after birth (weaned group) and another allowed to suckle their dam (suckled group). The parameters were taken daily for colostrum intake, weekly for milk intake and fortnightly for total dry matter intake (from milk, green fodder and concentrate), body weight and average body weight gain. Result: The mean daily colostrum intake during the first 3 feedings were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in weaned calves as compared to suckled calves. The mean daily milk intake was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in suckled (3.37 kg/day) as compared to weaned (2.80 kg/day) calves whereas average total dry matter intake did not differ between weaned and suckled calves. The mean final body weights at 12th fortnight was only numerically higher in suckled group of calves as compared to weaned group of calves while the overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in case of suckled calves (0.419±0.012 kg/day) than weaned (0.377±0.009) group of Sahiwal calves. It was concluded that the colostrum and milk intake performance as well as the final body weight and average daily body weight gain was improved in naturally suckled Sahiwal calves as compared to weaned calves.

scholarly journals 43 Effects of steroidal implants on feedlot growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum and meat estradiol-17β concentrations of Holstein steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Pedro Carvalho ◽  
Tara Felix ◽  
George Perry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations in the serum and longissimus muscle of Holstein steers fed a grain-based diet. Seventy Holstein steers (initial BW = 275 ± 6.4 kg) were assigned to treatments: (1) Implanted on d 0 with Component TE-IS with Tylan (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) and on d 84 with Component TE-S with Tylan (Elanco Animal Health) of the experiment; or (2) not implanted (control). Implanted Holstein steers were heavier (P ≤ 0.01) than nonimplanted Holstein steers on d 84, at time of reimplant, and at the end of the experiment (d 186). Implanting Holstein steers increased (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) without affecting (P = 31) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) when compared to steers that were not implanted. Carcasses from implanted Holstein steers had greater (P &lt; 0.01) hot carcass weights (HCW) and longissimus muscle (LM) area than carcasses from nonimplanted steers. Implanting did not affect (P ≥ 0.21) other carcass characteristics. There was an increase (P = 0.03) of 1.3 pg of E2/g of muscle when LM from implanted Holstein steers was compared to LM from nonimplanted steers. There was an implant × day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) in circulating serum E2 concentrations. Serum E2 concentrations remained relatively constant in nonimplanted Holstein steers. In implanted steers, serum E2 concentrations increased (P &lt; 0.01) after each implant. Serum E2 peaked at 28 d after the first implant and then declined after d 56. Implanting Holstein steers fed grain-based diets increased ADG, HCW, and LM area due to increased circulating E2 concentrations. Implants did increase LM E2 concentrations; however, changes were minimal compared to E2 concentrations in other human foods and were not great enough to warrant concerns regarding meat consumption from implanted animals.

scholarly journals Effects of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) on live performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Rincker ◽  
J B Allen ◽  
M Edmonds ◽  
M S Brown ◽  
J C Kube
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Meet Residue ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Manner

Abstract There is a lack of consistency across the globe in how countries establish tissue ractopamine residue limits and which residue limits are applied to various tissues, particularly for edible noncarcass tissues. Therefore, some US beef slaughter organizations have recommended a 48-h voluntary removal of ractopamine before slaughter in order to meet residue requirements of specific export countries and maintain international trade. Our objective was to assess the impact of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx®; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) up to 8 d before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (60 pens of 10 animals/pen) with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 611.8 ± 10 kg SEM were fed one of six treatments over 42 d. Treatments included a control that did not receive ractopamine, on-label use of ractopamine (0-d withdrawal), and 2, 4, 6, or 8 d of voluntary removal of ractopamine from feed before slaughter. The start of ractopamine feeding (30.1 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 32 d) was staggered so that blocks could be slaughtered on the same day. Dry matter intake was decreased by 0.5 kg/d when ractopamine was fed with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.04) compared to the control, but was not altered (P = 0.56) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Final BW, total BW gain, and average daily BW gain were increased by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.09) compared to the control, but these variables decreased in a linear manner (P = 0.10) as the duration of removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Gain efficiency was improved by 15% (P &lt; 0.01) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control, and gain efficiency decreased linearly (P = 0.06) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased. Approximately 2/3 of the increase in gain efficiency remained after 8 d of removal. Hot carcass weight was increased by 6 kg (P = 0.02) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control. Measured carcass characteristics were not altered by ractopamine feeding or by removal before slaughter (P ≥ 0.24). The consequences of voluntary removal of ractopamine up to 8 d before slaughter were a linear decrease in live BW gain (0.64 kg/d), poorer gain efficiency, and numerically lighter carcass weight.

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