HEIFER GROWTH IN SEVERAL STRAINS OF HOLSTEINS AND AYRSHIRES AND IN PROGENY OF AYRSHIRE COWS MATED TO BROW SWISS AND NORWEGIAN RED BULLS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEE ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER ◽  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. E. EMSLEY ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
First Time

Body weights and measurements were compared among several genetic groups from the 496 Holstein-based H line heifers and 344 Ayrshire-based A line heifers. Differences among herds (Charlottetown, P.E.I., Lennoxville and Normandin, Que.; Ottawa, Ont., and Lethbridge, Alta) were large and highly significant (P < 0.01) for age at first calving and all weights and measurements except birth weight. Year and season of birth effects were small and generally not significant (P > 0.05). Birth weights were 4.1 kg lighter for calves from first parity dams and 1.4 kg lighter for second parity dams than fourth or later parity dams. Heifers calving at earlier ages for the first time were generally heavier and larger at 66 and 82 wk than those calving later, reflecting the effects of concurrent pregnancy. H line heifers were significantly heavier and larger in all measurements than A line heifers. Differences among the Canadian, American, and Research Branch Holstein sire groups were small and generally not significant (P > 0.05). Brown Swiss progeny were significantly (P < 0.05) taller at the withers and longer in the rump and generally larger than progeny of other A line sire groups. Norwegian Red progeny were the most similar to the Brown Swiss, followed by the other Ayrshire groups. Key words: Growth, heifers, Holsteins, Ayrshires, Brown Swiss, Norwegian Red

Reproductive performance and growth of Shorthorn purebred and crossbred cows

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Fahmy ◽  
G. Lalande ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
First Time ◽  
Maximum Body

SUMMARYData were obtained from 27 pure Shorthorn, 22 Angus × Shorthorn, 31 Charolais × Shorthorn and 27 Hereford × Shorthorn cows, during 10 years. Angus × Shorthorn cows required the least number of services per conception (1·17), had the shortest average gestation lengths (280·6 days), and had a calving percentage of 88·2% and birth weight of calf of 29·8 kg. The respective figures for Charolais × Shorthorn were 1·21 services, 281·6 days, 88·3% (the highest) and 32·9 kg (the heaviest), for Hereford × Shorthorn 1·23 services, 283·6 days, 84·4% and 31·6 kg, and for pure Shorthorn 1·20 services, 282·2 days, 82·7% and 29·6 kg. Average calf weight at birth increased with the advance in age of cow up to 5 years, then showed little change. Seventy-two per cent of the crossbred cows calved for the first time at 2 years old compared with 65% of the Shorthorns. On the other hand, Shorthorn cows had the highest twinning percentage (2·9%) and the lowest single calf mortality at birth (1·4%). The maximum body weights of Angus, Charolais, and Hereford crossbreds and Shorthorn cows were 576·8, 655·8, 6254 and 553·8 kg respectively at 7–8 years of age.

GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CANADIAN BREED OF CATTLE AND ITS FIRST CROSS AND BACKCROSS WITH THE BROWN SWISS. I. BODY WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE D. RONY ◽  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
WILFRIED B. HOLTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Growth Production

Body weight and seven body dimensions measuring the length, height, width and depth were taken at birth and every 180 days up to 720 days of age on 49 pure Canadian, 49 first cross of 1/2 Brown Swiss 1/2 Canadian, and 30 backcross of 1/4 Brown Swiss 3/4 Canadian heifers. The animals were raised up to 180 days of age at the Deschambault Station, then half the pure Canadian and the first cross were transferred to the La Pocatière Station. At birth, the pure Canadian calves weighed 29.2 kg and were lighter than the first and backcrosses by 6.9 kg (24%) and 4.8 kg (16%), respectively. The two crosses exceeded the pure Canadian in all the dimensions, the differences being significant in height at shoulder and width at rumps. At 360 days of age the two crosses were about 6% heavier and 4% higher at shoulder than the pure Canadian. With the exception of body length after 1 yr of age in which the backcross was slightly inferior to the pure Canadian, the two crosses were generally larger than the pure Canadian, with the backcross being intermediate between the first cross and the pure Canadian. The effects of season of birth and age of dam were found to be non-significant on most of the traits studied in this experiment.

