GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CANADIAN BREED OF CATTLE AND ITS FIRST CROSS AND BACKCROSS WITH THE BROWN SWISS. I. BODY WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE D. RONY ◽  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
WILFRIED B. HOLTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Growth Production

Body weight and seven body dimensions measuring the length, height, width and depth were taken at birth and every 180 days up to 720 days of age on 49 pure Canadian, 49 first cross of 1/2 Brown Swiss 1/2 Canadian, and 30 backcross of 1/4 Brown Swiss 3/4 Canadian heifers. The animals were raised up to 180 days of age at the Deschambault Station, then half the pure Canadian and the first cross were transferred to the La Pocatière Station. At birth, the pure Canadian calves weighed 29.2 kg and were lighter than the first and backcrosses by 6.9 kg (24%) and 4.8 kg (16%), respectively. The two crosses exceeded the pure Canadian in all the dimensions, the differences being significant in height at shoulder and width at rumps. At 360 days of age the two crosses were about 6% heavier and 4% higher at shoulder than the pure Canadian. With the exception of body length after 1 yr of age in which the backcross was slightly inferior to the pure Canadian, the two crosses were generally larger than the pure Canadian, with the backcross being intermediate between the first cross and the pure Canadian. The effects of season of birth and age of dam were found to be non-significant on most of the traits studied in this experiment.

Capacity of goats to reach for food through tombstone barriers, as affected by position of food, body weight and body dimensions

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. M. Muhikambele ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
J. E. Owen ◽  
L. A. Mtenga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Food Body ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Plate Distance

AbstractGoat production systems increasingly involve indoor feeding. To facilitate manger design, there is need for information on the ability to reach for food, such as that for cattle given food through tombstone barriers. In the first study, 20 castrated and 20 non-pregnant female Saanens of mean live weight (M) 39·3 (s.d. 14·42) kg were trained to reach, through a vertical tombstone barrier, for concentrate meal placed on a horizontal platform attached to the barrier. The barrier allowed the neck but not the shoulders to pass through. It was hypothesized that horizontal reach forwards (F, distance from mid point of barrier to uneaten meal) and sideways (S, distances sideways from mid point of barrier to uneaten meal adjacent to barrier) would be a function of height of platform above the floor and size of goat. Because of size, eight goats (mean M, 16·4 kg) were unable to reach meal when the platform height was 75 cm. Mean (s.e.) values for F at platform heights 0, 25, 50 and 75 cm were 55·9 (0·68), 58·8 (0·64), 57·8 (0·69) and 41·1 (1·23) cm respectively. Values for S were smaller, but followed a similar pattern (49·4 (0·64), 52·4 (0·56), 53·2 (0·53), 36·6 (1·17) cm). Linear regression of either F or S on M and linear body dimensions (e.g. body length, neck and head length, neck-joint height, withers height) showed high correlations with R2 values being 0·8 or more. In the second study, 10 castrated and 10 non-pregnant females (M, 48·7 (s.d. 14·56) kg) were trained to reach through the tombstone barrier for concentrate pellets 'glued', using molasses, on to a vertical plate. It was hypothesized that vertical reach (V, distance from floor to uneaten pellets) would be a function of distance between barrier and plate (20, 30, 40, 45, 50 cm), height of step (0,14·2, 28·4, 42·6 cm) on which goats placed their forelegs and size of goat. Four goats (mean M, 29·9 kg) were unable to reach pellets when the plate was at 45 and 50 cm. Mean (s.e.) V values decreased with increasing plate distance and increased with step height (e.g. at 0 cm step, 122·4 (1·96), 116·9 (2·05), 109·4 (2·16), 103·9 (2·49) and 96·5 (2·75) at 20-; 30-; 40-; 45- and 50-cm plate distances respectively; at 20-cm plate distance, 122·4 (1·96), 137·5 (2·00), 151·3 (1·90) and 164·3 (2·00) cm at 0-; 14·2-; 28·4-and 42·6-cm step heights respectively). Linear regression of V on body weight and body dimensions (e.g. body length, heart girth, withers height) showed high correlations (R2 > 0·8). It is concluded that for practical purposes, body weight is a satisfactory predictor of reach. The results support the hypotheses. The data will facilitate the design of mangers for goats with body weights and dimensions in the range of those used in the present study.

Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Post-Weaning Growth and Morphometric Traits in Assam Hill Goat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sarma ◽  
N Nahardeka ◽  
A. Aziz ◽  
N Nahardeka ◽  
R. N. Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Body Weights

