Changes in delayed type hypersensitivity, egg antibody content and immune cell fatty acid composition of layer birds fed conjugated linoleic acid, n-6 or n-3 fatty acids

The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), egg yolk antibody content, immune tissue fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation products of layer birds were investigated. One hundred and twenty layer birds were fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) + animal fat (Diet I), sunflower oil (Diet II), canola + flax oil (Diet III) or fish oil (Diet IV). The total added lipid content of the diet was 3%. Birds fed Diets III and IV had higher content of n-3 fatty acids in lymphocyte and splenocytes. Thiobarbituric reactive substances were higher (P < 0.05) in the breast and thigh muscle of Diet IV fed birds. Serum and yolk anti-BSA antibody contents were higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed Diets III and IV. DTH was decreased (P < 0.05) in birds fed Diets IV and III. The number of lymphocyte CD4+ and CD8+ cells and spleen mononuclear cell CD4+, CD8+ and IgM+ cells did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatment groups. Feeding n-3 fatty acids increased antibody-mediated immune response, while n-6 fatty acids and CLA increased cell-mediated immune response. Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, delayed type hypersensitivity, immunoglobulins

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Significance of phenolic compounds in tropical forages for the ruminal bypass of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the appearance of biohydrogenation intermediates as examined in vitro

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an11059 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Anuraga Jayanegara ◽

Michael Kreuzer ◽

Elizabeth Wina ◽

Florian Leiber

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Test Method ◽

Tropical Forages

The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of phenol-rich tropical ruminant feeds on the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Samples of 27 tropical forages (mainly tree and shrub leaves), characterised by different phenolic profiles, were incubated in vitro (n = 4 replicates) with buffered rumen fluid for 24 h using the Hohenheim gas test method. Linseed oil was added as a rich source of PUFA. In the plants, total extractable phenols (TEP), non-tannin phenols, condensed tannins, and fatty acids were determined. After terminating incubation, the fatty acid profile present in fermentation fluid (total syringe content) was analysed by gas chromatography. The relationship between TEP and the disappearance of α-linolenic acid from the incubation fluid was negative (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.001), indicating that TEP reduced the ruminal BH of this PUFA. Similarly, TEP were negatively related with the disappearances of linoleic acid (R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001) and oleic acid (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.001). The appearance of rumenic acid, an important conjugated linoleic acid isomer, was positively correlated with TEP (R2 = 0.30, P < 0.01), while the opposite result was seen with stearic acid (R2 = 0.22, P < 0.05). Leaves of avocado (Persea americana) were particularly interesting, because they changed the BH pattern at a moderate TEP content of 73 g/kg DM. It is concluded that, in the tropical feedstuffs investigated, TEP have an impact on ruminal fatty acid BH and are associated with an increased bypass of PUFA and the generation of conjugated linoleic acid.

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Effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on performance and fatty acid, antioxidative, and inflammatory status in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2019-17135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 972-991 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Haubold ◽

C. Kröger-Koch ◽

A. Starke ◽

A. Tuchscherer ◽

A. Tröscher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Abomasal Infusion

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13 Enzymatic Purification and Enrichment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers

Food Lipids ◽

10.1201/9781315151854-14 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 381-402

Author(s):

Yuji Shimada ◽

Toshihiro Nagao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid

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Supplementation with whole cottonseed changes milk composition and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an10026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Dayani ◽

G. R. Ghorbani ◽

A. K. Esmailizadeh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Whole Cottonseed

Eight multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (average days in milking of 160 ± 40) were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin square design, each experimental period lasting 3 weeks, to determine the effects of whole cottonseed (WCS) treatment and dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on the profile of milk fatty acids. Each 3-week experimental period consisted of 2 weeks for ration adaptation followed by 1 week for data collection. The experimental diets consisted of: (1) Control (without WCS), 16% CP; (2) 20% WCS, 16% CP; (3) 20% WCS, 13% CP; and (4) 20% crushed WCS, 13% CP. Minerals and vitamin supplements were the same in all experimental diets. The WCS treatment led to increased DM intake, fat-corrected milk yield, fat concentration, proportion of long-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). Decreased concentration of dietary CP from 16 to 13% (diet 2 compared with diet 3) led to a decrease in both milk yield and milk composition (P < 0.05). WCS crushed in diets with 13% CP (diet 4 compared with diet 3) increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat. The results demonstrated that adding WCS to the diet of lactating cows improves both milk yield and milk fatty acid profile, particularly the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid.

