THE STATUS OF BETA-CAROTENE AND VITAMIN A IN QUEBEC DAIRY HERDS: FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR STATUS IN COWS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLIOT BLOCK ◽  
BERTRAND FARMER
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Status

Feed samples and a milk sample from the bulk tank were obtained from 100 randomly selected Holstein herds on the official option of the Dairy Herd Analysis Service, and jugular blood samples were obtained from five cows within each herd. Feed, milk and blood samples were analyzed for beta-carotene and grains, supplements, milk and blood for vitamin A. Haylage appeared to be the most reliable source of beta-carotene in comparison to dry hay and corn silage. The acid detergent fiber content of hay and/or haylage was shown to be negatively correlated to beta-carotene concentration. The concentrations of beta-carotene in the diet, plasma and milk were shown to be positively correlated; the same trends were observed for vitamin A. The concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin A in plasma were shown to be negatively related. Factors affecting the concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin A in plasma were examined. The beta-carotene and vitamin A status of a herd were shown to be both negatively correlated to calving interval and number of breedings per conception. Beta-carotene may only be expected to improve the fertility of a dairy herd when it is the most limiting factor. Additionally, the vitamin A status of a herd should always be considered when evaluating its beta-carotene status. Key words: Beta-carotene, vitamin A, reproductive performance, forage quality, cows (dairy)

scholarly journals Investigating the status of marital burnout and related factors in married women referred to health centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbobeh Nejatian ◽  
Ali Alami ◽  
Vahideh Momeniyan ◽  
Ali Delshad Noghabi ◽  
Alireza Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Emotional Burnout

Abstract Background Marital burnout is an important issue in marriage and many factors play an important role in this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to determine the status of marital burnout and the factors affecting married women who were referred to health centers because of it. Methods In this study, 936 women were selected by multistage sampling and data collection was performed using questionnaires of demographic and couple burnout. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24. Results The mean (± SD) of marital burnout, in this study, was 55.46 (± 18.03) (out of 147 score). There was a significant relationship between the level of women's education with total marital burnout, and the subscales of somatic and emotional burnout (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was also observed between mandatory marriage and total marital burnout, as well as subscales of somatic, emotional, and psychological burnout (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was detected and observed between women's participation in training courses of communication skills and total marital burnout, inclusive of the subscales regarding psychological burnout (P < 0.05). The results of linear regression showed a significant relationship between mandatory in marriage, marital satisfaction, marriage duration, and husband's level of education with women's marital burnout. The variables were finally able to predict 12% of marital burnout variance. It should be noted that marital satisfaction had a higher effect on predicting marital burnout (P < 0.001). Conclusions Marital satisfaction was one of the effective factors in predicting marital burnout, so it can be concluded that it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue. Educational programs and examining the factors that enhance marital satisfaction are needed to prevent and reduce marital burnout in married couples.

scholarly journals The effects of maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A status: a randomised trial in Kenya

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ayah ◽  
D. L. Mwaniki ◽  
P. Magnussen ◽  
A. E. Tedstone ◽  
T. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vitamin A Status

Postpartum vitamin A supplementation of mothers and infants is recommended, but the efficacy has been questioned. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Kenyan mother–infant pairs were randomised to maternal vitamin A (400 000 IU) or placebo < 24 h postpartum, and infant vitamin A (100 000 IU) or placebo at 14 weeks. Milk retinol was determined at weeks 4, 14 and 26, and maternal and infant serum retinol at weeks 14 and 26. Infant retinol stores were assessed at week 26, using a modified relative dose response (MRDR) test. Among 564 women, serum retinol at 36 weeks gestation was 0·81 (sd 0·21) μmol/l, and 33·3 % were < 0·7 μmol/l. Maternal serum retinol was not different between groups, but milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group: (0·67 v. 0·60 μmol/l; 0·52 v. 0·44 μmol/l; 0·50 v. 0·44 μmol/l at 4, 14 and 26 weeks, respectively). When expressed per gram fat, milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group only at 4 weeks. Infant serum retinol was not different between groups. However, although most infants had deficient vitamin A stores (MRDR>0·06 %) at 26 weeks, vitamin A to infants, but not mothers, resulted in a lower proportion of infants with deficient vitamin A stores (69 v. 78 %). High-dose postpartum vitamin A supplementation failed to increase serum retinol and infant stores, despite modest effects on milk retinol. Infant supplementation, however, increased stores. There is a need for a better understanding of factors affecting absorption and metabolism of vitamin A.

Effect of Subadequate Maternal Vitamin-A Status on Placental Transfer of Retinol and Beta-Carotene to the Human Fetus

Neonatology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dimenstein ◽  
N.M.F. Trugo ◽  
C.M. Donangelo ◽  
L.C. Trugo ◽  
A.S. Anastácio
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status

scholarly journals National immunisation days and vitamin A distribution in Mali: has the vitamin A status of pre-school children improved?

