Effect of fish oil and monensin on milk composition in dairy cows

Four primparous Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with 21-d periods to determine the effect of redfish oil and monensin sodium on milk composition. The four dietary treatments were a basal diet (control), the basal diet plus 14.5 mg monensin kg−1 dietary dry matter (M), 2% fish oil (FO), and a combination of fish oil and monensin (FO + M). Total DM intake, measured during the last week of each period was reduced on the two fish oil treatments but an interaction with monensin depressed intakes further. An additive inhibition of rumen fibre degradation is discussed. Differences in yields of milk and lactose were not shown to be significant among treatments. Milk fat content was reduced 29.8% by fish oil supplementation and protein content dropped 5.3%. Protein:fat ratios increased from 0.78 on the control ration to 1.08 on the fish oil treatments. Monensin, on the other hand, only caused a change in milk fat percentage, and that by a 7.5% decline. Fish oil increased the concentrations of 20- and 22-carbon fatty acids in milk, including the n-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids which were transferred at 9.3 and 16.2% efficiency from the diet, respectively. Monensin had no effect on milk fatty acid profile. The fish-oil-by-monensin interaction produced the poorest energy intakes and rates of energy deposition into milk. Key words: Milk composition, fish oil, monensin, omega-3 fatty acids

Download Full-text

A two-step feeding of calcium salts of fish oil improves reproductive performance in Holstein cows

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2021193-17364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. e0607

Author(s):

Mojtaba Hadadi ◽

Ali A. Alamouti ◽

AliReza Alizadeh ◽

Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Feeding Program

Aim of study: To examine the effects of a biphasic schedule of feeding n-3 fatty acids on dairy cows.Area of the study: Isfahan, Iran.Materials and methods: 140 lactating Holstein cows were allotted at calving into two groups of 70 animals and received one of two dietary treatments: 1) saturated fatty acids (SFA, containing 80% palmitic acid) or 2) calcium salt of fish oil (CSFO, containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), with an n-6/n-3 FA ratio of approximately 7 for SFA and 5 for CSFO treatments. The dietary supplements were fed to the respective groups at 240 g/head.day from 0 to 21 days in milk, and 120 g/head.day from 22 to 150 days in milk. Milk yield was recorded biweekly and milk composition was evaluated monthly. The concentration of FA in the milk and blood was determined on d-90 of the experiment in 10 cows randomly selected from each group. Reproductive indices were recorded until d-150.Main results: The CSFO supplementation did not affect average milk yield, milk composition or milk somatic cell count (SCC); however, in some weeks it increased milk production and decreased milk SCC (p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of palmitic acid and n-3 FA as well as milk fat concentration of EPA and DHA increased in the CSFO-fed cows (p<0.05). Feeding the CSFO decreased open days (100 vs 119 days, p<0.05), service per conception and all service conception rates (p<0.05).Research highlights: The implementation of a two-stage feeding program of n-3 FA improved reproductive variables and reduced milk SCC in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Some effects of unsaturated oils given to dairy cows with rations of different roughage content

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990001949x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 363-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. W. G. Nicholson ◽

J. D. Sutton

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Dietary Oil ◽

Effect Of Feeding

SummaryThree experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding polyunsaturated fish oils to dairy cows receiving rations of high, medium or low roughage content. In the rumen, the decreases in the proportion of acetic acid and increases in propionic acid induced by the oils became greater as the amount of oil given was increased but the magnitude of the response to any dose depended upon the composition of the basal diet. The effects on volatile fatty acids (VFA) proportions of small amounts of the oils (125–150 ml/day) were greatest with the low-roughage rations. With large doses of oil (375–450 ml/day) the responses were variable but it is concluded that, in general, changes in VFA proportions are least with low-roughage rations.The fat content of milk was more sensitive to dietary oil supplementation than were the rumen VFA proportions. When the unsaturated oils were given there was a decrease in milk fat percentage and an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the fat; there was also increased incorporation of fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms in the milk fat. The metabolism in the rumen tended to become adapted to the feeding of 150 ml/day of oil, the VFA pattern returning during the second and third week of supplementation to that observed before the addition of oil.

