FEEDING VALUE FOR LAMBS OF FABABEAN, FIELD PEA, CORN AND OAT SILAGES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
S. E. BEACOM
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Whole crop fababeans, corn and oats were ensiled in 3 consecutive yr, while whole crop field peas were included in the last 2 yr of the study. Corn was harvested at the early milk stage in 1974, at the late milk stage in 1975 (in both cases after a killing frost), and at the mature stage before frost in 1976. All other crops were harvested in the dough stage. Silages were evaluated using feeding trials with crossbred lambs. Dry matter intake and average daily gain were greater (P < 0.05) for lambs fed fababean silage than for those fed corn or oat silage. Feed intake and rate of gain for lambs fed field pea silage tended to be slightly lower than for those fed fababean silage, but the differences were significant in only 1 of the 2 yr. Frozen immature corn ensiled in 1974 resulted in extremely low dry matter intake and gain, but in the other 2 yr the values for corn silage were equal to that of oat silage. Organic matter digestibility of fababean silage was equal to that of oat silage during 1 yr, but greater (P < 0.05) during the other 2 yr of the test. Mean energy digestibility (final 2 yr) was 70.6, 73.2, 64.1 and 68.1% for fababean, field pea, oat and corn silage, respectively. The results indicate that protein content, energy digestibility, and voluntary intake of whole crop fababean and field pea silage are all relatively high.

Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Miles ◽  
R. J. K. Walters ◽  
E. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

Comparison of techniques for estimation offorage dry matter intake bygrazing beef cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Undi ◽  
C. Wilson ◽  
K. H. Ominski ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Equation ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Wide Range

Four techniques were compared for their ability to estimate forage dry matter intake (DMI) of grazing animals. In the Cage technique, 10 grazing cages were placed within each pasture, and forage inside and outside the cages was clipped from 0.25-m2 quadrats after 12 to 20 d of grazing. The difference between forage inside and outside the grazing cage represented forage consumed by grazing animals. The second technique used n-alkane controlled release capsules to measure DMI of individual grazing animals (N-alkane marker technique). The remaining two techniques were prediction equations; one utilized body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) to estimate DMI (Minson equation) and the other related dietary net energy concentration and BW to DMI (Net Energy equation). The four methodologies were applied to a 3-yr study evaluating liquid hog manure on the productivity of grass pastures. The study utilized steers of a relatively uniform body size on six continuously grazed grass pastures. When individual animal intakes were compared, the Net Energy equation estimated lower (P < 0.05) DMI than the Minson equation, with the N-alkane marker technique being intermediate. Dry matter intake (mean ± SD, kg d-1) was 5.3 ± 0.76, 7.4 ± 1.86, and 6.5 ± 2.58 for the Net Energy equation, Minson equation, and N-alkane marker technique, respectively. The Cage technique estimated average DMI of animals in each pasture of 17.5 ± 11.61 kg d-1 and this was higher (P < 0.05) than estimates from the other techniques. Dry matter intake estimates from different techniques were ranked: Cage technique > Minson equation > N-alkane marker technique > Net Energy equation. The DMI estimates generated by the Cage technique were associated with the largest coefficient of variation, with extreme values representing a range from 0.3 to 15.2% BW. The N-alkane marker technique estimated DMI that ranged from 0.6 to 4.5% BW. The strongest correlation (r = 0.30; P = 0.001) in DMI estimates was between the Net Energy and Minson equations due to the inclusion of BW as a component in both equations. Results of this study suggest that prediction equations can be useful for rapid DMI estimation. The N-alkane marker technique may be the preferred technique when a wide range of pasture conditions is anticipated. Key words: Grazing cages, n-alkanes, prediction equations, dry matter intake, grazing animals

Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
K. C. Olson ◽  
R. D. Wiedmeier ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Wheat Middlings

