Ruminal degradation characteristics of corn and corn–sunflower intercropped silages prepared at two stages of maturity

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
L. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Two Stages

The degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM), protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of corn–sunflower intercrop silage (CSS) and monoculture corn silage (CS) prepared from whole plants, harvested at two stages of maturity, were compared using eight mature rumen-cannulated steers. The degradation characteristics were determined by incubating the silages in nylon bags for up to 72 h in the rumen of animals fed the respective silages. The degradation characteristics determined for the silages were the soluble fraction, the insoluble but degradable fractions, the rate of degradation of the degradable fractions of silage DM and protein, and the in situ disappearance of NDF and ADF after 0.5 and 72 h of incubation. The rate of particulate passage from the rumen was determined using chromium-mordanted NDF of the four silages. Values were used to estimate effectively degraded DM and protein. The rates of DM and protein degradation were highest for late-cut CSS (6.3 and 6.0% h−1, respectively) and the least for late-cut CS (2.5 and 0.8% h−1, respectively). Averaged across stages of maturity, more (P < 0.05) DM and protein were effectively degraded with CSS (57.4 and 70.1%, respectively) than with CS (48.8 and 48.7%). Degradation of NDF in early-cut CSS was lower (P < 0.05) than in CS after 72 h of incubation. ADF disappearance from all of the silages after 72 h of incubation was similar. Ruminal degradation of DM and protein in CSS was greater than in CS, which may affect efficiency of utilization of CSS. Key words: Degradation rate, effective degradability, corn silage, intercropped corn–sunflower, steers

scholarly journals Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
B Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Cláudia Batista Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Woven Textile ◽  
Internal Markers

Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E. and Sampaio, C. B. 2015. Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 493–498. Textile bags are used in the laboratory to analyze the indigestible contents (internal markers) of feedstuffs after in situ ruminal incubation. Information is needed on the rate and extent of degradation in the rumen using bags made from different materials. In situ techniques have been used extensively to measure the degradation of feedstuffs in the rumen. However, in situ techniques are prone to variability. This paper reviews the effects of particle size, the material from which bags are made, pore size, tensile strength of the bags, in situ estimation of the levels of indigestible compounds [indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF)], rumen degradation profiles, and the use of bags made from nylon (50 µm), F57 (Ankom®), and non-woven textile (100 g m−2).

scholarly journals Degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca, proteína y fibra del forraje de morera (Morus alba).

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The purpose of this study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and their fractions, contained in regrowth of mulberry at 56, 84 and 112 days. The degradation of leaves, stems and the whole plant was calculated. The potential degradability of these three components diminished as the regrowth aged. The soluble fraction of the dry matter was reduced from 29% to 25% in the leaves and from 27% to 19% in the stems between the 56th and the112th day. The degradable fraction in the stem remained constant (61-63%) on the three measuring days, with ruminal degradation levels of 14%, 10% and 9%/h respectively. In the stem the degradable fraction diminished from 42% to 30% between the 56th and 112th day, with degradation speeds of 8.4%, 6.7 % and 5.3%/h. The soluble crude protein diminished with age from 41% to 33% in the entire plant and the degradable fraction remained constant between 49% and 51%. The degradation rate was higher than 9.4%/h. The neutral detergent fiber had a degradable fraction of 71%, 62% y 43% on the 56th, 84th and 112th day, with degradation rates of 13%, 10% y 9%/h respectively. The degradation of the neutral detergent fiber began in the rumen with a lag time of 1.5 to 3.2 hours.

scholarly journals In situ degradability of elephant grass ensiled with increasing levels of pineapple agro-industrial by-product

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira ◽  
Norberto Mario Rodriguez ◽  
José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽  
Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel ◽  
Silas Primola Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Potential Alternative

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose of elephant grass (Pennisetumpurpureum, Schum.) with increasing levels (0; 35.0; 70.0, 105.0, and 140.0 g kg-1) of dried pineapple (Ananascomosus, L.) by-product (DPBP). The experimental silos consisted of plastic drums with 210 L capacity. After weighing and homogenizing the elephant grass with the DABP, the material was inserted in the silos (126 kg silage, at a density of 600 kg m-3) and compressed. After 45 days of ensilage, silos were opened and samples of the silages were collected for the trial. The study of degradability in situ was conducted using a rumen-fistulated male cattle. The animal was fed with corn silage supplemented with 1 kg concentrate daily. Five levels of addition of the by-product were tested, with three replicates and five times of incubation with an animal. The experimental design was completely randomized with split plots, in which the proportions of DPBP were the treatments (plots), the different silos were the replicates, and the incubation times were the subplots. The levels of inclusion of DPBP provided an increase (P &lt; 0.05) in disappearance of DM and CP and in the effective degradability of DM, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose. The dried pineapple by-product is a potential alternative to be used as additive in the ensilage of elephant grass, as it provides an increase in the rumen degradability parameters.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals Nitrogen degradation of the limestone-urea mixtures in the rumen of goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
M. A. Harahap ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
E. Pangestu ◽  
F. Wahyono ◽  
J. Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Central Java Province