Download Full-text

PSII-18 The effects of fish oil supplementation on markers of inflammation and skeletal muscle and adipose growth in pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 314-315

Author(s):

Lillian L Okamoto ◽

Caleb C Reichhardt ◽

Sierra Lopez ◽

Anthony F Alberto ◽

Reganne K Briggs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this project was to determine the effects of fish oil, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, on genes involved in inflammation and growth of skeletal muscle tissue after an LPS challenge. Male Landrace-New Hampshire weaned piglets (BW 8.21±0.83 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to two treatments: 1) basal diet (n=7) and 2) basal diet plus 3% fish oil added (n = 7). Treatments were fed for 35 d. On d 34, an LPS challenge was performed and 24 h later, piglets were euthanized and skeletal muscle samples were collected from the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris. Total mRNA was isolated and markers of inflammation [cyclophilin (Cyclo), nuclear factor kappa beta subunit-1 (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], skeletal muscle growth [paired box transcription factor-7 (Pax7), myogenic factor-5 (Myf5), myoblast determination factor-1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG)] and adipose growth (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARy), leptin, and adiponectin) were analyzed. Cyclophilin abundance was increased (P = 0.03) in fish-oil piglets compared to control piglets. Other markers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-kB) were not affected (P > 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Abundance of Myf5 was lower (P = 0.03) in fish oil piglets than control piglets. Other myogenic regulatory factors (Pax7, MyoD, MyoG) were not (P > 0.05) altered by treatment. Abundance of PPARy, leptin or adiponectin was not affected (P > 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Muscle location influenced (P < 0.01) abundance of leptin and adiponectin, with abundance being higher in the biceps femoris than in the longissimus lumborum. No other genes analyzed were impacted by muscle location (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids via fish-oil may affect the inflammatory response and skeletal muscle growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these results on animal production.

Download Full-text

Suplementasi L-Karnitin dan Asam Lemak PUFA Terproteksi dalam Ransum Limbah Pasar Organik Terfermentasi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komposisi Kimiawi Air Susu Kambing

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v14i2.4300 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sudibya Sudibya ◽

Aqni Hanifa ◽

Eka Handayanta ◽

Ayu Intansari ◽

Rendi Fathoni Hadi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Tuna Fish ◽

Dairy Milk ◽

Tuna Fish Oil

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of transfer protection PUFA and L-carnitin on the ration on chemist composition of dairy milk In total, 15 female dairy goats of 2-4 year this old Peranakan Etawah (PE) with body weight of 25-55 kg were used in this experiment. The assay diets included a basal diet (control) based on yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal and coconut meal, mineral, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design (RAK). There were 5 treatment in each treatment and 3 replication. Treatment consisted of P0 = control ration, P1 = P0 +50% market waste subtition grass on the ration, P2 = P1+500 ppm L-karnitin on the ration, P3 = P1+protection tuna fish oil 5% in the ration and P4 = P1+ protection lemuru fish oil 5% in the ration. The variables measuared content composition dairy milk goat. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of suplementation protection PUFA in the rations on market waste contain 500 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P<0.01) of acid goats milk composition. The conclusion of this research shows that the suplementation protection PUFA in the ration contain 500 ppm L-carnitine, can decrease milk cholesterol from 0,482% to 0,420%, LDL from 45,30 to 33,13 mg/dl. There for to increase HDL from 54,70 to 66,87 mg/dl, omega-3 fatty acid from 1,10% to 4,04%, omega-6 fatty acid from 1,46% to 18,80 percent. Keywords: composition dairy milk goats, L-carnitine, protection PUFA fatty acid

Download Full-text

Productive Performance, Milk Composition and Milk Fatty Acids of Goats Supplemented with Sunflower and Linseed Whole Seeds in Grass Silage-Based Diets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Carlos Alberto García Montes de Oca ◽

Nazario Pescador Salas ◽

Julieta G. Estrada Flores ◽

José Romero Bernal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Concentrate Mixture

