THE EVALUATION OF BLOOD VOLUME AND TOTAL RED CELL MASS AS PREDICTORS OF GROSS BODY COMPOSITION IN THE PIG

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Doornenbal ◽  
A. H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Total Body

In a study of growth and development patterns in the pig, data were obtained on body weight, total body protein, blood volume, and red cell mass for a total of 88 pigs, ranging in live weight from 9 to 103 kg. The relationships of total body protein to the other variables were analyzed by multiple regression techniques on both an overall and stratified basis. Over the entire weight range, body weight itself explained 98% of the variability in total protein. When the analysis was restricted to pigs in the weight range of 81–103 kg the contribution of body weight in predicting total protein decreased considerably (50%), with concomitant increase in predictive value of blood volume (8%). It was concluded that blood volume and similar physiological measurements could be of major importance in predicting body composition in market weight pigs.

The Differential Diagnosis of the Polycythaemias by Plasma Iron Turnover Determination

1963 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Nancy Telfer ◽  
Norman Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Iron Determination ◽  
Practical Test ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Labelling Method

SummaryWe have demonstrated the value of the red blood cell mass and plasma iron turnover determinations in differentiating among the three polycythaemias. We have proposed a simple, clinically practical test, and a mathematical means of expressing it, in which, by use of one serum iron determination and one injection of Fe59, both the RBC mass and the PIT can be determined.Two corrections are necessary in the blood volume calculations if one is to use the Fe59 plasma labelling method:1. Twenty per cent must be subtracted from the blood volume value determined.2. The total body haematocrit (0.91 × Hctv) is used.The significance of the PIT is determined by comparing the observed PIT with the PIT predicted to be necessary to maintain the patient’s RBC mass; this value is termed the Polycythaemia Index. It was shown that in polycyth-aemia vera the PIT is in excess of that necessary to maintain the red cell mass,whereas in the other polycythaemias the PIT is just adequate to maintain the red cell mass.The results obtained in patients with primary polycythaemia, secondary polycythaemia, and relative polycythaemia are compared with the results in a group of controls, and the value of the procedure demonstrated.

Analysis of Red Cell Mass and Plasma Volume in Patients With Polycythemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Lorberboym ◽  
Naomi Rahimi-Levene ◽  
Helena Lipszyc ◽  
Chun K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iodine 125

Abstract Context.—Polycythemia describes an increased proportion of red blood cells in the peripheral blood. In absolute polycythemia, there is increased red cell mass (RCM) with normal plasma volume, in contrast with apparent polycythemia, in which there is increased or normal RCM and decreased plasma volume. In order to deliver the appropriate treatment it is necessary to differentiate between the two. Objective.—A retrospective analysis of RCM and plasma volume data are presented, with special attention to different methods of RCM interpretation. Design.—The measurements of RCM and plasma volume in 64 patients were compared with the venous and whole-body packed cell volume, and the incidence of absolute and apparent polycythemia was determined for increasing hematocrit levels. Measurements of RCM and plasma volume were performed using chromium 51–labeled red cells and iodine 125–labeled albumin, respectively. The measured RCM of each patient was expressed as a percentage of the mean expected RCM and was also defined as being within or outside the range of 2 SD of the mean. The results were also expressed in the traditional manner of mL/kg body weight. Results.—Twenty-one patients (13 women and 8 men) had absolute polycythemia. None of them had an increased plasma volume beyond 2 SD of the mean. When expressed according to the criteria of mL/kg body weight, 17 of the 21 patients had abnormally increased RCM, but 4 patients (19%) had a normal RCM value. Twenty-eight patients had apparent polycythemia. The remaining 15 patients had normal RCM and plasma volume. Conclusions.—The measurement of RCM and plasma volume is a simple and necessary procedure in the evaluation of polycythemia. In obese patients, the expression of RCM in mL/kg body weight lacks precision, considering that adipose tissue is hypovascular. The results of RCM are best described as being within or beyond 2 SD of the mean value.

scholarly journals 349 Empty body composition and retained energy of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kaitlyn Wesley ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Abstract This experiment was designed to quantify the empty body composition of Jersey steers administered an aggressive implant strategy. Jersey steers {n = 30; initial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg} were randomly assigned to one of two implant strategies: negative control (CON), or implanted with Revalor 200 (200 mg trenbalone acetate / 20 mg estradiol 17-β; (REV) every 70 d (d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) during a 420 d feeding period. Steers were harvested on d 421; 6 CON and 6 REV steers were randomly selected for collection of blood, hide, ground viscera, bone, and ground lean and fat to determine empty body composition. Proximate analysis was completed for each sample to determine total body percentages of moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Percentage empty body moisture (46.48% CON vs 49.69% REV) and empty body protein (15.32% CON vs 17.58% REV) were greater (P < 0.01) in REV cattle. In contrast empty body fat (33.51% CON vs 26.93% REV) was greater (P < 0.01) for CON cattle. Empty body ash did not differ (P > 0.10; 4.69% CON vs 5.80% REV) between treatments. Negative control steers contained a total empty body protein to total empty body fat ratio of 0.44:1 compared to 0.62:1 for REV steers. These data suggest that an aggressive implant strategy alters composition of gain during the finishing of Jersey steers toward increased protein and decreased fat.