The present work was conducted to evaluate the performance in respect of post-weaning growth and morphometric traits of Assam Hill goat. Data on 960 animals belonging to 3 populations of Assam Hill goat maintained at three field units viz., Batabari, Nahira and Tetelia under All India Coordinated Research Project on Goat Improvement were utilized. The least-squares means for body weight, height at withers, heart girth and body length were 7.557 ± 0.049 kg, 41.231 ± 0.121 cm, 44.621 ± 0.115 cm and 50.778 ± 0.172 cm at 6 months; 9.934 ± 0.044 kg, 43.902 ± 0.120 cm, 48.890 ± 0.099 cm and 55.552 ± 0.170 cm at 9 months and 12.549 ± 0.046 kg, 46.791 ± 0.112 cm, 52.765 ± 0.090 cm and 58.392 ± 0.207 cm at 12 months of age, respectively. Location had significant effect on body weight and height at withers at all age groups; on heart girth at 6, 9 and 12 months and on body length at 6 and 12 months of age. Season of birth exerted significant effect on body weight at 9 and 12 months; on height at withers at 12 months and on body length at 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Significant effect of sex was observed on body weight at 9 and 12 months, on height at withers at 6, 9 and 12 months and on heart girth and body length at 9 and 12 months of age. The heritability estimates for body weight and body measurements were moderate indicating scope of selection. The phenotypic and genetic correlation among body weights and body measurements at 6, 9 and 12 months of age were positive in direction and high in magnitude.

Prediction of body weights of Nellore sheep under field condition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rani ◽  
B. Ekambaram ◽  
B. Punya Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nellore Sheep

Data on 1350 Nellore sheep of 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age, reared under field conditions in 12 mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were utilized for development of prediction equations and study the phenotypic association among body measurements and body weights. The coefficients of correlation between body weight with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length were positive and high in magnitude in both males and females in majority of the age groups studied. Step-down regression equations were fitted to predict the body weight based on biometrical measurements at different ages. The height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length have contributed significantly to the expression of body weights at the majority of the ages studied. High coefficient of determination (R2) value was observed in males at 6 and 8-teeth age as 88 per cent, while in females 50 per cent at 2-teeth age.

Effects of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids on the growth of Snell dwarf mice

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shiwaku ◽  
K. Hirai ◽  
M. Torii ◽  
T. Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Spirometra Erinacei ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Dwarf Mice

SummarySnell normal and dwarf mice were infected with Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids collected in Japan, to investigate the relationship between the growth-promoting effects of plerocercoids and the growth hormone releasing factor and the somatostatin – growth hormone – somatomedin axis in the host. Infection with plerocercoids caused increases in body weight and weights of muscle, liver, spleen and heart in the normal male mice, and increases in the head–body length, body weight and weights of muscle, liver, spleen, kidney and heart in the normal female mice, but did not increase the weight of the fat pad. Infection with plerocercoids caused increases in body weights and weights of muscle, liver and spleen in the male dwarf mice, and increases in the head–body length, body weight and weights of muscle, liver, spleen and kidney in the female dwarf mice. These observations suggest that plerocercoids promote the growth of dwarf mice as well as normal mice. As the dwarfism of Snell mice is due to a defective anterior pituitary gland, it seems that plerocercoids do not stimulate secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary. Accordingly, it seems to be more probable that the larvae secrete a growth hormone-like substance.

Prediction of body dimensions of Mule and Scottish Blackface ewes from measurement of body weight

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Sharples ◽  
J. Dumelow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Weight Range

ABSTRACTThe body dimensions and live weight of 126 Mule (Bluefaced Leicester × Scottish Blackface) and Scottish Blackface ewes were measured during the 1986/87 housing season. Body dimensions included: head and neck length, body length, diagonal body length, height to withers, height to rump, girth at widest point, heart girth, width at widest point and width at shoulders. It was found that most body dimensions varied greatly with body weight. However, some body dimensions such as head length were found to be independent of weight within the weight range studied. Prediction equations are presented for each body dimensions for unshorn sheep.These predictions can be used as a basis for the design of sheep housing, for example, trough space allowances, design of feeders or as a biological basis for space allowance.

Factors affecting body weight at birth and at 90 days of age in pure-bred and cross-bred cattle in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Willis ◽  
P. D. P. Wood ◽  
A. Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Sex Effects

SUMMARYLive weights of 8764 calves born in seven herds in Cuba during the years 1966–8 were measured at birth and at approximately 3 months of age. Over 2600 were pure bred: Zebu (2002), Santa Gertrudis (435) and Charolais (212); the remainder were crossbred Holstein x Zebu (4955) and Brown Swiss x Zebu (1160).Year, season of birth, herd and sex were associated with variation in mean birth weight in all breeds and crosses except Charolais in which no seasonal effect was apparent and in Brown Swiss x Zebu cross-breeds in which herd and sex effects were absent.At 90 days there was a general tendency for calves born in late spring and summer to be heavier than those bom at other times. By this age, herd variation had subsided among Brown Swiss x Zebu cross-breds, and variation due to sex had ceased to be important among Charolais calves.Estimates of heritability of birth weight ranged from 0·09 in Holstein crosses to 0·62 in Brown Swiss crosses, and of weight at 90 days from 0·05 in Brown Swiss crosses to 0·44 in the Charolais breed. Phenotypic correlations between birth and 90 days weights were of the order of + 0·25 while genetic correlations were positive for pure breeds and negative for cross-breeds.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Victoria ◽  
T. R. Fayeye ◽  
K. Luke Ayorinde ◽  
H. Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Positive Correlations