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The Decrease of n-3 Fatty Acid Energy Percentage in an Equicaloric Diet Fed to B6C3Fe Mice for Three Generations Elicits Obesity

Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1155/2009/867041 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ingeborg Hanbauer ◽

Ignacio Rivero-Covelo ◽

Ekrem Maloku ◽

Adam Baca ◽

Qiaoyan Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Standard Diet

Feeding mice, over 3 generations, an equicaloric diet in which α-linolenic acid, the dietary precursor of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was substituted by linoleic acid, the dietary precursor of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, significantly increased body weight throughout life when compared with standard diet-fed mice. Adipogenesis observed in the low n-3 fatty acid mice was accompanied by a 6-fold upregulation of stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), whose activity is correlated to plasma triglyceride levels. In total liver lipid and phospholipid extracts, the sum of n-3 fatty acids and the individual longer carbon chain acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) were significantly decreased whereas arachidonic acid (20:4n6) was significantly increased. In addition, low n-3 fatty acid-fed mice had liver steatosis, heart, and kidney hypertrophy. Hence, reducing dietary α-linolenic acid, from 1.02 energy% to 0.16 energy% combined with raising linoleic acid intake resulted in obesity and had detrimental consequences on organ function.

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Poultry meat production as a functional food with a voluntary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/2275-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 203-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Schneideroá ◽

J. Zelenka ◽

E. Mrkvicová

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Functional Food ◽

The Other ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Meat Production ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid

We studied the effect of different levels of linseed oils made either of the flax cultivar Atalante with a high content of α-linolenic acid (612 g/kg) or of the cultivar Lola with a predominating content of linoleic acid (708 g/kg) in a chicken diet upon the fatty acid pattern in meat. Cockerels Ross 308 were fed the diets containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 per cent of oil in the last 15 days of fattening. Breast meat (BM) and thigh meat (TM) without skin of 8 chickens from each dietary group were used for analyses. The relative proportions of fatty acids were expressed as percentages of total determined fatty acids. When feeding Atalante oil, the proportions of n-6 fatty acids were highly significantly lower while those of n-3 fatty acids were higher; the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat was narrower (P < 0.001) than in chickens fed oil with a low content of α-linolenic acid. In BM and TM, the relative proportions of α-linolenic and γ-linolenic acids were nearly the same, the proportion of linoleic acid in BM was lower, and the proportions of the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in BM were higher than in TM. In BM, the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly (P < 0.001) more favourable than that found in TM. The relative proportions of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in meat decreased and those of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (P < 0.01) in dependence on the increasing level of dietary oils. When feeding Atalante oil, a significant increase in the proportion of linoleic acid in BM but not in TM was observed. The proportions of the other n-6 fatty acids decreased and those of all determined n-3 fatty acids, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid, significantly increased with the increasing level of oil in the diet. When feeding Lola oil, its increasing content in the diet increased the relative proportion of linoleic acid as well as its elongation to γ-linolenic acid; however, the proportions of arachidonic and adrenic acid did not change significantly (P > 0.05). The proportion of α-linolenic acid increased in both BM and TM. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic and clupanodonic acids in BM significantly decreased. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.9 to 13.6 and from 1.0 to 17.2 in BM and TM, respectively. An increase in the level of Lola oil in the diet by 1% caused that the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio extended by 1.00 and 1.19 units in BM and TM, respectively. Dependences of n-6/n-3 ratio on the level of Atalante oil were expressed by equations of convex parabolas with minima at the level of oil 5.8 and 5.9% for BM and TM, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of α-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat as a functional food with a very narrow ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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