Two studies were conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of feeding different levels of whey ensiled with wheat straw and wheat middlings (whey silage) compared to control diets on production parameters in growing cattle. Whey silage was included in diets at 55 and 65.5% on a dry matter basis with net energy for maintenance and crude protein calculated to be similar to control diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings at 1.74 Mcal kg-1 and 13.4%, respectively. Dry matter intake averaged 8.41 versus 8.91 kg d-1 (P < 0.05) and 8.68 versus 7.09 kg d-1 (P < 0.05) when whey silage was included at either 55 or 65.5% of the diets compared to the control diets. Average daily gains of cattle fed whey silage incorporated at 55% was 1.00 versus 1.14 kg d-1 (P < 0.05), and reflected the difference in dry matter intake; no differences (P > 0.05) in feed efficiency (8.73:1 versus 8.71:1) were observed. However, the higher dry matter intake (DMI) of cattle fed diets with whey silage incorporated at 65.5% did not (P > 0.05) translate into higher average daily gain (1.23 versus 1.18 kg d-1), resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) feed to gain (7.00:1 versus 6.01:1) for the whey-based silage diets. Incorporation of whey silage in diets at 55% increased (P > 0.05) the dry matter digestibility by 12%, whereas incorporation at 65.5% decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility by 12% compared to control diets, with no differences (P > 0.05) in percent neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) at either level. We conclude that whey silage can be included at between 55 and 65.5% of the total dry matter in diets with no adverse effects on production compared to cattle fed diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings. Key words: Agricultural by products, crop residues, digestibility, growing cattle, production, whey silage

Wynn cassia (Cassia rotundifolia cv. Wynn) improves the feed intake and liveweight gain of cattle fed poor quality native pasture

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Quirk ◽  
RJ Wilson ◽  
GW Blight
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Common Index

The feeding value for cattle of Wynn cassia hay (Cassia rotundifolia cv. Wynn) was assessed by measurement of dry matter intake (DMI) and average liveweight daily gain (ADG) of yearling steers fed chaffed diets of native pasture hay (0.44% N) that included 0, 10, 25, 50, or 80% of cassia hay. The cassia hay was obtained after seed harvest and, so, was of relatively poor quality (1.10% N, 70% stem). For comparison, lucerne hay (Medicago sativa cv. Trifecta) (2.42% N) treatments were also fed with native pasture hay at the same dietary legume proportions. The experiment was conducted over an 80-day period. Cattle fed only native pasture had low DMI (2.9 kg/head.day) and ADG (0.012 kg/head). DMI increased curvilinearly and ADG increased linearly with the proportion of cassia in the diet. Both DMI and ADG were significantly (P<0.05) increased when 50% cassia was fed (to 5.24 kg/head.day and 0.210 kg/head, respectively), while only 25% lucerne was needed to obtain significant increases in both parameters (to 5.69 kg/head.day and 0.310 kg/head). The poorer response to increasing dietary legume measured with cassia diets was not unexpected given that it had been cut at a more mature stage of growth. However, when the responses were examined against a common index of feed quality (protein content), both legume hays gave similar responses. Despite its relatively poor quality, the cassia hay was readily eaten at levels up to 50% of the diet, and improved both DMI and ADG. Our results suggest that cassia successfully introduced into native pasture will improve the liveweight performance of grazing cattle.

scholarly journals Production and slaughter performance of ostriches fed full-fat canola seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-799
Author(s):  
G.J. Niemann ◽  
T.S. Brand ◽  
L.C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Full-fat canola seed (FFCS) is a locally produced alternative protein source that has potential for inclusion in the diet of ostriches. Chicks aged 84 days and weighing 24.7 ± 0.36 kg were fed five iso-nutritional diets with varying levels of FFCS. Birds were fed until slaughter at 309 days old (93.2 ± 1.82 kg). In each feeding phase, FFCS replaced soybean oilcake meal incrementally (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of protein source). Dry matter intake (DMI) during the grower phase was lowest (1.52 kg/bird/day) for the 100%FFCS diet. Birds on the 100%FFCS also showed a 34% slower growth rate (average daily gain of 152.0 g/bird/day) compared to the other four diets (average growth rate of 230 g/bird/day) during the grower phase. The 0%FFCS (236.2 g/bird/day) and 50%FFCS (267.8 g/bird/day) diets resulted in a higher ADG. End weights during the grower phase for 0%FFCS, 25%FFCS, 50%FFCS and 75%FFCS (74.8, 72.2, 76.8, and 72.5 kg, respectively) did not differ significantly. The 100%FFCS resulted in a lower end weight (67.4 kg) for the growth phase, when compared to the 0%FFCS and 50%FFCS diets. For the overall trial period, the only differences were in ADG, with the 0%, 50% and 75%FFCS replacement diets showing the fastest growth. Fat pad weight was the only slaughter trait that revealed differences between diets, with 50%FFCS resulting in the heaviest fat pad weight. A maximum of 20.6% inclusion of FFCS should be used in diets in the grower phase, although in the other phases, FFCS could be included up to the maximum level evaluated (100% replacement of soybean oilcake meal) without detrimental effects on production parameters.Keywords: Average daily gain, Brassica napus, dressing percentage, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, glucosinolates, Struthio camelus

scholarly journals 33 Determining the feeding value of hulless barley relative to corn in beef finishing rations

