Spring wheat yield response to variable seeding rates in organic farming systems at different fertility regimes

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Beavers ◽  
A. M. Hammermeister ◽  
B. Frick ◽  
T. Astatkie ◽  
R. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Plot Experiment

Seeding rates in organic systems should balance a crop’s competitive ability while maintaining grain yield and quality. A 2-yr study assessed the response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to variable seeding rates (1 × conventionally recommended rate, 1.25 ×, 1.5 × and 2 × ) in a plot experiment in Nova Scotia and on organic farms across Canada. The plot experiment was a two-factor factorial assessing seeding rate and fertility. For the Canada-wide experiment, the four seeding rates were completely randomized on each farm. Wheat yield was highest at the 2 × seeding rate in 2003, but average crop emergence across all treatment combinations was only 56%. In 2004, crop emergence was 76% and the 1.25 ×, 1.5 × and 2 × seeding rates had greater yield than the 1 × rate. Seeding rate affected plant density and heads per square metre, but no differences were observed among rates for kernels per head or thousand kernel weight. Grain protein content was similar among seeding rates and was increased by the high fertility treatment. On farms, a 1.25 × seeding rate was sufficient to maximize yield when averaged across all sites. Increasing seeding rate by at least 1.25 × the conventionally recommended rate appears to be an appropriate management practice for organic production. Key words: wheat (spring), seeding rate, crop density, organic agriculture

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Competition with Spring Wheat: Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry L. Carlson ◽  
James E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Total Plant

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on competition between wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum‘Anza’). Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied over several wild oat-wheat density combinations. Wheat grain yield in wild oat-infested plots generally declined with fertilization while the density of wild oat panicles increased. Apparently, in competition with wheat, wild oat was better able to utilize the added nitrogen and thus gained a competitive advantage over the wheat. The increased competitiveness of wild oat resulted in reduced crop yields. Under the conditions of these experiments, nitrogen fertilization resulted in positive wheat yield response only when the wild oat plant density was below 1.6 percent of the total plant density.

Variable crop plant establishment contributes to differences in competitiveness with wild oat among cereal varieties

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O’Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
Ross McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Crop Density

Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Alberta to determine the relative competitiveness with wild oat (Avena fatua L.) of three hard red spring (HRS) and three Canada prairie spring (CPS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and a semidwarf hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Falcon), and normal height general purpose barley (AC Lacombe). Crop variety significantly affected crop yield loss, wild oat shoot dry weight and wild oat seed yield (competitive indicators). AC Lacombe barley was consistently more competitive than Falcon barley or any of the wheat varieties, while the HRS wheat varieties were mainly more competitive than the CPS varieties. Falcon barley was generally similar in competitiveness to the CPS wheat varieties. Differences among varieties in crop plant density at establishment correlated significantly with the competitive indicators suggesting that this factor contributed to the differences in competitiveness among the varieties. Crop density tended to be higher with the more competitive AC Lacombe barley and HRS wheat varieties than with the less competitive Falcon barley and CPS wheat varieties. Variety and seeding rate did not interact significantly but intentionally increasing the seeding rate improved the competitiveness of all varieties. Key words: Hard red spring wheat, Canada prairie spring wheat, crop seeding rate, hull-less barley, semi-dwarf wheat and barley

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

Post-anthesis sink size in a high-yielding dwarf wheat: yield response to grain number

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
I Aguilar ◽  
DR Laing
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
The One

Experiments to study the effect of grain number per sq metre on kernel weight and grain yield in a high-yielding dwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Yecora 70) were conducted in three seasons (1971–1973) under high-fertility irrigated conditions in north-western Mexico. Crop thinning, shading and carbon dioxide fertilization (reported elsewhere), and crowding treatments, all carried out at or before anthesis, led to a wide range in grain numbers (4000 to 34,000/m2). Results indicated the response of grain yield to changing sink size (grains per sq metre), with the post-anthesis environment identical for all crops each year, and with all but the thinner crops intercepting most of the post-anthesis solar radiation. Kernel weight fell linearly with increase in grain number over the whole range of grain numbers studied, but the rate of fall varied with the season. Grain yield, however, increased, reaching a maximum at grain numbers well above those of crops grown with optimal agronomic management but without manipulation. It was concluded that the grain yield in normal crops was limited by both sink and post-anthesis source. There was some doubt, however, as to the interpretation of results from crowded crops, because of likely artificial increases in crop respiration on the one hand, and on the other, in labile carbohydrate reserves in the crops at anthesis. Also deterioration in grain plumpness (hectolitre weight) complicates the simple inference that further gains in yield can come from increased grain numbers alone.