The objective of this study was to determine productive performance, milk composition and milk fatty acids (FA) of goats supplemented with sunflower and linseed whole seeds in grass silage-based diets. Nine Alpine goats were grouped in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (n = 3), that included three 21-d periods. Treatments were based on grass silage offered ad libitum and a concentrate mixture supplemented with either 40 g/d of Megalac-R® (control), 80 g/d of sunflower seed (SF), or 80 g/d of linseed (LS). Dry matter intake (1292 ± 14.0 g/d) and digestibility (g/kg) of dry matter (640 ± 32.1), organic matter (668 ± 32.4), neutral detergent fiber (628 ± 41.4) and acid detergent fiber (567 ± 60.9) was not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). Treatment did not affect milk fat yield (39.9 ± 1.24 g/d), protein content (4.5 ± 0.03 %) and protein yield (34.7 ± 1.22 g/d). Compared to control, SF and LS, decreased C16:0 (28.2 vs. 23.1 and 22.4 g/100 g), and increased total C18:1 (24.1 vs. 27.6 and 28.4 g/100 g) respectively. Overall, SF and LS resulted an effective strategy for altering the FA composition of goat´s milk towards a healthier profile for humans without deleterious effects on animal performance.

Download Full-text

Effects of ruminal administration of soy sauce oil on functional fatty acids in the rumen, blood and milk of dairy cows

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

Daiji Konno ◽

Masanobu Takahashi ◽

Ikuo Osaka ◽

Takenori Orihashi ◽

Kiyotaka Sakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Production Performance ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽

Soybean Processing

Objective: Soy sauce oil, a byproduct of whole soybean processing by the soy sauce industry, was evaluated as a source of linoleic acid for dairy cows for the purpose of manipulating the composition of milk.Methods: Eight dairy Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used for ruminal administration of soy sauce oil for a 28-day period using a 4×4 Latin square study design with 4 doses (0, 200, 400, and 600 g soy sauce oil/d).Results: Although dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate were decreased, specifically at 600 g/d administration. While milk fat percentage was decreased with administration of soy sauce oil, proportions of linoleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids in the rumen, blood and milk were increased with increasing soy sauce oil dose.Conclusion: These results suggest that soy sauce oil feeding could be useful for improving milk functionality without adverse effects on animal production performance when fed at less than 400 g/d.

Download Full-text

Digestion, milk production and milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows fed flax hulls and infused with flax oil in the abomasum

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029911000446 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cristiano Côrtes ◽

Ricardo Kazama ◽

Daniele da Silva-Kazama ◽

Chaouki Benchaar ◽

Lucia M Zeoula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Flax Oil ◽

Abomasal Infusion ◽

Protein Milk

Flax hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n-3 fatty acids (FA) but there is little information on digestion of flax hull based diets and nutritive value of flax hull for dairy production. Flax oil is rich in α-linolenic acid (LNA) and rumen bypass of flax oil contributes to increase n-3 FA proportions in milk. Therefore, the main objective of the experiment was to determine the effects of abomasal infusion of increasing amounts of flax oil on apparent digestibility, dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, milk composition, and milk FA profile with emphasis on the proportion of LNA when cows were supplemented or not with another source of LNA such as flax hull. Six multiparous Holstein cows averaging 650±36 kg body weight and 95±20 d in milk were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design (21-d experimental periods) with a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were: 1) control, neither flax hull nor flax oil (CON), 2) diet containing (DM basis) 15·9% flaxseed hull (FHU); 3) CON with abomasal infusion of 250 g/d flax oil; 4) CON with abomasal infusion of 500 g/d flax oil; 5) FHU with abomasal infusion of 250 g/d flax oil; 6) FHU with abomasal infusion of 500 g/d flax oil. Infusion of flax oil in the abomasum resulted in a more pronounce decrease in DM intake for cows fed the CON diets than for those fed the FHU diets. Abomasal infusion of flax oil had little effect on digestibility and FHU supplementation increased digestibility of DM and crude protein. Milk yield was not changed by abomasal infusion of flax oil where it was decreased with FHU supplementation. Cows fed FHU had higher proportions of 18:0, cis9-18:1, trans dienes, trans monoenes and total trans in milk fat than those fed CON. Proportion of LNA was similar in milk fat of cows infused with 250 and 500 g/d flax oil in the abomasum. Independently of the basal diet, abomasal infusion of flax oil resulted in the lowest n-6:n-3 FA ratio in milk fat, suggesting that the most important factor for modification of milk FA profile was the amount of n-3 FA bypassing the rumen and not the amount of flax hull fed to dairy cows. Moreover, these data suggest that there is no advantage to supply more than 250 g/d of flax oil in the abomasum to increase the proportion of LNA in milk fat.