scholarly journals Early Slavic housing from Belz surroundings

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Taras Mylian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Big City ◽  
Conservation Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

Territory of the upper reaches of Western Bug River, especially the annalistic of Belz in Solokiya and its surroundings, is rich in archeological sites. In 2016, as part of the Program «Protection and Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Lviv Region for 2016–2018», conservation research was conducted at the settlement Belz 22 (Hora). It is a multi-layered settlement with cultural and chronological horizons from the final Paleolithic to modern times. Information and research on it were conducted with advantages during XX century however, for the first time in the settlement; remains of a Slavic dwelling-semi-dugout (object 20) of the Prague culture were discovered and studied. Research has shown that dwelling had two periods of functioning. Traces of restructuring were confirmed, which led to a reduction of the area and changing of the shape – from rectangular to square. Evidence of the reconstruction was the remains of two clay ovens, the oldest of which was partially cut down by a later wall. Under the remains of this wall above the furnace a Roman denarius of the II century was found. Ovens are built on special sites made of compacted clay. The older oven has a dome lined with special rollers. Discovered material is represented mainly by handmade ceramic pots, some of them are reconstructed. Some of the forms of utensils were common during the late V – early VI centuries, and the other part – during the second half of VI – early VII century. This division corresponded to the periods of housing. An important find was the weights for the loom, which were reused to build the oven. An additional evidence of the development of weaving in the settlement is a bi-conical spinner with flat platforms, which comes from dwelling. The settlement on the outskirts of the annalistic Belz is characterized by permanence and genetic connection throughout the Middle Ages – from individual Slavic settlements in this region to the creation of a separate principality around the big city. Key words: Prague culture, Belz, Solokiya, dwelling, oven, ceramics, denarius.

Breeding Australian crossbred ewes with Arabian fat-tailed rams for intensive lamb production

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
RC Malik ◽  
MA Razzaque ◽  
S Abbas ◽  
T Al-Mutawa ◽  
N Al-Khozam
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Daily Gain

The reproductive performance under intensive management of Border Leicester x Merino (BLM), Dorset x Merino (DM), and Suffolk x Merino (SM) ewes imported from Australia, and local fat-tailed Naeemi (N) ewes mated to N rams was studied. Progeny performance for birth and weaning weights, average daily gain (ADG) and preweaning survival was also evaluated. BLM ewes showed the highest reproductive performance. They produced and weaned (at 8 weeks) significantly more lambs (P<0.05) than any of the other ewe genotypes. The reproductive performance of the BLM, N, DM and SM ewes, mated twice, 8 months apart, was 127, 85, 91 and 85 respectively for percentage of lambs born to ewes joined, 109, 72, 77 and 70 respectively for percentage of lambs weaned to ewes joined, and 17.8, 13.5, 12.1 and 11.6 kg respectively of lamb weaned per ewe joined over the period of 13 months from the first joining until last lambs weaned. The effect of season on ewe reproduction was significant. Birth weight was not influenced by genotype or season but did change significantly with litter size. Genetic group, litter size, season of birth and birth weight were significant sources of variation in the ADG and weaning weight of the lamb. N x BLM lambs were weaned at significantly heavier weights than lambs of the remaining 3 groups. Season of birth and birth weight also significantly affected preweaning lamb survival. About 86% of the lambs born alive were weaned with little difference between genetic groups in survival rates.

