RELATION OF PREPUBERTAL SERUM STEROID PROFILES TO FIRST LACTATION MILK YIELD

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. MARCUS ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER ◽  
A. J. HACKETT
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Steroid Profiles ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Highly Correlated

Correlation between prepubertal serum sex steroids and subsequent lactation performance was investigated with 98 Holstein, Ayrshire and crossbred heifers in the hope of finding a precise criterion for early selection. Blood samples were collected from the heifers at 100, 130, 160 and 190 d of age. Initially samples from the first 25 animals to provide a complete set of samples and completing their first lactation, were analyzed for progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and estradiol. The relation between each steroid level at each age and first lactation milk yield was assessed by linear regression analysis. Day 130 androstenedione was found to be the variable most highly correlated with milk production. The day 130 steroid levels of all 98 heifers were then analyzed and relation of steroid level to first lactation milk yield was assessed by multiple linear regression procedures which treated breed as a dummy variable. Although the best model using the complete set of data accounted for 23% (R2) of the variation in milk production, 18% was due to breed alone. The reported usefulness of prepubertal steroid levels for predicting lactation performance was not confirmed. Key words: Prediction, lactation yield, steroids, heifers

scholarly journals Pasture species and drought impacts on milk yield 2. Predicted farm milk yield at four sites

1998 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Barker ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
J.N. Couchman ◽  
R.N. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Farm System

A desirable option for increasing milk yield per farm is to increase milk production in summer without compromising peak-season production or the duration of lactation. The dairy industry has a goal to achieve a 4% per month post-peak decline of milk production. The effect of five pasture types and two summer water regimes on predicted farm milk yield, in Northland, Waikato, Manawatu and Canterbury was measured over 1 year. Two pasture treatments, resident pasture and Grasslands Nui ryegrass, were common to all sites. A third pasture treatment varied between sites: triple mix (Grasslands Advance tall fescue, Grasslands Kara cocksfoot, and Grasslands Maru phalaris) at the Manawatu site; the same triple mix but with Grasslands Raki paspalum at the Northland site; and low-endophyte ryegrass and Grasslands Kahu timothy (LER) at the Canterbury site; all sown treatments included red and white clover. All five pasture types were included at the Waikato site. On average for all pasture types, water deficit reduced summer herbage accumulation (HA) to 79, 68, 43 and 18% of irrigated controls, and annual HA to 88, 80, 73 and 63% of irrigated controls in Northland, Waikato, Manawatu and Canterbury, respectively. Since farm milk yield predicted by UDDER was highly correlated with annual HA (R2 = 83%), the effects of pasture type and water deficit on milk yield were similar to effects on HA. Seasonal and annual HA differed among the five pasture types at each of the four sites. The most important factor affecting predicted farm milk yield was annual HA, with relatively little effect from the seasonal pattern of pasture growth. Differences in shapes of the predicted milk supply curves for various treatments occurred, particularly when drought forced early drying-off. The best predicted summer milk yield was for the Canterbury irrigated LER pasture treatment, a 6.8% per month postpeak decline of milk production. Keywords: farm milk yield, farm system modelling, forage supply, pasture species, water deficit

MILK PRODUCTION IN CATTALO COWS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CALF GAINS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. KELLER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain

Milk yield in 91 lactations from cattalo cows averaging about 14% bison–86% Hereford was estimated by five milkings during 185-day intervals in each of the years 1961–1963 at the Agriculture Canada Experimental Farm, Manyberries, Alberta. Estimated 24-h milk yield was highest in June (6.36 ± 0.17 kg) and lowest near the termination of lactation in October (3.16 ± 0.08 kg). Total estimated milk yield (TMY) from parturition to the end of the 185-day lactation period was 938 ± 22 kg. Age of dam was a major source of variation in TMY and TMY decreased by 10.8 ± 5.3 kg for each percent increase in bison percentage of dam (B % dam). Gain from birth to 185 days of age (TGAIN) of cattalo calves was highly correlated with TMY (r = 0.79) and periodic milk yields throughout the lactation period (r = 0.59–0.76), with TGAIN being greatest in calves from older dams (5–9 yr). Correlations of mean percent fat (%F), protein (%P), and solids-not-fat (%SNF) in the milk from cattalo dams with calf TGAIN were generally low and inconclusive due to small sampling numbers. Although milk yield decreased through the lactation period, %F, %P, and %SNF in the milk increased proportionally. B-% dam did not influence average daily gain between milkings or TGAIN of calves to any appreciable extent. TMY accounted for 75% of the known variation in TGAIN and calves were found to be 0.057 ± 0.005 kg heavier at 185 days of age for each 1-kg increase in TMY.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Anton Vorina ◽  
Tina Ojsteršek
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper examines the correlation between leadership styles and employee engagement. For the purpose of our research, we have used a random sample of 594 respondents who are employed in both the public and the private sector in Slovenia. The main goal of the research is to contribute to the understanding of how one independent variable (X1- a Dummy variable for Leadership style; X1= 0 mostly or over 50% of the leaders use the autocratic style of leadership; X1= 1 otherwise) impacts the Y variable (employee engagement). Online surveys combined with face-to-face as well as online interviews were carried out from 4 January to 14 March 2016. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS 20 has been used and linear regression analysis applied. Based on the linear regression F (1, 586) =1.786, p-value = 0.182, R-square = 0.003), we have found out that there is not any statistically significant (at the 5% significance level) correlation between leadership style and employee engagement. We have also come to a conclusion that autocratic style is mainly used in employee management by Slovenian leaders. Moreover, there is no statistically significant difference at the 5% significance level in leadership styles that are used between genders.

scholarly journals Correlation of Online Physician Rating Subscores and Association With Overall Satisfaction: Observational Study of 212,933 Providers

10.2196/11258 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e11258
Author(s):  
Hanson Hanqing Zhao ◽  
Michael Luu ◽  
Brennan Spiegel ◽  
Timothy John Daskivich
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Highly Correlated

Background Online physician rating websites commonly ask consumers to rate providers across multiple physician-based (eg, spending sufficient time, listening) and office-based (eg, appointment scheduling, friendliness) subdimensions of care in addition to overall satisfaction. However, it is unclear if consumers can differentiate between the various rated subdimensions of physicians. It is also unclear how each subdimension is related to overall satisfaction. Objective The objectives of our study were to determine the correlation of physician-based and office-based subdimensions of care and the association of each with overall satisfaction. Methods We sampled 212,933 providers from the Healthgrades website and calculated average provider metrics for overall satisfaction (likelihood to recommend doctor), physician-based subdimensions (trust in physician, ability to explain, ability to listen and answer questions, and spending adequate time), and office-based subdimensions (ease of scheduling, office environment, staff friendliness, and wait time). We used Spearman rank correlation to assess correlation between subdimension ratings. Factor analysis was used to identify potential latent factors predicting overall satisfaction. Univariate and multivariable linear regression were performed to assess the effect of physician and office-based factors on overall satisfaction. Results Physician-based metrics were highly correlated with each other (r=.95 to .98, P<.001), as were office-based metrics (r=.84 to .88, P<.001). Correlations between physician-based and office-based ratings were less robust (r=.79 to .81, P<.001). Factor analysis identified two factors, clearly distinguishing between physician-based metrics (factor loading = 0.84 to 0.88) and office-based metrics (factor loading = 0.76 to 0.84). In multivariable linear regression analysis, the composite factor representing physician-based metrics (0.65, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.65) was more strongly associated with overall satisfaction than the factor representing office-based metrics (0.42, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.42). These factors eclipsed other demographic variables in predicting overall satisfaction. Conclusions Consumers do not differentiate between commonly assessed subdimensions of physician-based care or subdimensions of office-based care, but composite factors representing these broader categories are associated with overall satisfaction. These findings argue for a simpler ratings system based on two metrics: one addressing physician-based aspects of care and another addressing office-based aspects of care.

