Effects of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids on the growth of Snell dwarf mice

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shiwaku ◽  
K. Hirai ◽  
M. Torii ◽  
T. Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Spirometra Erinacei ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Dwarf Mice

SummarySnell normal and dwarf mice were infected with Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids collected in Japan, to investigate the relationship between the growth-promoting effects of plerocercoids and the growth hormone releasing factor and the somatostatin – growth hormone – somatomedin axis in the host. Infection with plerocercoids caused increases in body weight and weights of muscle, liver, spleen and heart in the normal male mice, and increases in the head–body length, body weight and weights of muscle, liver, spleen, kidney and heart in the normal female mice, but did not increase the weight of the fat pad. Infection with plerocercoids caused increases in body weights and weights of muscle, liver and spleen in the male dwarf mice, and increases in the head–body length, body weight and weights of muscle, liver, spleen and kidney in the female dwarf mice. These observations suggest that plerocercoids promote the growth of dwarf mice as well as normal mice. As the dwarfism of Snell mice is due to a defective anterior pituitary gland, it seems that plerocercoids do not stimulate secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary. Accordingly, it seems to be more probable that the larvae secrete a growth hormone-like substance.

GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CANADIAN BREED OF CATTLE AND ITS FIRST CROSS AND BACKCROSS WITH THE BROWN SWISS. I. BODY WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE D. RONY ◽  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
WILFRIED B. HOLTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Growth Production

Body weight and seven body dimensions measuring the length, height, width and depth were taken at birth and every 180 days up to 720 days of age on 49 pure Canadian, 49 first cross of 1/2 Brown Swiss 1/2 Canadian, and 30 backcross of 1/4 Brown Swiss 3/4 Canadian heifers. The animals were raised up to 180 days of age at the Deschambault Station, then half the pure Canadian and the first cross were transferred to the La Pocatière Station. At birth, the pure Canadian calves weighed 29.2 kg and were lighter than the first and backcrosses by 6.9 kg (24%) and 4.8 kg (16%), respectively. The two crosses exceeded the pure Canadian in all the dimensions, the differences being significant in height at shoulder and width at rumps. At 360 days of age the two crosses were about 6% heavier and 4% higher at shoulder than the pure Canadian. With the exception of body length after 1 yr of age in which the backcross was slightly inferior to the pure Canadian, the two crosses were generally larger than the pure Canadian, with the backcross being intermediate between the first cross and the pure Canadian. The effects of season of birth and age of dam were found to be non-significant on most of the traits studied in this experiment.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone Differentially Inhibits Thyroxine- or Growth Hormone-Induced Body and Organ Growth of Snell Dwarf Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 2553-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul P. A. Rooman ◽  
Gilliam Kuijpers ◽  
Ria Gresnigt ◽  
Ruud Bloemen ◽  
Johanna G. Koster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Mice

Cellular growth in organs of dwarf mice during treatment with growth hormone, thyroxine and plasma fractions containing somatomedin activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia van Buul-Offers ◽  
Jan Leo Van den Brande ◽  
L. Dumoleijn ◽  
M. Feijlbrief ◽  
C. M. Hoogerbrugge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Fractions ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Dwarf Mice

Abstract. DNA, RNA and protein content of the liver, kidneys and spleen were studied in dwarf mice during treatment with human growth hormone (hGH), thyroxine and plasma fractions containing somatomedin activity (SM-P1 and SM-P4). This investigation has revealed that part of the growth of the liver and all growth of the spleen obtained with the administered preparations, are a consequence of nuclear division. Cell enlargement is not induced in the spleen by either of the preparations used. In the liver a small degree of hypertrophy is obtained with SM-P1. In the kidney both cell number and cell size are stimulated by thyroxine and to a lesser extent by hGH and SM-P1. With regards to the RNA content per cell an increase is obtained with hGH and thyroxine in the liver and in the kidneys also with SM-P1, but not in the spleen. These data demonstrate that semi-purified SM-preparations, like hGH and thyroxine, might be potent stimuli for the restoration of the impaired nucleic acid metabolism in these organs of the Snell dwarf mouse.

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH HORMONE GENES IN MICE WITH GENETIC DEFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE EXPRESSION

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. PHILLIPS ◽  
W. G. BEAMER ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Ames Dwarf ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Mice ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Control Litter

Restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA was carried out for three types of dwarf mice (Little, Ames dwarf and Snell dwarf) that have genetic defects in GH expression. We found the GH genes to be present in homozygotes for each mutant allele as well as in their control litter-mates. These three types of dwarf mice may be useful in studying the molecular basis of inherited GH deficiency and as models for analogous genetic disorders of human GH expression.