This experiment was aimed to study the degradation kinetics of limestone-urea mixtures in the goats rumen using the nylon bag technique. Samples of limestone were obtained from two limestone mountains, Pamotan Subdistrict of Central Java Province and Wonosari Subdistrict of Yogyakarta Province. The mixtures were created by combining urea at levels 25, 50, 75and 100%; respectively with two limestones on the basis of their Ca contents: L0U100, LP25U75, LP50U50; LP75U25, LW25U75; LW50U50; and LW75U25. The soluble fraction, potentially degradable fraction, the degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction, and effective degradation of respective dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) ruminal degradation kinetics were measured in each mixture. The mixture of LP75U25 had lowest effective and degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction (P<0.05) respectively for DM and N compared with those of other mixtures. In conclusion, the limestone-urea mixture of LP75U25 could be suggested as a dietary supplement of ruminal N slow release.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Production Based on Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Fertilizers for Ruminant Feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Elane Tyara de Jesus Siqueira ◽  
Rosane Claudia Rodrigues ◽  
José Roberto Brito Freitas ◽  
André Da Silva Alves ◽  
Zinaldo Firmino da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Sources

Sugarcane may be a potential feed source for ruminants in tropical and subtropical areas. An important factor that can influence the nutritional quality of sugarcane for animal feeding is nitrogen fertilization management, however, studies on this subject are still scarce. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on the quality and productivity of sugarcane as a forage resource. The variety of sugarcane used was RB92579, with application of nitrogen (N) sources (urea, poultry litter, swine manure) and control (without N application). Stalk productivity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, Brix, NDF / Brix ratio, and in situ digestibility were analyzed during incubation periods of 6, 24, and 72 hours. At the end of the study, it was found that the N sources did not interfere with sugarcane stalk productivity (P> 0.05), with an average productivity of 102 t ha-1. The N treatments did not influence (P> 0.05) in the nutritional quality of sugarcane, when evaluating the contents of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, Brix and NDF / Brix ratio. The dry matter degradation had an effect (P <0.05) for the different N sources and incubation times, where poultry litter and swine manure treatments showed higher values for degradation at 72 hours of incubation. The different N organic sources did not interfere in the chemical composition and productivity of the sugarcane culture, however it presented better results in the in situ degradability of the dry matter. This, it can be recommended that mineral nitrogen fertilizers can be replaced by organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals 55 The influence of kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) age on in situ rumen degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Joseph Gulizia ◽  
Kevin Downs ◽  
Song Cui
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Pueraria Montana

Abstract Early and late season kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) leaves were collected to analyze dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in situ rumen disappearance to assess kudzu quality. Four studies were conducted during different growing seasons [2 repeated early season (ES); 2 repeated late season (LS) to determine age variability effects. Kudzu collected from 7 middle Tennessee counties were incubated in the rumen for designated lengths of time (0.25, 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) to determine total rumen degradation (%) and rate of disappearance (% / h). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with repeated measures. Regression analysis was used to determine degradation rate. Overall season effects (across incubation times) for dry matter disappearance (DMD) were significantly different (P < 0.0001). Significant season by incubation time interactions were exhibited for total DMD at 12 (P < 0.0001), 24 (P = 0.0004), 36 (P = 0.0055), 48 (P = 0.0209), and 72 h (P = 0.0384) incubation, with an average rumen degradability of ES kudzu being 9.75% higher than LS between 12 and 72 h. Slope regression between 1 and 24 h determined a rumen degradation rate of 2.41% / h across both seasons, with no significant seasonal difference (P = 0.3396). These results are indicative that ES kudzu is more highly rumen degradable than LS, as evidenced by the significant season by incubation time interactions between 12 and 72 h of incubation. Although there are significant seasonal effects on kudzu DMD during certain incubation times, DMD overall for ES and LS is still indicative of high rumen degradability with an average of 81.45% at 72 h across both seasons. Season effects were minimal for NDF, ADF, and CP rumen disappearance.

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

scholarly journals Bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of Xaraés palisade grass under grazing in integrated systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53004
Author(s):  
Francyelle Ruana Faria da Silva ◽  
Ana Karina Dias Salman ◽  
Pedro Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38% vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

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