scholarly journals Correlation of Online Physician Rating Subscores and Association With Overall Satisfaction: Observational Study of 212,933 Providers (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanson Hanqing Zhao ◽  
Michael Luu ◽  
Brennan Spiegel ◽  
Timothy John Daskivich
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Physician Rating ◽  
Highly Correlated

BACKGROUND Online physician rating websites commonly ask consumers to rate providers across multiple physician-based (eg, spending sufficient time, listening) and office-based (eg, appointment scheduling, friendliness) subdimensions of care in addition to overall satisfaction. However, it is unclear if consumers can differentiate between the various rated subdimensions of physicians. It is also unclear how each subdimension is related to overall satisfaction. OBJECTIVE The objectives of our study were to determine the correlation of physician-based and office-based subdimensions of care and the association of each with overall satisfaction. METHODS We sampled 212,933 providers from the Healthgrades website and calculated average provider metrics for overall satisfaction (likelihood to recommend doctor), physician-based subdimensions (trust in physician, ability to explain, ability to listen and answer questions, and spending adequate time), and office-based subdimensions (ease of scheduling, office environment, staff friendliness, and wait time). We used Spearman rank correlation to assess correlation between subdimension ratings. Factor analysis was used to identify potential latent factors predicting overall satisfaction. Univariate and multivariable linear regression were performed to assess the effect of physician and office-based factors on overall satisfaction. RESULTS Physician-based metrics were highly correlated with each other (<i>r</i>=.95 to .98, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), as were office-based metrics (<i>r</i>=.84 to .88, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Correlations between physician-based and office-based ratings were less robust (<i>r</i>=.79 to .81, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Factor analysis identified two factors, clearly distinguishing between physician-based metrics (factor loading = 0.84 to 0.88) and office-based metrics (factor loading = 0.76 to 0.84). In multivariable linear regression analysis, the composite factor representing physician-based metrics (0.65, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.65) was more strongly associated with overall satisfaction than the factor representing office-based metrics (0.42, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.42). These factors eclipsed other demographic variables in predicting overall satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Consumers do not differentiate between commonly assessed subdimensions of physician-based care or subdimensions of office-based care, but composite factors representing these broader categories are associated with overall satisfaction. These findings argue for a simpler ratings system based on two metrics: one addressing physician-based aspects of care and another addressing office-based aspects of care.

scholarly journals production of milk yield from udder circumference and distance between teats in West African Dwarf and red Sokoto goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M.N. Benji ◽  
O.A Osinowu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
West African ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Independent Variables

Udder circumference (UD) and distance between teats (DBT) measured before and after  milking were used to determine CUC (UC before milking minus UC after milking) and CDT (DBT before milking minus DBT after milking).  All four parameters were utilized as independent variables in two milk yeild from 202 weekly records of 17 lactating does, consisting of 8 West African Dwarf (WAD) and 9 Red sokoto (RS) goats. WAD and RS goats hadsimilar mean values for daily milk yield ( 270.34±12.47 ml vs 245.26±14.51 ml) and UC(28.49±0.33 vs 28.49± 0.13 cm). Both models had significant ( P<0.001) R2 values ranging from 0.244 to 0.757. UC was the best index of milk yeild (R2=0.688) followed by CUC (R2=0.467) in the linear regressionequation while DBT and CDT yeilded lower R2 Values (0.244 vs 0.258).  Inclusion of all four parameters in the multiple linear regression equation yeilded the highest R2 (0.757). The predictive equation was Y= 441.443 + 25.739X1 + 23.349-21.265X2 +61.080X4 in which Y is milk yeilded, Xi , X4  represent UC, CUC, DBT and CDT respectively. Positive and significant (P<0.001) phenotypic correlations were observed between UCand milk yeilded (0.759), CUC and milk yeilded (0.690). DBT and milk yield (0.498), CDT and milk yield(0.508). In the current practice of collecting collecting weekly records, early prediction of future milk production from udder circumference measured prior to milking will be accurate using linear regression predictive equation. Alternatively, if more traits related to udder size such as UC, CUC,DBT and CDT are incorporated as independent variables in multiple linear regression equation, milk production would be predicted with better accuracy.