Erythropoietin production in exhypoxic polycythemic mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. C925-C929 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Seferynska ◽  
J. Brookins ◽  
J. C. Rice ◽  
J. W. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Hypobaric Chamber ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Posthypoxic Period ◽  
Serum Erythropoietin

Our present study was undertaken to determine the serum erythropoietin concentration (radioimmunoassay), hematocrit, red cell mass, and body weight of mice exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber (0.42 atm, 22 h/day) for 14 days and during the 10 posthypoxic days at ambient pressure to clarify the correlation of the red cell mass and erythropoietin production during hypoxia. The mean serum erythropoietin titer was 326.23 +/- 77.04 mU/ml after 2 days, reached the highest level after 3 days (452.2 +/- 114.5 mU/ml), then gradually declined to a level of 36.5 +/- 11.4 mU/ml after 14 days of hypoxia, and was undetectable during the 10-day posthypoxic period. The hematocrit values were significantly increased from 41.09 +/- 0.50% at day 0 to 51.65 +/- 1.08% after 3 days and to 72.20 +/- 1.53% after 14 days of hypoxia. The red cell mass (calculated from initial body weight) increased from 3.24 +/- 0.1 ml/100 g at day 0 to 7.32 +/- 0.46 ml/100 g after 14 days of hypoxia and declined to 6.66 +/- 0.53 ml/100 g at the end of the 10-day posthypoxic period. The mice lost weight while they were in the hypobaric chamber and showed a significant increase in body weight during the 10-day posthypoxic period. These studies support the concept that chronic intermittent hypoxia causes an early increase, followed by a rapid decline, in erythropoietin production, which is correlated with the gradual increase in red cell mass.

Polycythemia in rats following restricted food intake

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wohl ◽  
Clarence Merskey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Unit Body Weight

Rats were divided into two groups such that mean weight and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were not significantly different. One group (controls) was then fed a normal chow ad libitum. The other group was fed 6 g daily (30% of normal intake) for 2 weeks. The hemoglobin levels of rats fed the restricted diet rose 1.4–3.5 g/100 ml and hematocrit level rose 2–6%. At the end of 2 weeks total red cell mass (Cr51) was 5.5–6.0 ml in the underfed groups compared with 6.8 ml in the control group. Body weight fell proportionally more than did red cell mass, elevating the calculated red cell mass per unit body weight. Serum osmolality and K+ were not significantly different from control values, and there was a slightly higher serum Na+ and Cl– in the restricted diet group. It is concluded that restriction of food intake produced a relative polycythemia. At the end of 2 weeks of restriction an isosmotic reduction in plasma volume was present.

Circulating blood volumes in pulmonary hypertension associated with erythrocytosis – the effects of therapeutic hemodilution

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilvani C. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Alberto Buschpigell ◽  
Antonio Augusto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Eisenmenger Syndrome ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Blood Volumes

In the Eisenmenger syndrome, indirect estimation of blood volumes may provide quite inaccurate information when seeking to define therapeutic strategies. With this in mind, we analyzed directly the red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital cardiac defects and erythrocytosis, comparing the results with the respective estimated volumes, and examining the changes induced by therapeutic hemodilution.Thus, we studied 17 patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome, aged from 15 to 53 years, in the basal condition, studying 12 of them both before and after hemodilution. We also investigated five individuals with minimal cardiac lesions, aged from 14 to 42 years, as controls. Red cell mass and plasma volumes were measured using [51 chromium]-sodium chromate and [131iodine]-albumin respectively. Hemodilution was planned so as to exchange 10% of the total blood volume, using 40,000 molecular weight dextran simultaneously to replace the removed volume. The mean values of the red cell mass, plasma volume and total blood volume as assessed by radionuclide techniques were 32%, 31% and 32% higher than the respective volumes as estimated using empirical mathematical formulas (p < 0.002). The measured total blood volume was also 19% higher in the patients compared with controls. Following a period of 5 days after hemodilution, we noted a 13% reduction in red cell mass (p = 0.046), and 10% reduction in total blood volume (p = 0.02), albeit with no changes in the plasma volume.We conclude that direct measurement of blood volumes is useful for proper management of these patients, and provides results that are considerably different from those obtained by empirical estimations.

Blood distribution during cardiac arrest induced by hypothermia

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-540
Author(s):  
Paul W. Willard ◽  
Steven M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Blood Redistribution ◽  
Blood Volumes

Blood volumes with simultaneous blood- and red cell-distribution measurements were determined by the Cr51 technique in four groups of rats. In splenectomized and nonsplenectomized animals, blood volume of the whole body, lung, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius muscle was measured in both the control rats (body temperature 37 C) and in rats with hypothermically induced cardiac arrest (body temperature 8–9 C). Splenectomy caused alterations in some visceral blood volumes without concurrent changes in red cell mass. With cardiac arrest increased quantities of blood and red cell mass were observed in the lung, liver, and gastrocnemius in both splenectomized and nonsplenectomized groups. In the nonsplenectomized animals an increase of over 100 % in spleen blood volume was observed. When the two hypothermic groups were compared, differences existed only in blood volume of the lung, heart, and kidney. Hypothermia induced a pattern of blood redistribution toward visceral areas of the body. Submitted on October 14, 1960

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