Download Full-text

Influence of dietary fish oil on conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 and other fatty acids in milk fat from grazing dairy cows

Livestock Production Science ◽

10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.040 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (1-2) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

O.A. Rego ◽

H.J.D. Rosa ◽

P. Portugal ◽

R. Cordeiro ◽

A.E.S. Borba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Fish ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

Download Full-text

Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.r179 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (1) ◽

pp. R179-R184 ◽

Cited By ~ 223

Author(s):

Lance H. Baumgard ◽

Benjamin A. Corl ◽

Debra A. Dwyer ◽

A. Saebø ◽

Dale E. Bauman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

De Novo ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Latin Square ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Fat Synthesis ◽

Milk Fat Synthesis

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are octadecadienoic fatty acids that have profound effects on lipid metabolism. Our previous work showed that CLA (mixture of isomers) markedly reduced milk fat synthesis. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effects of specific CLA isomers. Multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, and treatments were 4-day abomasal infusions of 1) skim milk (control), 2) 9,11 CLA supplement, and 3) 10,12 CLA supplement. CLA supplements provided 10 g/day of the specific CLA isomer ( cis-9, trans-11 or trans-10, cis-12). Treatments had no effect on intake, milk yield, or milk protein yield. Only the 10,12 CLA supplement affected milk fat, causing a 42 and 44% reduction in milk fat percentage and yield, respectively. Milk fat composition revealed that de novo synthesized fatty acids were extensively reduced. Increases in ratios of C14:0 to C14:1 and C18:0to C18:1 indicated the 10,12 CLA supplement also altered Δ9-desaturase. Treatments had minimal effects on plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, or insulin-like growth factor-I. Overall, results demonstrate that trans-10, cis-12 CLA is the isomer responsible for inhibition of milk fat synthesis.

Download Full-text

Effect of dietary sources of roasted oilseeds on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/309-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Z.L. Liu ◽

D.P. Yang ◽

P. Chen ◽

S.B. Lin ◽

X.Y. Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Milk Fatty Acids

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementing the basal diet with oilseeds on blood parameters and composition of milk fatty acids, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Forty-eight lactating Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a randomized block design. The cows in each group were fed the control basal diet (the control diet) or diets containing roasted soybean (RSB), roasted linseed (RLS), roasted sunflower seed (RSS), hulled roasted peanut (HRP) and roasted cottonseed (RCS), respectively. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were not significantly different. Milk fat percentage and yield decreased (P < 0.05) in RLS, RSS and RCS diets compared with the control. Feeding various oilseeds had no effect on plasma parameters, but it tended to increase concentrations of trans C18:1 and C18:2 in plasma. In milk fat, the concentrations of short and medium fatty acids decreased while C18 unsaturated fatty acids increased when the cows were fed oilseed diets. Cis-9, trans -11 CLA content increased (P < 0.01) in the milk fat of cows fed oilseeds. RSB treatment produced the highest (P < 0.01) content of cis-9, trans -11 CLA, which was a 60% increase compared with the control. The results indicate that the diets supplemented with oilseeds improve the content of C18 unsaturated fatty acids and CLA in milk fat, and soybeans seem to be the optimal source to improve the nutritive value of milk compared with other oilseeds.

Download Full-text