Comparative yield and feeding value of barley, oat and triticale silages

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
A. S. Vaage
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Barley Silage

The yield and feeding value of barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Johnson'), oat (Avena sativa 'Calibre') and triticale(Triticosecale 'Carmen') silages were compared in a field study, a heifer growth trial (119 d in length, with four pens of eight Charolais cross heifers (average body weight 300 kg) per treatment), and a sheep digestibility trial (total fecal collection with eight sheep per treatment). The swathed and chopped plant material was ensiled in stack silos covered with plastic. Yields of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among species. At harvest, oat and triticale had greater acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels than barley. After ensiling, triticale alone had greater neutral detergent fiber, ADF and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen levels than the other silages. The three silages did not otherwise differ in chemical composition. Heifer intakes of barley (6.06 kg d−1) and oat (5.70 kg d−1) silage DM were similar, and greater than for triticale (4.86 kg d−1). Average daily gain was greatest with barley (0.65 kg d−1), intermediate with oat (0.57 kg d−1) and least with triticale (0.49 kg d−1). Intake of silage DM by the sheep was greatest with barley silage (741 g d−1), intermediate with oat (617 g d−1) and least with triticale (434 g d−1), which appeared less palatable than the other silages. Dry matter and CP digestibilities were greatest for barley silage (64.2 and 71.6%, versus 58.3. and 61.1% for oat, and 58.8 and 65.4% for triticale, respectively). Oat silage had the lowest fiber digestibility. Sheep given triticale silage had lower rumen fluid volatile fatty acid concentrations, apparently due to low DM intake. Oat silage gave a greater molar proportion of acetate, a lower proportion of propionate, and a higher acetate to propionate ratio than either barley or triticale. Triticale silage produced a greater molar proportion of acetate and a lower proportion of butyrate than barley silage. Based on animal performance, it was concluded that barley silage was the preferred of the three cereal silages for growing cattle. Triticale produced a less acceptable silage due to poor palatability and low DM intake. Key words: Cattle, sheep, cereal silage, forage quality, digestibility

scholarly journals Use of barley silage or corn silage with dry-rolled barley, corn, or a blend of barley and corn on predicted nutrient total tract digestibility and growth performance of backgrounding steers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B.D. Sutherland ◽  
J.A. Johnson ◽  
J.J. McKinnon ◽  
T.A. McAllister ◽  
G.B. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Barley Silage

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding barley silage (BS) or corn silage (CS) with dry-rolled barley (BG), dry-rolled corn (CG), or a blend of barley and corn grain (BCG), on growth performance and nutrient digestibility, the latter predicted using near-infrared spectroscopy for backgrounding cattle. Steers (n = 288) were stratified by body weight (BW) into 24 pens and pens were randomly assigned to one of six treatments (n = 4) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Main factors included BS or CS in combination with BG, CG, or BCG. There were no silage × grain interactions. Dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.018) and final BW (P = 0.004) were greater for steers fed CS than BS, but average daily gain (1.01 kg d−1) and gain-to-feed ratio (0.10 kg kg−1) were not affected by silage or grain source. Steers fed CS also had greater dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), starch, and gross energy digestibility values (P < 0.01) than BS. Feeding BG increased starch, neutral detergent fiber, ADF, and CP digestibility values (P ≤ 0.01) over CG and BCG. Relative to BS, feeding CS increased DMI, final BW, and nutrient digestibility, whereas dry-rolled BG improved nutrient digestibility when compared with CG and BCG in backgrounding diets.

FEEDING VALUE FOR LAMBS OF FABABEAN, FIELD PEA, CORN AND OAT SILAGES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
S. E. BEACOM
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Whole crop fababeans, corn and oats were ensiled in 3 consecutive yr, while whole crop field peas were included in the last 2 yr of the study. Corn was harvested at the early milk stage in 1974, at the late milk stage in 1975 (in both cases after a killing frost), and at the mature stage before frost in 1976. All other crops were harvested in the dough stage. Silages were evaluated using feeding trials with crossbred lambs. Dry matter intake and average daily gain were greater (P < 0.05) for lambs fed fababean silage than for those fed corn or oat silage. Feed intake and rate of gain for lambs fed field pea silage tended to be slightly lower than for those fed fababean silage, but the differences were significant in only 1 of the 2 yr. Frozen immature corn ensiled in 1974 resulted in extremely low dry matter intake and gain, but in the other 2 yr the values for corn silage were equal to that of oat silage. Organic matter digestibility of fababean silage was equal to that of oat silage during 1 yr, but greater (P < 0.05) during the other 2 yr of the test. Mean energy digestibility (final 2 yr) was 70.6, 73.2, 64.1 and 68.1% for fababean, field pea, oat and corn silage, respectively. The results indicate that protein content, energy digestibility, and voluntary intake of whole crop fababean and field pea silage are all relatively high.