Prediction of body weights of Nellore sheep under field condition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rani ◽  
B. Ekambaram ◽  
B. Punya Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nellore Sheep

Data on 1350 Nellore sheep of 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age, reared under field conditions in 12 mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were utilized for development of prediction equations and study the phenotypic association among body measurements and body weights. The coefficients of correlation between body weight with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length were positive and high in magnitude in both males and females in majority of the age groups studied. Step-down regression equations were fitted to predict the body weight based on biometrical measurements at different ages. The height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length have contributed significantly to the expression of body weights at the majority of the ages studied. High coefficient of determination (R2) value was observed in males at 6 and 8-teeth age as 88 per cent, while in females 50 per cent at 2-teeth age.

Overexpression of human insulin-like growth factor-II in transgenic mice causes increased growth of the thymus

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C van Buul-Offers ◽  
K de Haan ◽  
M G Reijnen-Gresnigt ◽  
D Meinsma ◽  
M Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Thymic Development ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The One ◽  
Dwarf Mice ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In order to determine the effects of IGF-II overexpression on growth of mice, transgenic mice were produced carrying one of three different H-2Kb human IGF-II minigenes in which different non-coding exons (exon 5, truncated exon 5 or exon 6) preceded the coding exons 7, 8 and 9. These were spaced by truncated introns and for proper polyadenylation an SV40 polyadenylation signal was incorporated. The highest levels of IGF-II minigene mRNA expression were found in lines containing the truncated exon 5 construct (II5′). Those containing exon 6 (II6) had less expression and 5 constructs (II5) gave only moderate levels of mRNA expression. In general mRNA expression was highest in thymus and spleen, low in liver and kidney and absent in the brain. In addition, one 115' line showed expression in the brain. Serum IGF-II levels at 8 weeks of age were increased 7- to 8-fold in homozygous transgenic lines with construct II5′ without brain expression and 2- to 3-fold in the one that showed expression in the brain; serum IGF-I levels were unchanged. Serum IGFs in the lines containing the constructs 115 and 116 were not different from those of the controls. In all cases body length and weight as well as the weight of several organs such as brain, liver, kidneys, heart and spleen when expressed as a function of age did not differ from controls. Only the thymus showed a significant increase in weight in the transgenics II5′. Inbreeding of 2 lines containing construct 115' with pituitary deficient Snell dwarf mice did not influence body length or weight despite increased serum IGF-II levels. Again the thymus showed a marked increase in growth. The biological activity of the IGF-II peptide was further demonstrated by increased serum IGF-binding protein-3 in the transgenic dwarf mice, as shown by Western ligand blotting. In summary, overexpression of IGF-II in transgenic normal and dwarf mice does not affect overall body growth, but causes increased growth of the thymus. This suggests a role for IGF-II in thymic development by paracrine/autocrine action. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 491–502

Capacity of goats to reach for food through tombstone barriers, as affected by position of food, body weight and body dimensions

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. M. Muhikambele ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
J. E. Owen ◽  
L. A. Mtenga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Food Body ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Plate Distance

AbstractGoat production systems increasingly involve indoor feeding. To facilitate manger design, there is need for information on the ability to reach for food, such as that for cattle given food through tombstone barriers. In the first study, 20 castrated and 20 non-pregnant female Saanens of mean live weight (M) 39·3 (s.d. 14·42) kg were trained to reach, through a vertical tombstone barrier, for concentrate meal placed on a horizontal platform attached to the barrier. The barrier allowed the neck but not the shoulders to pass through. It was hypothesized that horizontal reach forwards (F, distance from mid point of barrier to uneaten meal) and sideways (S, distances sideways from mid point of barrier to uneaten meal adjacent to barrier) would be a function of height of platform above the floor and size of goat. Because of size, eight goats (mean M, 16·4 kg) were unable to reach meal when the platform height was 75 cm. Mean (s.e.) values for F at platform heights 0, 25, 50 and 75 cm were 55·9 (0·68), 58·8 (0·64), 57·8 (0·69) and 41·1 (1·23) cm respectively. Values for S were smaller, but followed a similar pattern (49·4 (0·64), 52·4 (0·56), 53·2 (0·53), 36·6 (1·17) cm). Linear regression of either F or S on M and linear body dimensions (e.g. body length, neck and head length, neck-joint height, withers height) showed high correlations with R2 values being 0·8 or more. In the second study, 10 castrated and 10 non-pregnant females (M, 48·7 (s.d. 14·56) kg) were trained to reach through the tombstone barrier for concentrate pellets 'glued', using molasses, on to a vertical plate. It was hypothesized that vertical reach (V, distance from floor to uneaten pellets) would be a function of distance between barrier and plate (20, 30, 40, 45, 50 cm), height of step (0,14·2, 28·4, 42·6 cm) on which goats placed their forelegs and size of goat. Four goats (mean M, 29·9 kg) were unable to reach pellets when the plate was at 45 and 50 cm. Mean (s.e.) V values decreased with increasing plate distance and increased with step height (e.g. at 0 cm step, 122·4 (1·96), 116·9 (2·05), 109·4 (2·16), 103·9 (2·49) and 96·5 (2·75) at 20-; 30-; 40-; 45- and 50-cm plate distances respectively; at 20-cm plate distance, 122·4 (1·96), 137·5 (2·00), 151·3 (1·90) and 164·3 (2·00) cm at 0-; 14·2-; 28·4-and 42·6-cm step heights respectively). Linear regression of V on body weight and body dimensions (e.g. body length, heart girth, withers height) showed high correlations (R2 > 0·8). It is concluded that for practical purposes, body weight is a satisfactory predictor of reach. The results support the hypotheses. The data will facilitate the design of mangers for goats with body weights and dimensions in the range of those used in the present study.

