The effect of oligosaccharides and lactitol on the ileal digestibilities of amino acids, monosaccharides and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine of weanling pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. Schmitz ◽  
F. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with oligosaccharides and LAC on nutrient digestion and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine. Twelve barrows, weaned at 28 d, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The BW of the pigs at weaning and at the conclusion of the experiment were 9.1 and 13.8 kg, respectively. The pigs were fed four diets based on barley, wheat and soybean meal according to a two-period change-over design. The diets were formulated to contain 18% CP. Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (0.2%), GUO (0.2%) and LAC (1%, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) were included at the expense of corn starch. Supplementation with oligosaccharides or LAC had little effect on the apparent ileal digestibilities of AA and monosaccharides. Supplementation of diets with oligosaccharides or LAC did not affect (P > 0.05) the monosaccharide concentrations in ileal digesta except for galactose which was higher (P < 0.05) in digesta from pigs fed the diet supplemented with LAC. The daily ileal output of monosaccharides, pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, bacterial populations in ileal digesta and incidence of diarrhea were not affected (P > 0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of diets for weanling pigs (9.1–13.8 kg) with oligosaccharides or LAC at these levels does not affect nutrient digestibilities and bacterial populations in the small intestine. Key words: Pigs, oligosaccharides, lactitol, digestibility, bacteria

The effect of formic acid and buffering capacity on the ileal digestibilities of amino acids and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed semipurified fish meal diets

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
M. Schmitz ◽  
F. Ahrens ◽  
R. Mosenthin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of supplementation of formic acid to semipurified diets containing fish meal for weanling pigs with low and high buffering capacity on nutrient digestion and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine. Twelve barrows, weaned at 21 d, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The BW of the pigs at weaning and at the conclusion of the experiment were 7.8 and 13.8 kg, respectively. The pigs were fed four corn starch-based fish meal diets according to a two-period change-over design. The diets were formulated to contain 18% CP. For two of the diets, referred to as NCaP, fish meal was the calcium and phosphorus source. For the remaining two diets, referred to as HCaP, the levels of calcium and phosphorus were doubled (compared with the NCaP diets) by the addition of calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate. The diets were supplemented with (+NCaP and +HCaP) or without (−NCaP and −HCaP) 1% (wt/wt) formic acid. The buffering capacity of the HCaP diets increased (P < 0.05) when the levels of calcium and phosphorus were doubled. The pH of the diets were: 6.25, 4.46, 6.13 and 4.59 for the −NCaP, +NCaP, −HCaP and +HCaP diets, respectively. Supplementation of formic acid to diets with low and high buffering capacity did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibilities of AA. The pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, bacterial populations in ileal digesta and the incidence of diarrhea were also not affected (P > 0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of 1% (wt/wt) formic acid to corn starch-based fish meal diets with low and high buffering capacity for weanling pigs (7.8–13.8 kg) does not affect nutrient digestibilities and bacterial populations in the small intestine. Key words: Pigs, formic acid, buffering capacity, digestibility, bacteria

Effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility in young pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Average Body

Studies were carried out with 12 pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) to determine the effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility. The pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum at 23 or 24 d of age. The pigs were fed four isonitrogenous corn starch-based soybean meal diets (22.5 % crude protein) containing 4.3, 7.3, 10.3 and 13.3% Solkafloc according to a balanced two-period change-over design. The pigs were fed four times daily, equal amounts, at 6-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% of the average body weight which was determined at the initiation of the first (8.8 kg) and second (11.7 kg) experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 10 d. Feces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h during days 8, 9 and 10. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The dietary inclusion of Solkafloc, up to 13.3 %, did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent ileal as well as the fecal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids. In conclusion, starter pigs can tolerate up to 13.3% Solkafloc, equivalent to 16.8% neutral-detergent fibre, in corn starch-based soybean meal diets without a depression in amino acid digestibility. Key words: Young pigs, fibre, amino acids, digestibility