Effects of barley silage particle size and concentrate level on rumen kinetic parameters and fermentation patterns in steers

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Soita ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Concentrate Level

Four Hereford steers (471 ± 31 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the effects and possible interactions between silage particle size and concentrate level on digestion and ruminal fermentation parameters. Diets were designed with two forage to concentrate ratios [low forage, 20:80, high forage, 50:50 on a dry matter (DM) basis], combined with two theoretical chop lengths of barley silage; short (SBS) = 4.7 mm and long (LBS) =18.8 mm. Results showed that steers fed diets with SBS consumed more DM than those fed LBS. An interaction (P < 0.05) between particle size and concentrate level was noted for molar proportion of acetate. At the higher concentrate level, feeding SBS diets reduced the molar proportion of acetate but increased the molar proportion of propionate. An interaction (P < 0.05) between particle size and concentrate level was noted for ruminal pH. When compared to LBS, the daily mean rumen pH was lower (P < 0.05) for steers fed SBS with 80% concentrate but not for those fed the 50% concentrate diet. Ruminal ammonia concentration was higher (P < 0.05) for those steers fed the 50% concentrate diets than for those fed the 80% concentrate diets. With high concentrate levels, SBS greatly reduced (P < 0.05) ammonia concentration. Passage rates for particulate matter and the retention time were decreased (P < 0.05) when SBS was fed. Feeding SBS reduced (P < 0.05) total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (65.5 vs. 68.5%, 66.5 vs. 73.4% and 39.4 vs. 45.9%), respectively. These results suggest that barley silage with a theoretical cut length of 18.8 mm can promote higher rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, and reduced particulate passage rates. These changes in rumen fermentation parameters should favor optimum rumen function and digestion when high concentrate diets are fed. Key words: Barley silage, particle size, steers, concentrate level, rumen fermentation

scholarly journals 33 Determining the feeding value of hulless barley relative to corn in beef finishing rations

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Thomas B Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Hulless varieties of barley have been developed to improve the digestibility of this small grain. The objective of this project was to determine the feeding value of hulless barley relative to corn in a beef-finishing ration. Angus-cross steers (n = 12) were fed rations that included varying ratios of cracked corn and cracked hulless barley. Steers were stratified by body weight (BW) and allotted to one of four rations: corn, 2:1 ratio of corn to barley, 1:2 ratio of corn to barley, and barley. All treatments included concentrate at 85% and baleage at 15% of total ration dry matter (DM). Rations were fed ad libitum on an individual basis using Calan gates. Feed refusals were measured daily. Steers were weighed and ultrasound 12th rib fat thickness (FT) was measured every 28 d. Steers were harvested at a commercial abattoir when average FT exceeded 0.9 cm. Average daily gain (1.2 kg/d), final BW (653 kg), feed to gain efficiency (10.2:1), and final ultrasound FT (0.94 cm) were not different (P ≥ 0.1486) between treatments. Steer DM intake was lower (P ≤ 0.0496) for those fed corn (9.8 kg/d) compared to those fed barley (12.2 kg/d) or a 1:2 ratio of corn to barley (11.7 kg/d); steer DM intake was similar (P ≥ 0.0640) for those fed a 2:1 ratio of corn to barley compared to those fed the other rations. Finishing ration did not affect hot carcass weight (384 kg; P = 0.7158), carcass FT (1.6 cm; P = 0.9511), ribeye area (87.7 cm^2; P = 0.7184), kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (2.6%; P = 0.3842), and yield grade (3.5; P= 0.8802). Feeding hulless barley compared to corn resulted in similar performance and carcass characteristics when included in beef finishing rations although feed intake was greater when barley exceeded 56% of the ration DM.

Effect of dried distillers’ grains from wheat on diet digestibility and performance of feedlot cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Gibb ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

In a 55-d backgrounding period, 120 (n = 22) British cross heifers (312 ± 20 kg) received diets containing 55% barley silage, 5% supplement and 0 (n = 24), 20 (n = 24), or 40% (n = 22) wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The remainder of the diet was steam-rolled barley. Replacing half (20%) or all (40%) of the barley with DDGS did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.61), average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.86), or gain:feed (P = 0.94), indicating the energy content of DDGS is similar to that of barley when included in backgrounding diets. During a 133-d finishing period, DDGS were included at 0, 20, 40, or 60% of diet dry matter (DM) or at 60% plus additional calcium, provided as 1% limestone (n = 24). Additional calcium did not (P > 0.1) affect DMI, ADG, or gain:feed. Increasing levels of DDGS linearly increased (P = 0.001) DMI and reduced (P = 0.04) gain:feed and diet NEg content (P = 0.001), but had no effect on ADG (P = 0.20). Feeding 60% DDGS reduced (P < 0.01) DM digestibility as compared with the control. Wheat DDGS has similar feeding value as barley when included at 20% of diet DM, but digestibility and energy content decline with higher levels of inclusion. Key words: Beef, digestibility, distillers' dried grains, wheat