Monoclonal antibody enhancement of the effects of human growth hormone on growth and body composition in mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Holder ◽  
J. A. Blows ◽  
R. Aston ◽  
P. C. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Dwarf Mice

ABSTRACT Dwarf mice were treated for 10 days with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), human growth hormone (hGH) or hGH with monoclonal antibody EB1 (hGH/MAB-EB1); for each treatment there were three groups which received 50, 75 or 100% of the amount of food eaten when available ad libitum. The PBS control groups lost more or gained less weight than equivalent groups receiving hGH alone, and mice given hGH/MAB-EB1 showed a greater weight gain than those in comparable groups receiving hGH alone. When weight gain or loss was expressed as g/g food eaten, groups treated with hGH gained more or lost less than the PBS groups. Similarly, weight gain/g food was significantly greater in hGH/MAB-EB1 animals than in the comparable groups given hGH alone. A similar pattern of response was observed for increases in tail length and uptake of 35SO42− into costal cartilage in vivo. For mice given hGH alone, fat content was decreased compared with that in the equivalent group given PBS, and mice treated with hGH/MAB-EB1 had less fat than the equivalent group given hGH alone. Administration of hGH alone caused a concomitant increase in protein content and body weight such that, compared with mice given PBS, there was no significant increase in protein as a proportion of body weight. However, hGH/MAB-EB1 caused an increase in whole body protein which was significantly greater than that for the equivalent group given hGH alone, when expressed as per cent body weight. Monoclonal antibody EB1 has been shown to enhance the actions of hGH on growth and body composition in Snell dwarf mice and to increase food conversion efficiency. J. Endocr. (1988) 117,85–90

EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OF AN ANABOLIC STEROID ON EXCRETION OF HYDROXYPROLINE IN THE URINE OF RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Urinary Hydroxyproline ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A bovine growth hormone and an anabolic steroid, methandrostenolone, were tested for their ability to stimulate collagen metabolism in rats. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, considered as an index of collagen metabolism, was determined prior to, during and after the treatment of animals with these hormones. Food intake and body weights were recorded daily in treated rats and in untreated controls. A significant increase in body weight was observed in the treated rats as compared with the controls. Both hormones significantly stimulated the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline in rats. It is assumed that both hormones affect the excretion of hydroxyproline through its action on metabolically active soluble collagen, and through its stimulation of the turnover of mature collagen.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Victoria ◽  
T. R. Fayeye ◽  
K. Luke Ayorinde ◽  
H. Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Positive Correlations

A total of 108 two-weeks-old Japanese quail chicks were used to study the relationship between body weight and linear measurements and to predict body weight from linear measurements of body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD) and drum stick (DS).The results showed that the mean quail birds’ body weights were 35.23g and 143.78g, at 2nd and 8th weeks, respectively. Body weight gain was increased between 2 and 6 weeks of age and thereafter decreased with advancing age. Female birds were significantly (P< 0.05) heavier than those of male counterpart at 6th and 8th weeks of age. Significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) were obtained between body weight and body measurements at 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. The best correlation was obtained between body weight and body girth at the 2nd week of age (0.70). The estimates of coefficient of determination and predictive equations show that body weight in Japanese quail is linearly related to body measurements especially with body girth and body length. The study shows that it is possible for breeders to use BG and BL as criteria for assessment and early selection of Japanese quail for body weight.  Keywords: Japanese quail; Body weight; Linear measurements; Correlation  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 175-183 (2014)  

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