Effect of micronization on energy, starch and amino acid digestibility in hulless barley for young pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. X. Huang ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
M. Pickard ◽  
S. Li ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of micronization on energy, starch and amino acid digestibilities in hulless barley. Six pigs (Canabrid × Camborough) were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum on days 23 or 24. The pigs were fed one of three diets with major constituents of hulless barley and soybean meal (HB + SBM), micronized hulless barley and soybean meal (MHB + SBM) and corn starch and soybean meal (C + SBM) according to a repeated Latin square design. The pigs were fed three times daily, equal amounts at 8-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of body weight. The average body weight of the pigs was 9.3 kg at start and 15.9 kg at the conclusion of the experiment at 58 d of age. Faeces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h on days 8 and 9. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in HB and MHB were determined by the difference method. The apparent ileal digestibilities of the indispensable amino acids were higher in MHB than in HB and ranged from 5.3 to 10.0 percentage units. Of the indispensable amino acids, the differences were significant (P < 0.05) for arginine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine. Micronization of HB improved (P < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of starch from 79.0 to 97.3%. Micronization resulted in an increase in the digestion of energy in the small intestine and a decrease in microbial fermentation of energy in the large intestine. This shift in the disappearance of energy from the large to the small intestine should also result in an improvement in the efficiency of energy utilization. These studies show a positive effect of micronization on the digestibilities of energy and amino acids in young pigs fed HB. Key words: Micronization, barley, digestibility, pigs

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

scholarly journals 166 Fate of pentoses in the small intestine and hindgut of growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerubella J Abelilla ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that pentoses absorbed from the small intestine of pigs reduce energy utilization and that pentoses that reach the hindgut are fermented. In Exp. 1, 24 barrows (9.95 ± 0.51 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 diets that contained 15% glucose, 15% xylose, or 15% arabinose. Ileal digesta, feces, and urine were collected from all pigs. Data were analyzed via ANOVA using the Proc Mixed Procedure of SAS. No differences among diets were observed for apparent total tract digestibility of GE or for DE, but ME in xylose and arabinose diets was reduced (P < 0.01) compared with the glucose diet (Table 1) indicating that xylose and arabinose that are absorbed from the small intestine are excreted in the urine. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (18.02 ± 1.1 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 7 pigs per treatment. A diet based on corn starch, casein, and 15% glucose was fed for 11 d. On d 4 through 11, saline, xylose, or arabinose (3% of the daily feed) was infused into the cecum of pigs via an ileal cannula, and feces and urine were collected. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. Infused xylose or arabinose was not detected in feces of the pigs infused with pentoses indicating that pentoses are fully fermented in the hindgut (Table 1). In conclusion, dietary free pentoses are absorbed prior to the end of the small intestine, but partially excreted in the urine, and therefore may reduce energy utilization. If pentoses are liberated in the hindgut, they may contribute to the energy status of the pig by being fermented with a subsequent absorption of short chained fatty acids.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

INFLUENCE OF CORN GRAIN ON AMINO ACIDS SUPPLIED TO AND ABSORBED FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. KOMAREK ◽  
R. A. JANDZINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Corn Grain

Increasing corn grain from 40 to 60% of the diet (as fed) of steers increased the essential amino acids supplied to the small intestine by 30% and the absorption by 59%. Increasing corn from 60 to 80% did not change the supplies but increased the digestibility of protein entering the duodenum. Key words: Cattle, small intestine, amino acids, passage, absorption

Digestive utilization of minerals by weanling pigs fed copper- and phytase-supplemented diets

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Copper Supplementation

The digestive utilization of minerals in Cu- and phytase-supplemented diets by weanling pigs was investigated in an experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Three levels of Cu (0, 60 and 120 mg kg−1 as CuSO4∙5H2O) and two levels of phytase activity (0 and 1500 units kg−1) were added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Seventy-two pigs (gilts:bar-rows, 1:1) with an average initial weight of 9.7 kg received the six diets for 21 d, after which 36 of the pigs were used in an 8-d mineral balance study. Phytase supplementation of diets increased serum P, Zn and Mg concentrations but reduced serum Cu concentration. The addition of Cu to the diets produced serum concentrations of minerals similar to Cu-unsupplemented diets. Absorption and retention of Ca and P were both slightly increased in pigs fed the phytase-supplemented diets compared with pigs fed diets that did not contain phytase. Addition of phytase to the diet that was not supplemented with Cu doubled (P < 0.1) Cu retention. Copper supplementation of diets did not affect absorption and retention of Ca, P, Zn, and Mg but increased absorption and retention of Cu and Mn. Results indicate that addition of phytase to P-supplemented and Cu-unsupplemented diets improves digestive utilization of P and Cu. Key words: Pigs, phytate, copper, phytase, minerals

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