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Thomas B Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Hulless varieties of barley have been developed to improve the digestibility of this small grain. The objective of this project was to determine the feeding value of hulless barley relative to corn in a beef-finishing ration. Angus-cross steers (n = 12) were fed rations that included varying ratios of cracked corn and cracked hulless barley. Steers were stratified by body weight (BW) and allotted to one of four rations: corn, 2:1 ratio of corn to barley, 1:2 ratio of corn to barley, and barley. All treatments included concentrate at 85% and baleage at 15% of total ration dry matter (DM). Rations were fed ad libitum on an individual basis using Calan gates. Feed refusals were measured daily. Steers were weighed and ultrasound 12th rib fat thickness (FT) was measured every 28 d. Steers were harvested at a commercial abattoir when average FT exceeded 0.9 cm. Average daily gain (1.2 kg/d), final BW (653 kg), feed to gain efficiency (10.2:1), and final ultrasound FT (0.94 cm) were not different (P ≥ 0.1486) between treatments. Steer DM intake was lower (P ≤ 0.0496) for those fed corn (9.8 kg/d) compared to those fed barley (12.2 kg/d) or a 1:2 ratio of corn to barley (11.7 kg/d); steer DM intake was similar (P ≥ 0.0640) for those fed a 2:1 ratio of corn to barley compared to those fed the other rations. Finishing ration did not affect hot carcass weight (384 kg; P = 0.7158), carcass FT (1.6 cm; P = 0.9511), ribeye area (87.7 cm^2; P = 0.7184), kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (2.6%; P = 0.3842), and yield grade (3.5; P= 0.8802). Feeding hulless barley compared to corn resulted in similar performance and carcass characteristics when included in beef finishing rations although feed intake was greater when barley exceeded 56% of the ration DM.

Comparative yield and feeding value of barley, oat and triticale silages

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
A. S. Vaage
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Barley Silage

The yield and feeding value of barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Johnson'), oat (Avena sativa 'Calibre') and triticale(Triticosecale 'Carmen') silages were compared in a field study, a heifer growth trial (119 d in length, with four pens of eight Charolais cross heifers (average body weight 300 kg) per treatment), and a sheep digestibility trial (total fecal collection with eight sheep per treatment). The swathed and chopped plant material was ensiled in stack silos covered with plastic. Yields of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among species. At harvest, oat and triticale had greater acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels than barley. After ensiling, triticale alone had greater neutral detergent fiber, ADF and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen levels than the other silages. The three silages did not otherwise differ in chemical composition. Heifer intakes of barley (6.06 kg d−1) and oat (5.70 kg d−1) silage DM were similar, and greater than for triticale (4.86 kg d−1). Average daily gain was greatest with barley (0.65 kg d−1), intermediate with oat (0.57 kg d−1) and least with triticale (0.49 kg d−1). Intake of silage DM by the sheep was greatest with barley silage (741 g d−1), intermediate with oat (617 g d−1) and least with triticale (434 g d−1), which appeared less palatable than the other silages. Dry matter and CP digestibilities were greatest for barley silage (64.2 and 71.6%, versus 58.3. and 61.1% for oat, and 58.8 and 65.4% for triticale, respectively). Oat silage had the lowest fiber digestibility. Sheep given triticale silage had lower rumen fluid volatile fatty acid concentrations, apparently due to low DM intake. Oat silage gave a greater molar proportion of acetate, a lower proportion of propionate, and a higher acetate to propionate ratio than either barley or triticale. Triticale silage produced a greater molar proportion of acetate and a lower proportion of butyrate than barley silage. Based on animal performance, it was concluded that barley silage was the preferred of the three cereal silages for growing cattle. Triticale produced a less acceptable silage due to poor palatability and low DM intake. Key words: Cattle, sheep, cereal silage, forage quality, digestibility

scholarly journals 77 Evaluation of Models Used to Predict Dry Matter Intake in Forage-Based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Aksel Wiseman ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
Rick Stock ◽  
Terry J Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln ◽  
The University