Effects of ammoniation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay, stored as large round bales on preservation and feed quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
J. A. Robertson ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
E. Z. Jan ◽  
D. H. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total N ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Large Round

Feeding trials with growing steers and digestibility trials with sheep were conducted during each of 3 yr in a split-split plot design, to compare the effects of anhydrous ammonia (2% wt wt−1, in plastic-covered stacks of large round bales) on preservation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay harvested at < 20 and at 30% moisture with respective field cured (< 20% moisture) nonammoniated hays. Even after 14 wk of storage, the ammoniated high-moisture hays were free of visible molds. Dry matter (DM) recovery varied from 93.9 to 98.7% but was not affected by either moisture content or ammoniation. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.05) acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N) in high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay to 16.8 from 9.7% in nonammoniated hay. Within each type of hay, dry matter intake and average daily gain of growing steers were not affected by treatment. Feed efficiency was reduced (P < 0.05) in animals fed ammoniated high-moisture brome-alfalfa (11.2) but was improved (P < 0.05) in those fed ammoniated high-moisture alfalfa (9.8) when compared with the respective field cured hay (10.1 and 11.4). Compared to nonammoniated hay, ammoniating high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay had no effect on digestibilities of DM and acid detergent fiber (ADF) but decreased and increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. With alfalfa, ammoniation did not affect digestibilities of either low- or high-moisture hay. Rumen volatile fatty acid profiles were not influenced but rumen fluid pH was elevated in sheep fed ammoniated hays. Results indicate that anhydrous ammonia treatment effectively preserved high-moisture alfalfa without adversely affecting nutritional quality parameters. Key words: Ammonia, brome-alfalfa, alfalfa, cattle, sheep, digestibility

IN SITU DEGRADATION OF FEED INGREDIENTS, FERMENTATION PATTERN AND MICROBIAL POPULATION AS INFLUENCED BY RUMINAL AMMONIA CONCENTRATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. SONG ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Barley Silage

Effects of ruminal ammonia concentration on ruminal parameters and in situ degradation of feed ingredients were examined with nonlactating Holstein cows fed a complete mixed diet (70% barley silage and 30% concentrate mixture, dry matter (DM) basis). Ruminal ammonia concentrations of 16.3, 24.8 and 34.9 mg 100 mL−1 were achieved by continuous intraruminal infusions of NH4Cl. Ammonia concentrations in control animals were 11.2 mg 100 mL−1. Ruminal fluid pH decreased (P < 0.05) and blood urea N increased (P < 0.05) with NH4Cl infusion. NH4Cl infusion increased (P < 0.05) viable counts of proteolytic bacteria. Effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM) of concentrate ingredients and crude protein (EDCP) of soybean meal and fish meal were not affected by NH4Cl infusion. But EDCP of corn gluten meal was highest (P < 0.05) at ammonia concentration of 16.3 mg 100 mL−1 rumen fluid and EDDM and neutral detergent fiber (EDNDF) of barley silage decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing NH4Cl infusion. Results are interpreted to indicate that ruminal ammonia concentrations necessary for maximal bacterial growth may differ from concentrations required for maximal degradation of feedstuffs. However, decreased pH associated with NH4Cl infusion may have influenced the results obtained. Key words: Ammonia concentration, bacterial growth, in situ degradation

scholarly journals Feeding Value Assessment of Substituting Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Residue for Concentrate of Dairy Cows Using an In Vitro Gas Test

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Yuhui Zheng ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Shenglin Xue ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Cassava Residue