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Schémann ◽  
A Banou ◽  
D Malvy ◽  
A Guindo ◽  
L Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:The impact on vitamin A status of the distribution of vitamin A during national immunisation days (NIDs) has not been well established despite strong promotion by international agencies and donors. Using a pre–post design, the change in prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was examined in pre-school children in Mali.Design:Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Mopti region, the first in March 1997 before this strategy was adopted and the second in March 1999, four-and-a-half months after a mass distribution of vitamin A during NIDs.Subjects and setting:We compared the vitamin A status of children aged 12 to 66 months targeted in 1999 by NIDs with the status of children in the same age group in 1997. Infectious events of the previous two weeks were concurrently recorded. Within the 1999 sample, the status of recipient and non-recipient children was also compared.Results:In 1997, the prevalence of xerophthalmia (defined by the presence of night blindness and/or Bitot spots) was 6.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1–9.2) and the modified retinol dose response (MRDR) test proved abnormal in 77.8% of 12–66-month-old children (95% CI 68.27–85.17). In 1999 this picture had improved significantly, both for xerophthalmia prevalence, 3.3% (95% CI 2.1–5.2), and abnormal MRDR test response, 63.1% (95% CI 54.25–71.23). The infectious morbidity rates between 1997 and 1999 tended to decrease. No significant improvement was found among children older than those targeted by NIDs. In 1999, children who received vitamin A had a lower risk for xerophthalmia (3.0% for recipients vs. 8.7% for non-recipients) and experienced fewer infectious events.Conclusions:The clinical and biological vitamin A status of pre-school children improved between 1997 and 1999. Mass distribution of vitamin A appears to reduce the occurrence of xerophthalmia and would seem to be associated with a decrease in other related illnesses. Vitamin A supplementation during NIDs should be given a high priority when vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PREPUBERTAL DAIRY HEIFERS ON LOW OR HIGH β-CAROTENE DIETS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-489
Author(s):  
F. R. TEKPETEY ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Β Carotene

Twenty 5-mo-old heifers were assigned randomly to either a no-carotene or a carotene-supplemented grain ration (2–2.5 kg head−1 d−1) for a 10-mo trial to investigate the effect of β-carotene deficiency on pre and postpuberal reproductive performance. All heifers received, ad libitum, a low-carotene basal forage of corn silage, weathered hay and/or straw. Mean serum β-carotene and vitamin A were higher (P < 0.05) in the carotene-supplemented heifers. Beta-carotene supplementation improved (P < 0.05) overall average daily gain, but had no effect on mean age and body weight at puberty, estrous cycle length and services per conception. Mean serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) estradiol-17β, LH and FSH from prepuberty to day 17 of the first estrous cycle were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. Total P4 output during the estrous cycle did not differ between control and β-carotene-supplemented heifers. However, intensity of estrus was weaker (P < 0.01) and interval (h) from LH peak to ovulation was longer (P < 0.01) in the control (low-carotene) heifers. Key words: β-carotene, vitamin A, reproductive performance, prepubertal dairy heifers

scholarly journals Hot environment on reproductive performance, immunoglobulins, vitamin E, and vitamin A status in sows and their progeny under commercial husbandry

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Amavizca-Nazar ◽  
Maricela Montalvo-Corral ◽  
Humberto González-Rios ◽  
Araceli Pinelli-Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Vitamin A Status

scholarly journals Comparison of Inflammation Adjustment Strategies for Retinol-binding Protein in Acute and Convalescent Serum of Patients with Acute Febrile Illness in Guayaquil, Ecuador (P10-095-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Colt ◽  
Washington Cárdenas ◽  
Mildred Zambrano Leal ◽  
Joyce Andrade Velasquez ◽  
David Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Adjustment Strategies

Abstract Objectives 1. Assess serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) among clinical participants at two time points: during the onset of acute febrile illness and again during the convalescent recovery phase. 2. Apply and compare several inflammation adjustment strategies for determining vitamin A status. Methods Patients presenting with acute febrile illness were enrolled. Participants were asked to return for a follow-up convalescent visit 2–4 weeks later. Comprehensive demographic and clinical information along with blood samples were collected at both visits. RBP, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured by ELISA, (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by magnetic bead multiplex assay, (EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA). Continuous RBP was adjusted using the Thurnham correction factor (TCF), the BRINDA regression correction (BRC), and the CRP-only adjustment factor (CAF). An interleukin 6 (IL-6) regression model was also applied to adjust RBP based on IL-6 concentrations for participants with CRP ≥5 mg/L. Adjusted RBP concentrations were compared between paired visits using non-parametric paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results Blood samples were collected from 18 participants during acute and convalescent phase visits. The unadjusted median (quartile 1-quartile 3) RBP concentration (µmol/L) during the acute visit, 1.02 (0.90–1.21), was lower than the convalescent visit, 1.57 (1.26–1.75), P = 0.0004. After applying the TCF, BRC, and CAF, median RBP between visits differed significantly, similar to the unadjusted RBP. RBP adjusted using the IL-6 regression model was not significantly different between paired visits 1 and 2, 1.40 (1.11–1.76) and 1.62 (1.26–1.97) respectively, P = 0.12. Conclusions Circulating unadjusted RBP concentrations were significantly lower in participants during the acute illness phase compared to the convalescent recovery phase. Under the assumption that underlying vitamin A status remains constant during a 2–4 week period, adjusting RBP for IL-6 in participants with CRP ≥5 mg/L was the only strategy in which adjusted RBP did not differ significantly between paired visits. Funding Sources NIH National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH Office of Research on Women's Health.

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