Effect of by-pass protein supplements on milk production of dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Puja Thapa ◽  
Thaneshwar Pandey ◽  
Rabin Acharya ◽  
Bhargab Dhital
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
T1 And T2

Bypass protein stimulates the voluntary feed intake, increase quality milk production and thereby improves the economic status of dairy cows farming. This study was conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of bypass protein on lactation performance of dairy cattle. The experiment was conducted by using 2 factorial completely randomized designs. Milk yield of individual animal was recorded daily and milk composition was recorded at fortnight interval. Results revealed that the average daily milk yield of cows fed with Heat treated soyabean cake-T1 (4.29 L) was greater than cows fed with formalin treated soyabean cake-T2 (3.56 L) followed by control group-T3 (2.62 L). . The fortnight average milk protein and fat percentages were 2.91, 2.94 and 3.18% and 5.52, 5.55 and 4.47% for T0, T1 and T2 groups respectively. The weekly average milk SNF and milk density were 8.12, 8.37 and 8.64 % and 25.67, 27.80 and 27.10%, for group T0, T1 and T2 respectively. Experiment revealed that by-pass protein supplementation to lactating animals is one of the option for improving the milk production and milk composition and suggested that further study should be conducted to precise the optimum level of bypass protein supplementation and to quantify the experimental period.

Effect of condensed tannins inLotus corniculatusupon lactation performance in ewes

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
G. B. Douglas ◽  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
A. G. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Secretion Rates

SUMMARYA grazing experiment was conducted for 8 weeks in the spring/summer of 1993 at Palmerston North, New Zealand, to study the effects of condensed tannins (CT) inLotus corniculatus(birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie) upon the lactation performance of ewes rearing twin lambs. Effects of CT were evaluated by studying the responses of ewes to twice daily oral supplementation with polyethylene glycol (PEG; MW 3500), which binds and inactivates CT. A rotational grazing system with restricted feed allowance was used. Measurements were made of pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, the composition of the feed on offer and diet selected, voluntary feed intake (VF1), milk yield and composition, liveweight gain and wool production. The concentration of metabolites in rumen fluid and in blood plasma was also measured. Lotus contained 35–5 g total nitrogen and 44–5 g total CT/kg dry matter in the diet selected, with anin vitrodigestibility of 73%. At peak lactation (weeks 3 and 4) milk yield and composition were similar for control (CT-acting) and PEG-supplemented (CTinactivated) ewes but, as lactation progressed, the decline in milk production and in the secretion rates of protein and lactose were less for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes. In mid and late lactation (weeks 6–11), control ewes secreted more milk (21 %), more milk protein (14%) and more lactose (12%) than PEG-supplemented ewes. Milk fat percentage was lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes, but secretion rates of fat were similar for the two groups. VFI, liveweight gain and wool growth were similar for both groups. Plasma urea and glucose concentrations were lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes, but concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), growth hormone and insulin were similar for the two groups. The concentrations of ammonia and molar proportions ofiso-butyric,iso-andn-valeric acids in rumen fluid were lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes; molar proportions of acetic, propionic and H-butyric acids were similar for the two groups. It was concluded that for ewes rearing twin lambs grazingL. corniculatus, the action of CT increased milk yield and the secretion rates of protein and lactose without affecting VFI, thereby increasing the efficiency of milk production. The increased milk production did not appear to be mediated by effects on plasma concentrations of growth hormone or insulin.

Transferrin (β-globulin) type and milk and butterfat production in dairy cows

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ashton ◽  
G. R. Fallon ◽  
D. N. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Jersey Cows

1. The transferrin types of 225 Jersey cows in thirteen herds, and 433 Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows in twenty-four herds in Queensland were determined. The effect of transferrin type on lactation length, milk yield, butterfat yield and butterfat percentage was assessed by a leastsquares multiple linear regression analysis.2. The results for the two breeds did not differ significantly. Combining the data from both breeds, it was found that on average D/D cows had lactations 13·9 days longer than A/A cows (P < 0·01), and yielded 449·7 lb. more mills (P < 0·01). The results for A/D cows were intermediate.

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