The feeding value of replacing concentrate with cassava (Manihot esculenta) residue in the feed of Holstein cows was confirmed using an in vitro gas test. The treatments consisted of 0% (control, CON), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% inclusion of cassava residue in fermentation culture medium composed of buffer solution (50 mL) and filtrated rumen fluid (25 mL). The parameters analyzed included the kinetics of gas production and fermentation indexes. Forty-eight hours later, there were no significant differences on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), pH, and microbial crude protein (MCP) content among treatments (p > 0.05). However, the “cumulative gas production at 48 h” (GP48), the “asymptotic gas production” (A), and the “maximum gas production rate” (RmaxG) all increased linearly or quadratically (p < 0.01). The GP48 was significantly higher in the 25% treatment compared to the other treatments, except for the 30% (p < 0.01). The A was significantly larger in the 25% treatment compared to the other treatments, except for the 20% and 30% (p < 0.01). The RmaxG was distinctly larger in the 25% treatment compared to other treatments (p < 0.01); moreover, the “time at which RmaxG is reached” (TRmaxG) and the “time at which the maximum rate of substrate degradation is reached” (TRmaxS) were significantly higher in the 25% treatment than the CON, 20%, and 30% treatments (p < 0.01). Additionally, the content of ammonia-N (NH3-N) in all treatments showed linearly and quadratically decreases (p < 0.01), whereas total volatile fatty acid (VFA), iso-butyrate, butyrate, and iso-valerate contents changed quadratically (p = 0.02, p = 0.05, p = 0.01, and p = 0.02, respectively); all of these values peaked in the 25% treatment. In summary, the 25% treatment was associated with more in vitro gas and VFA production, indicating that this cassava residue inclusion level may be used to replace concentrate in the feed of Holstein cows. However, these results need to be verified in vivo.

scholarly journals The Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Black Baladi Kids Fed Diets with Graded Quantities of Sweet Lupin Grain (Lupinus angustifolius)

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Belal S. Obeidat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

A study was conducted to examine how lupin grains (LUPs) feeding affected nutritional intake, digestibility, growth, and carcass characteristics in kids. A total of 24 growing black kids (initial body weight (BW) = 16.4 ± 0.49 kg) were allocated to one of three diets at random. Lupin was included in the diet at a rate of 0 (control; CON), 100 (LUP100), or 200 g/kg (LUP200) of total dry matter (DM). The trial lasted for 91 days divided into 7 and 84 days to be used for adaptation and data collection, respectively. Feed intake was evaluated daily throughout the study. At the commencement and the end of the study, each kid’s body weight was measured to determine its average daily gain (ADG). On day 70, 5 kids were chosen at random from each group to investigate nutrient in vivo digestibility and N balance. At the end of the study, all of the kids were slaughtered to examine carcass features. Nutrient intakes (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract) were higher (p ≤ 0.01) in LUP-containing diets than in the CON diet. The average daily gain was greater (p ≤ 0.03) in diets containing lupin grains than in the CON diet. Cost of gain ($US/kg growth) was lower (p = 0.004) in kids fed diets containing lupin than the CON diet. Dry matter and CP digestibility rates were greater (p ≤ 0.03) in lupin diets. Retained N was higher (p = 0.04) in lupin-containing diets than in the CON diet. Cold carcass weight was higher (p < 0.05) for kids consuming the LUP100 diet than the CON diet. In lupin diets, carcass cut weights were higher (p < 0.05). Results of the current study indicate that feeding black kids diets containing lupin grains at 100 or 200 g/kg DM basis is cost effective and would increase profitability.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
G. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Three factorial experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of dry barley (DB) and high-moisture barley (HMB), and to evaluate the influence of method of ensiling (Pit vs. Harvestore® (HAV) silo), source of roughage (hay vs. silage), and level of concentrate (90 vs. 75%) on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In exp. 1, 252 steers (initial wt 357 kg) were assigned on the basis of weight to six treatments (two pens × 21 animals per pen). A mixed diet consisting of 85.2% barley grain (dry matter (DM) basis) was offered free choice. The barley portion of the ration consisted of either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% DB with the balance being HMB from a pit silo. The sixth treatment consisted of feeding 100% HMB for the first 57 d and 100% DB for the remainder of the trial. Overall average daily gain (ADG) for steers fed 100% DB (1.70 kg d−1) was significantly higher than observed for animals fed 100, 75 or 50% HMB (1.46, 1.49 and 1.56 kg d−1, respectively). The kg of feed DM required per kg gain (FC) varied between 5.76 and 7.13 and was not (P > 0.05) influenced by treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in carcass characteristics. In exp. 2, 360 steers (initial wt 340 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments designed to evaluate the effect of source (Pit vs. HAV) and level of HMB, in diets containing 10.2% silage, on animal performance. Overall ADG (1.11 – 1.17 kg d−1), FC (6.66 – 7.01) and carcass characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) for animals fed Pit HMB, HAV HMB and DB. In exp. 3, 264 weanling calves (initial wt 216 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments which differed in type of barley (HMB vs. DB), source of roughage (hay vs. silage) and level of concentrate (75 vs. 90%; DM basis). The feeding period was 127 d. Daily gains varied between 0.78 and 0.91 kg d−1 and FC ranged from 6.40 to 7.10 and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by source of barley or source or level of roughage. While animals fed DB had significantly higher ADG than those fed HMB in exp. 1, the overall results from the three experiments indicate that on a DM basis HMB has similar feeding value to DB, and that there is no major difference between Pit and HAV-stored HMB for feedlot cattle. Key words: High moisture, barley, cattle, gain, feed conversion

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