The orientation behaviour of multiple chromosome configurations in acridid grasshoppers

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. John
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robertsonian Fusion ◽  
Orientation Behaviour ◽  
Chiasma Distribution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Combined Data

The existing data on the behaviour of multiple chromosome configurations arising from single interchanges between either metacentric–telocentric or telocentric–telocentric nonhomologues in 10 species of acridid grasshoppers are compared with data from four new cases. Two of these new cases involve metacentric–telocentric exchanges but the other two, for the first time in acridids, deal with a reciprocal translocation between two nonhomologous metacentrics. The combined data are used to evaluate the factors that influence multiple orientation in this family of grasshoppers and reemphasize the importance of chiasma frequency and chiasma distribution for multiple behaviour. This conclusion is reinforced by a consideration of the known cases of chain of three multiples originating from the Robertsonian fusion of nonhomologous telocentrics in acridoids. Key words: acridid grasshoppers, multiple chromosome configurations, chiasma distribution, orientation behaviour.

Genetic evaluation of reproductive traits in Jersey crossbred heifersat an organized farm of eastern India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Kumar ◽  
Ajoy Mandal ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
Poonam Ratwan ◽  
Narendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
National Dairy Research Institute ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Eastern Regional

The present study was conducted on data of reproductive traits (viz., age at first service and age at first calving) in Jersey crossbred heifers, maintained at the Eastern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, West Bengal over a period of 38 years (1977-2014) to determine the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors. The data were classified according to season of birth, period of birth of animals and distributed in eight genetic groups having different level of Jersey inheritance. The least square mean of age at first service (AFS) and age at first calving (AFC) were 750.61±12.35 and 1089.36±13.99 days respectively. Sire had highly significant (P<0.01) influence on both AFS and AFC in the present study whereas, the genetic group had only significant effect on age at first calving. The half-bred of Jersey and Tharparkar crosses (1/2 Jersey-1/2 Tharparkar) had significantly lower AFC (987.47±43.21 days) than half-bred of Jersey and Red Sindhi and other crosses in this study. Moreover, the animals having less than 50 % and more than 62.5 % Jersey inheritance had highest AFC than other crosses. On the other hand, period of birth had significant effect on both AFS and AFC; however, season of birth only influenced AFC. Heritability estimates of AFS and AFC were observed 0.46±0.19 and 0.30±0.19 respectively. Strong genetic correlation (0.81±0.19) was estimated between these traits. Since, these traits have moderate to high heritability, it indicates faster improvement of these traits through selection.

scholarly journals PSVII-14 Effects of birth characteristics, nursing behaviors, and supplemental milk on piglet pre-weaning growth and survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 213-214
Author(s):  
Courtney Moore Clemons ◽  
William Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
The Other ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Birth Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Nursing Behaviors

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine effects of birth characteristics, nursing behaviors and an oral gavage of milk replacer on pre-weaning growth and survival of piglets. Sixty-one sows were monitored during farrowing and length, timing, order and other birth characteristics were recorded for 789 piglets. Nursing behaviors and body weights were obtained on days 1, 8, 15, and 21 of lactation. Pairs of piglets (n=205) nursing the same teats were selected and one was given 1 mL milk replacer at 24 hours postpartum while the other was the control. Birth weight (p&lt; 0.0001) and teat location nursed (p&lt; 0.0001) were significant sources of variation for both growth and survival. Both decreased (p&lt; 0.05) as nursing location became more posterior. Piglets nursing the first pair of teats had the highest gain (5.43 + 0.13 kg) and survival (86.2%) while those nursing the seventh pair (3.82 + 0.18 kg and 67.1%) had the lowest. The largest piglets at birth (1.88 + 0.01 kg, n=204) had better (p&lt; 0.05) growth (5.38 + 0.10 vs. 4.09 + 1.0 kg) and survival (91.1 vs 70.5%) compared with the smallest pigs (1.08 + 0.1 kg, n=207). Milk replacer did not influence piglet growth (p=0.84) but improved survival (84.9 vs 79.3%; p=0.04). Birth order (p &gt;0.21), farrowing length (p &gt;0.42) and birth interval (p &gt;0.38) did not affect growth or survival. These results indicate that teat location and birth weight have significant effects on pre-weaning growth and survival while the duration, timing and order of piglet births do not and that an oral gavage of milk has potential for improving pre-weaning survival.