A total of 108 two-weeks-old Japanese quail chicks were used to study the relationship between body weight and linear measurements and to predict body weight from linear measurements of body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD) and drum stick (DS).The results showed that the mean quail birds’ body weights were 35.23g and 143.78g, at 2nd and 8th weeks, respectively. Body weight gain was increased between 2 and 6 weeks of age and thereafter decreased with advancing age. Female birds were significantly (P< 0.05) heavier than those of male counterpart at 6th and 8th weeks of age. Significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) were obtained between body weight and body measurements at 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. The best correlation was obtained between body weight and body girth at the 2nd week of age (0.70). The estimates of coefficient of determination and predictive equations show that body weight in Japanese quail is linearly related to body measurements especially with body girth and body length. The study shows that it is possible for breeders to use BG and BL as criteria for assessment and early selection of Japanese quail for body weight.  Keywords: Japanese quail; Body weight; Linear measurements; Correlation  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 175-183 (2014)  

HEIFER GROWTH IN SEVERAL STRAINS OF HOLSTEINS AND AYRSHIRES AND IN PROGENY OF AYRSHIRE COWS MATED TO BROW SWISS AND NORWEGIAN RED BULLS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEE ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER ◽  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. E. EMSLEY ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
First Time

Body weights and measurements were compared among several genetic groups from the 496 Holstein-based H line heifers and 344 Ayrshire-based A line heifers. Differences among herds (Charlottetown, P.E.I., Lennoxville and Normandin, Que.; Ottawa, Ont., and Lethbridge, Alta) were large and highly significant (P < 0.01) for age at first calving and all weights and measurements except birth weight. Year and season of birth effects were small and generally not significant (P > 0.05). Birth weights were 4.1 kg lighter for calves from first parity dams and 1.4 kg lighter for second parity dams than fourth or later parity dams. Heifers calving at earlier ages for the first time were generally heavier and larger at 66 and 82 wk than those calving later, reflecting the effects of concurrent pregnancy. H line heifers were significantly heavier and larger in all measurements than A line heifers. Differences among the Canadian, American, and Research Branch Holstein sire groups were small and generally not significant (P > 0.05). Brown Swiss progeny were significantly (P < 0.05) taller at the withers and longer in the rump and generally larger than progeny of other A line sire groups. Norwegian Red progeny were the most similar to the Brown Swiss, followed by the other Ayrshire groups. Key words: Growth, heifers, Holsteins, Ayrshires, Brown Swiss, Norwegian Red

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Birth Weight And Growth Rate In Friesian X Bunaji Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
O. W. Ehoche ◽  
A. E. O. Malau-aduli ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean

Calving records from 1984 - 1989 were studied to determine the influence of rearing method, sex of calf, season of birth, dam breed and year of birth on body weight at birth, 3,6 and 12 months of age in Friesian x Bunaji calves. The mean weights of calves at birth, 3, 6 and 12 months of age were 22.0, 68.2, 96.7 and 137.4 kg, respectively. Sex of calf had a significant effect, with male calves being heavier than the females by 1.2, 5.9 and 9.7 kg at birth, 3 and 6 months of age respectively. The effect of season of birth on calf body weights was not significant except at 6 months of age, when calves born during the wet season were heavier (P<0.01) than those born in the harmattan period by 9.5 kg. Year of birth had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on calf weights from birth to yearling. Method of rearing and dam breed had no significant influence on all the weights. The results suggest the need to develop correction factors for standardisation of weight records when comparing dams on the basis of body weights of their calves.

scholarly journals Biometrical Relationship between Body Weight and Body Measurements of Black Bengal Goat (BBG)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Md. Ahsan Habib ◽  
Ambia Akhtar ◽  
A. K. Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan ◽  
Md. Panir Choudhury ◽  
Most Farhana Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth

Aims: To develop regression equations for estimation of live weight from the external morphological measurements. Study Design: CRD with non-orthogonal hierarchy. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at 3 rural village communities of Bhaluka Upazila in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013. Methodology: All animals were ear-tagged and maintained under semi-intensive management system with scheduled vaccination and de-worming. Data were collected from a baseline survey along with 3 progressive generations produced from the community foundation stocks. Body length, chest girth, wither height, hip height and body weights were measured in a same day and recorded individually from birth up to 15 month age. Body weights were measured in kilogram by a hanging spring balance and other morphological parameters were measured in centimeter by a measuring tape. The data were analyzed by "SPSS 17.0" statistical program. Results: A total of seven regression models were adopted and analysis of variance showed that all models were fitted significantly (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient was higher when multiple body measurements were included in the model. The study also revealed that when chest girth as a single body measurement was included in the model gave the highest correlation coefficient (R=0.92). For including multiple measurements, body length and chest girth are the best external body measures which exposed same correlation coefficient (R2=0.92) when included more than these two body measures in the model. The differences between actual body weight and body weight predicted from regression equation for different ages were less than 1% (p>0.05) and correlation coefficient between weights was 0.92 (p<0.01). Conclusion: There are strong correlations among morphometric body measurements. Thus, body weight can be estimated from a single or multiple body measurements by regression equation. Chest girth is the best single predictor for estimating live body weight with high accuracy.

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