EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS: V. INFLUENCE OF HUMIDITY ON LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
C. M. Williams ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

The respiration rate, heart rate, milk composition, and milk production of Holstein–Friesian cows were measured during the winter in a loose-housing type barn which resulted in conditions of moderate relative humidity (72–79%) and low fluctuating ambient air temperatures (−3°F and above). These results are compared with the results from a similar study carried out the previous winter when humidities in the barn ranged from 90 to 100%. This study confirmed the conclusions of the previous year that changes in respiration rate are closely related to changes in air temperatures and that heart rate and rectal temperatures are unaffected by low fluctuating temperatures. Milk production did not decrease with decreasing air temperatures in this study as reported previously with higher humidity readings. A negative correlation between percentage butterfat and relative humidity was observed.

EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS: I. INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE ON THE RESPIRATION RATE, HEART RATE, AND RECTAL TEMPERATURE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Holstein Friesian

This report presents data on the effect of low fluctuating ambient air temperatures on the rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows.Daily minimum ambient air temperature (DMAAT) inside the uninsulated University of Saskatchewan loose-housing shed ranged from −5° F. to 38° F. As ambient temperature decreased, rectal temperature and heart rate increased, while respiration rate decreased. Levels of significance were 10, 9, and 1 per cent for regressions of rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate, respectively, on DMAAT. Levels of significance were 7, 10, and 1 per cent for regressions of rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate, respectively, on degree hours per day (d-h/day). Degree hours per day is a measurement unit developed by the authors and is based on time and difference in degrees from 50° F.Change in rectal temperature and heart rate were not significantly (P = >.05) correlated with either change in d-h/day or change in DMAAT. Change in respiration rate was significantly (P = <.02) and negatively correlated with change in d-h/day and significantly (P = <.06) and positively correlated with change in DMAAT.Heart rate, rectal temperature, and respiration rate were not significantly correlated with each other. However, change in respiration rate was positively correlated with change in rectal temperature (P = <.03).While the influence of low temperatures resulted in small changes in these physiological characteristics compared to those experienced elsewhere in high temperature zones, it cannot be concluded that lactating cows were entirely free of thermal stress at temperatures as low as 0° F.

scholarly journals Kajian Fisiologis Penggunaan Bovine Somatotropin (bST) Pada Sapi Pra Afkir

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Dzarnisa Dzarnisa ◽  
Cut Aida Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Production Body

Studies of physiological bovine somatotropin (bST) on post lactating dairy ABSTRACT. To increase of milk production nationally with used in dairy cattle business can assist to increase milk production, eighteen post lactating dairy cows in the highland Cipelang Bogor, were used to study the effect used of bovine somatotropin and lactating time. The experimental cows were assigned into a Randomized Block Design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was using of somatotropin (bST)with three levels (non bST injection, biweekly injection and three weekly injection). The second factor was lactating time with two levels (4th lactating time and 6 th lactating time) Parameters measured were heart rate, respiration frequency, rectal temperature, milk production efficiency, milk production, 4% FCM (fat corrected milk.), Milk composition, weigh gain, milk quality consist of protein, fat, pH. Bovine somatotropin significantly increased heart rate and respiration rate. Also bovine somatotropin injection at 4th lactating time significantly increased milk production. There were an interaction between bST dan lactating time on milk production and weight gain. Bovine somatotropin injection biweekly in cows on 4th lactating time ration increased milk production by 16-26 %, but injection in cows 6th lactating time increased milk production by 8-18 % combination with somatotropin doze 250/ml/14 days. Somatothropine supplementation was injection biweekly and three weekly did significantly affect to milk production, body temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate however in normal physiology . Bovine somatotropine can increase post lactating dairy production interval 14 days better than 21 days.

Effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular parameters in rats and mice: a comparative approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R391-R396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Swoap ◽  
J. Michael Overton ◽  
Graham Garber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rats And Mice

Ambient air temperatures (Ta) of <6°C or >29°C have been shown to induce large changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in homeotherms. The present study was designed to investigate whether small incremental changes in Ta, such as those found in typical laboratory settings, would have an impact on blood pressure and other cardiovascular parameters in mice and rats. We predicted that small decreases in Ta would impact the cardiovascular parameters of mice more than rats due to the increased thermogenic demands resulting from a greater surface area-to-volume ratio in mice relative to rats. Cardiovascular parameters were measured with radiotelemetry in mice and rats that were housed in temperature-controlled environments. The animals were exposed to different Ta every 72 h, beginning at 30°C and incrementally decreasing by 4°C at each time interval to 18°C and then incrementally increasing back up to 30°C. As Ta decreased, mean blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse pressure increased significantly for both mice (1.6 mmHg/°C, 14.4 beats·min−1·°C−1, and 0.8 mmHg/°C, respectively) and rats (1.2 mmHg/°C, 8.1 beats·min−1·°C−1, and 0.8 mmHg/°C, respectively). Thus small changes in Ta significantly impact the cardiovascular parameters of both rats and mice, with mice demonstrating a greater sensitivity to these Ta changes.

EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS: IV. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Negative Effect

Changes in milk yield and milk composition from mature Holstein-Friesian cows managed under low fluctuating environmental temperatures have been presented. The experiment conducted at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, lasted for 106 days during the winter of 1956–57. Loafing barn temperatures, measured continuously in degree-hours per day (d-h/day) ranged from 110 to 1202 and daily minimum ambient air temperature (DMAAT) varied from −5° to 38°F.As temperature decreased below 25°F., daily yield of milk decreased significantly. Milk yield was unaffected by d-h/day at mean temperatures over 25°F. (600 d-h/day) and on days colder than 600 d-h/day the temperature effect on milk yield was curvilinear. The rate of decline in milk yield (pounds) was four times greater on days when DMAAT was below 10°F. than on days when DMAAT was above 10°F. While DMAAT had a significant effect on milk total-solids percentage and a highly significant negative effect on crude protein yield, the effect of d-h/day on these two factors was not significant. Neither DMAAT nor d-h/day had a significant effect on butterfat yield and percentage, fat-corrected milk yield, total-solids yield, solids-not-fat yield and percentage, or crude protein percentage.Stage of lactation had a significant effect on all characteristics studied except butterfat percentage.Under conditions of declining lactation and a high, variable plane of nutrition, cows that had been subjected to gradually cooling variable low temperatures were influenced by low daily minimum temperatures (DMAAT) to a greater degree than low mean daily temperatures (d-h/day).

scholarly journals Modelling and Validation of Computer Vision Techniques to Assess Heart Rate, Eye Temperature, Ear-Base Temperature and Respiration Rate in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jorquera-Chavez ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Robyn D. Warner ◽  
Tomas Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Eye Temperature

Precision livestock farming has emerged with the aim of providing detailed information to detect and reduce problems related to animal management. This study aimed to develop and validate computer vision techniques to track required features of cattle face and to remotely assess eye temperature, ear-base temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate in cattle. Ten dairy cows were recorded during six handling procedures across two consecutive days using thermal infrared cameras and RGB (red, green, blue) video cameras. Simultaneously, core body temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were measured using more conventional ‘invasive’ methods to be compared with the data obtained with the proposed algorithms. The feature tracking algorithm, developed to improve image processing, showed an accuracy between 92% and 95% when tracking different areas of the face of cows. The results of this study also show correlation coefficients up to 0.99 between temperature measures obtained invasively and those obtained remotely, with the highest values achieved when the analysis was performed within individual cows. In the case of respiration rate, a positive correlation (r = 0.87) was found between visual observations and the analysis of non-radiometric infrared videos. Low to high correlation coefficients were found between the heart rates (0.09–0.99) obtained from attached monitors and from the proposed method. Furthermore, camera location and the area analysed appear to have a relevant impact on the performance of the proposed techniques. This study shows positive outcomes from the proposed computer vision techniques when measuring physiological parameters. Further research is needed to automate and improve these techniques to measure physiological changes in farm animals considering their individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Respon Termoregulasi Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Diana ◽  
Bagus Priyo Purwanto ◽  
Afton Atabany
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
T Test ◽  
Thermoregulatory Response ◽  
Air Velocity

Etawah grade does were kept in different environment. Current research was conducted to compare the thermoregulatory response of Etawah grade goat which were kept at 200, 400 and 600 m asl. Measured environmental factors were temperature (Ta), relative humidity (Rh), and air velocity (Va) were measured for 12 hours from 06.00 am to 06.00 pm. Thermoregulatory response included rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rate (Rr) and heart rate (Hr) were measured every day at 6 am, 12 am and 6 pm. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using independent two-sample T-Test and regression analysis. The results showed different altitude 200, 400 and 600 m asl significantly affected (P<0.05) ambient temperature, which were average 30,16±2,88; 27,73±2,45 and 26,63±2,91; respectively. Otherwise, different altitude did not affect humidity and air velocity. Altitude significantly affected (P<0.05) rectal temperature and heart rate, but did not affect respiration rate. Etawah grade goat were comfortable to kept in 400 m asl.

The Effect of Sprinkling on the Respiration Rate, Body Temperature, Grazing Performance and Milk Production of Dairy Cattle

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Miller ◽  
J. B. Frye ◽  
B. J. Burch ◽  
P. J. Henderson ◽  
L. L. Rusoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Respiration Rate

Effect of Herbal Galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) on Milk Yield and Milk Constituents in Lactating Kankrej Cattle at Organised Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
H H Panchasara ◽  
A B Chaudhari ◽  
D A Patel ◽  
Y M Gami ◽  
M P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Group I ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding herbal galactogogue preparation (Sanjivani biokseera) on the milk yield and milk constituents in lactating Kankrej cows. Thirty-two lactating Kankrej cows in their 1st to 6th lactation were taken for the experiment from 3 days after calving up to 52 days postpartum. All the animals were fed as per the standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The cows were randomly divided into two uniform groups of 16 cows in each according to initial milk yield and milk composition. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and served as control. The animals in group-II were given Sanjivani biokseera (Naturewell Industries) @ 60 g per day for 1-month, commencing 3 days after calving, in addition to the usual feeds/fodders. A clear difference was observed in milk yield from day 8 onward of experiment between groups with significant (plessthan0 0.05) higher values from day 16-52 in cows fed herbal galactogogue as compared to control, but no such distinct effect on milk constituents was observed on day 52 when analyzed. The use of herbal galactogogue significantly (p lessthan 0.05) increased the overall average of 52 days milk production, which was 9.34 ± 0.21 lit/day in supplemented as compared to 7.75 ± 0.26 lit/day in control animals. It was concluded that herbal galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) could increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through its galactopoetic property and improved rumen environment.

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