Contribution to the Lygaeoidea (Heteroptera) fauna of Turkey based on specimens preserved in the Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey (LEMT) and additional information

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
BARIŞ ÇERÇİ ◽  
SERDAR TEZCAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
New Record ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
First Time

In this study, the following three species of Lygaeoidea were recorded from Turkey: Emblethis solitarius Jakovlev, 1882; Orsillodes longirostris Puton, 1884 (both Rhyparochromidae) and Horvathiolus kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi Josifov, 1965 (Lygaeidae). Among them E. solitarius Jakovlev, 1881 was recorded from Turkey for the first time and additional data on the distribution of H. kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi and O. longirostris previously known only from one or two localities from Turkey was added. Horvathiolus kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi was redescribed and new diagnostic characters were added. Photographs of macropterous form of H. kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi and adult forms of the other two species were given. Supplementary material of Adelphophylus oenderi Çerçi, Koçak & Tezcan, 2019 (Miridae: Phylinae) was also reported. Key words: Lygaeoidea, Lygaeidae, Rhyparochromidae, Miridae, new record, redescription, Turkey

Factors affecting body weight at birth and at 90 days of age in pure-bred and cross-bred cattle in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Willis ◽  
P. D. P. Wood ◽  
A. Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Sex Effects

SUMMARYLive weights of 8764 calves born in seven herds in Cuba during the years 1966–8 were measured at birth and at approximately 3 months of age. Over 2600 were pure bred: Zebu (2002), Santa Gertrudis (435) and Charolais (212); the remainder were crossbred Holstein x Zebu (4955) and Brown Swiss x Zebu (1160).Year, season of birth, herd and sex were associated with variation in mean birth weight in all breeds and crosses except Charolais in which no seasonal effect was apparent and in Brown Swiss x Zebu cross-breeds in which herd and sex effects were absent.At 90 days there was a general tendency for calves born in late spring and summer to be heavier than those bom at other times. By this age, herd variation had subsided among Brown Swiss x Zebu cross-breds, and variation due to sex had ceased to be important among Charolais calves.Estimates of heritability of birth weight ranged from 0·09 in Holstein crosses to 0·62 in Brown Swiss crosses, and of weight at 90 days from 0·05 in Brown Swiss crosses to 0·44 in the Charolais breed. Phenotypic correlations between birth and 90 days weights were of the order of + 0·25 while genetic correlations were positive for pure breeds and negative for cross-breeds.

Environmental and genetic effects on birth weight in graded-up goat kids

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez G. F. ◽  
H. Montaldo V. ◽  
A. Juárez L.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Groups

A linear model analysis was carried out to study the effect of sex, litter size, age of dam, year, birth period and genetic group on birth weight in goats. Genetic groups consisted of graded-up goats from backcrosses of local goats with Alpine, Granadina, Nubian, Saanen and Toggenburg sires, classified as low grade (from 1/2 to 3/4 of exotic genes) and high grade (over 3/4 of exotic genes). Heritabilities were also obtained for low- and high-grade kids. The data concern 4623 records from a farm under a stall feeding system in the north of Mexico. All of the main fixed effects but only the genetic group × birth period interaction were significant (P < 0.05). Males were heavier than females and singles were heavier than double and multiple-born kids. Birth weight means increased as dam age increased. Birth weight means for high and low grade kids were, respectively, 3.3 and 3.2 kg in Alpine kids, 3.1 and 3.2 in Nubian, 2.7 and 2.9 in Granadina, 3.3 and 3.3 in Saanen and 3.3 and 3.1 in Toggenburg. Heritability estimates were 0.40 ± 0.14 and 0.44 ± 0.18 in high and low grade kids, respectively. Key words: Goat kids, birth weight, Alpine, Granadina, Nubian, Saanen, Toggenburg, crossbreds, heritability, non-genetic factors

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