Estimating the economic optimal target density of hybrid canola based on data from a western Canadian meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray D. Hartman ◽  
Scott R. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Optimal Target ◽  
The Relationship

Canola production in western Canada has expanded such that in many regions canola area rivals the area seeded to wheat. This change can be mainly attributed to adoption of herbicide resistant hybrid varieties, and resulting higher relative profitability. Producers responded to higher seed prices by reducing seeding rates, leading to plant densities that were often lower than industry recommendations. The study objectives were to examine canola yield response to plant density and assess economically optimal density levels relative to industry recommendations and grower practices. A meta-analysis approach was applied to yield response and plant density data with herbicide resistant hybrid canola from multiple studies. Three alternative marginal yield-density functions were estimated and used to calculate economically optimal plant density. Sensitivity of results to key parameters was assessed. Resulting optimal density levels under recent average prices, seed size and emergence were 62-73 plants m-2, consistent with industry recommendations for western Canada. Recent field surveys report lower densities than this range, suggesting that producers are seeding at less than optimal rates. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with canola production, and interaction of seeding rate with other factors. These would impact on optimal plant density, although much of the uncertainty remains until well after seeding. The empirical results represent a foundation for development of more detailed models, highlight the significance of the relationship between plant density and economically optimal yield, and suggest the need to develop decision making tools to support producers in making canola planting decisions.

HARVEST INDEX AS A SELECTION CRITERION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN TWO SPRING WHEAT CROSSES GROWN AT TWO POPULATION DENSITIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Population Densities

The use of harvest index as a selection criterion for grain yield in F2 populations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at two population densities was investigated. Harvest index was useful in delineating yield differences between lines for both crosses. The F4 lines selected in F2 for a high harvest index yielded about 9% more per plot in 1978 than F4 lines having a low harvest index in F2. Generally, lines selected at the higher commercial seeding rate yielded more than lines selected at the lower plant density. In 1979, a heavy Fusarium infection reduced the mean grain yield of the F6 lines and suppressed any significant response to selection resulting from population density and harvest index in F2. While selection based on high harvest index at low population density can be used to select higher yielding plants it was not as effective as selection at high population density which more closely approximates commercial crop densities. Additional research is needed before the use of harvest index as a selection tool in wheat breeding programs can be recommended for use in Atlantic Canada.

Optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil in the northern Great Plains

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Baird ◽  
S J Shirtliffe ◽  
F L Walley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Conventional Production

Organic lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) producers must rely upon the recommended rate for conventional production of 130 plants m-2, but this seeding rate may not be suitable, as organic and conventional production systems differ in management and inputs. The objective of this study was to determine an optimal seeding rate for organic production of lentil considering a number of factors, including yield, weed suppression, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, plant uptake of phosphorus, and economic return. A field experiment was conducted for 4 site-years at locations near Saskatoon, SK. Treatments included seeding rates of 15, 38, 94, 235 and 375 seeds m-2. Seed yield increased with increasing seeding rate up to 1290 kg ha-1. Weed biomass was reduced by 59% at the highest seeding rate as compared with the lowest seeding rate. Post-harvest soil phosphorus and nitrogen levels were similar between seeding rate treatments. Economic return was maximized at $952 ha-1 at the highest density of 229 plants m-2, achieved with a seeding rate of 375 seeds m-2. Organic farmers should increase the seeding rate of lentil to achieve a plant density of 229 plants m-2 to increase profitability and provide better weed suppression.Key words: Lentil, organic, seeding rate, weed suppression, economic return

scholarly journals Features of the formation of spring wheat grain yield in the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.

scholarly journals Influence of wild oat plant density on spring wheat yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jevgenija Necajeva ◽  
Zane Erdmane ◽  
Anda Isoda-Krasovska ◽  
Jolanta Curiske ◽  
Ieva Dudele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wild Oat

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL APPROVALS OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Mihaylo Polishuk ◽  
Ruslan Antko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Right

The article presents the effectiveness of the influence of certain agrotechnical components of the technology of growing wheat wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The positive influence of application of foliar fertilization of crops is shown. The prospects of using the complex application of intensification elements are determined. It has been established that the optimization of the mode of power provides a more complete disclosure of the resource potential of plants, which increases yields. Reindeer nutrition should be considered as an element of supplementation to the soil nutrition system, primarily due to the fact that plants are able to absorb nutrients through the leaf surface only in limited quantities, with excess concentration of which possible burns or intoxication of plants. The use of foliar feeding on the background of the main fertilizer has been found to have a positive effect on productivity and quality. The role of the plant nutrition system, which allows to control the formation of grain productivity of spring wheat crops, is substantiated. It has been found that the optimization of the nutrition regime provides a fuller disclosure of the resource potential of the plants, thereby increasing the yield. Nutrition optimization provides more complete disclosure of plant resource potential, thereby increasing yields. It is determined that under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the level of spring wheat yield is largely determined by the amount of rainfall that has fallen during the growing season. By optimizing the wheat's nutritional conditions, its productivity increases substantially, regardless of weather and climatic conditions. The use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen in combination with phosphorus and potassium, can significantly improve the nutritional regime of the soil. The available nutrients of the plant are provided as a result of the mineralization of organic compounds by soil microorganisms and the transition of soluble mineral substances into solubility. This creates a more favorable environment for the growth and development of plants and for maintaining high soil fertility. At the end of the spring wheat vegetation, there was a redistribution of nitric and ammoniacal forms of nitrogen. It is advisable to continue research in this area and to deepen in connection with the emergence of new varieties, preparations and changes in climatic and soil conditions. Key words: spring wheat, yield, variety, sowing dates, seeding rate.

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