Abstract Data from experiments conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln were pooled to compare predicted and observed dry matter intake (DMI) of growing cattle consuming foraged-based diets (corn silage, grass, alfalfa, or sorghum-hay) to determine the accuracy of current modeling systems. Experiments (n = 22) were a minimum of 84 days and included individually fed calves using the Calan gate system with 8 to 12 calves per treatment mean or pen-fed calves with 8 to 12 head per pen. Average body weight (BW) of calves ranged from 235 to 397 kg with average daily gain (ADG) between 0.16 and 1.65 kg. Cattle were fed ad libitum and mid-point BW and ADG were entered into the Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model (2016) to determine predicted DMI. Simple regression was used to compare predicted and observed DMI to determine the accuracy of the prediction model. Ninety-three treatment means were evaluated and were separated into three categories: hay-based diets (n = 24), hay-based diets with distillers grains (n = 31), and corn silage-based diets (n =38). The model for observed versus predicted DMI was significant (P &lt; 0.05; R2 = 0.09) when comparing all means but had a poor R2. The model was the best at predicting DMI for forage-based diets (P &lt; 0.08; R2 = 0.22). Observed and predicted DMI were regressed along TDN values, calculated using book values and digestion studies. As TDN increased, observed DMI increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and predicted DMI had a quadratic response (P &lt; 0.01), increasing up to 63% and then decreasing with increasing TDN. The model over predicted DMI intake for TDN &lt; 63% and under predicted DMI in forage-based diets greater than 63% TDN. Further development of the current modeling system through addition of intake data from forage fed growing cattle is needed

scholarly journals YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN, BARLEY, WHEAT, AND FORAGE OATS AS SILAGE FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
E. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Dough Stage

Whole crops of corn, barley, wheat, and forage oats were ensiled and fed as the sole forage to 48 milking cows in two 12-wk feeding trials. In the first experiment corn (25.1% dry matter (DM)) harvested in the early dent stage, barley (34.2% DM), and forage oats (27.6% DM) harvested in the dough stage were compared. Holstein cows fed the three silages averaged 22.6, 19.7, and 18.7 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk per day and consumed 1.67, 1.82, and 1.85 kg of silage DM per 100 kg body weight, respectively. In the second experiment, cows fed wheat (35.7% DM), barley (29.8% DM), or forage oat (27.0% DM) silage harvested in the dough stage produced 21.2, 23.3, and 22.1 kg fat-corrected milk daily and consumed 1.75, 1.71, and 1.62 kg silage DM per 100 kg body weight, respectively. Corn silage DM intake was lower (P < 0.01) but more efficiently utilized for milk production (P < 0.01) than barley or forage oats, whereas wheat, barley, and forage oat silages were similar in feeding value. In experiment I, rumen acetate increased and butyrate decreased with corresponding increases in forage fiber content. Propionate levels were unaffected by the kind of forage, whereas blood urea nitrogen was highest for cows fed forage oats in both experiments.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF WHOLE PLANT FABABEAN FORAGE IN RUMINANT RATIONS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
F. B. BAREEBA ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Feeding Trials

Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate nutritive value of whole plant fababean (FB) silages. A growth trial with dairy heifers resulted in higher consumption (P < 0.05) of FB silage than a grass-legume (GL) silage, with no difference (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG). Lactating Holstein cows were fed four diets, 1-GL + high grain (HG) (control diet), 2-direct cut FB (33% DM) + HG, 3-wilted FB (37% DM) + HG and 4-wilted FB + medium grain (MG), in a Lucas design. Consumption of the direct cut FB silage was higher (P < 0.05) than that of grass silage, and reducing the level of grain feeding from 56 to 43% of the diet resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in FB silage consumption. Wintering calves were fed five silages (1-FB, 2-GL, 3-barley-clover (BC), 4-corn or 5-barley) plus 1 kg grain supplement for 93 days. Calves receiving FB or GL silage consumed more (P < 0.05) DM than animals on the other treatments. In trial 2, beef calves were fed four silages (early FB, frosted FB, corn or GL) or two types of dehydrated cubes (FB or allalfa). Frosted FB silage have a higher (P < 0.01) ADG compared with the other treatments. Intakes of DM were similar for both FB silages and alfalfa cubes but higher than in GL or corn silage treatments. Feed efficiency ratio was smaller (P < 0.05) for frosted FB than GL silage or dehydrated cubes and similar to the early FB and corn silages. Finishing steers were fed three silages (FB, GL or corn) free choice plus a barley supplement at 1% of body weight. Total DM intake and ADG were higher (P < 0.01) for steers receiving FB silage than for those fed the GL or corn silage. Energy digestibility of FB silage as measured by sheep digestion trials over 2 crop yr and three silage samples was 69.4% ± 2.3, and digestible energy content of FB was similar to that of corn silage.

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