Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jakir Hasan ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Ronald J. Howard ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Spring Type

Hasan, M. J., Strelkov, S. E., Howard, R. J. and Rahman, H. 2012. Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 501–515. Clubroot disease of crucifers, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, poses a threat to the Canadian canola industry, and the development of resistant cultivars is urgently needed. Germplasm resistant to local pathotype(s) is the prime requirement for breeding clubroot-resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify Brassica germplasm possessing resistance to P. brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Alberta. Pathotype-specific resistance was identified in the diploid species Brassica rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC), and in the amphidiploid B. napus (AACC). Among B. rapa genotypes, turnip was the most resistant, followed by winter type and spring type oilseed rape. The rutabaga group of B. napus, on the other hand, was homogeneous for resistance to Canadian P. brassicae pathotypes. The diploid species B. nigra (BB) also showed pathotype-specific resistance. However, the two amphidiploids carrying the B. nigra genome, B. juncea (AABB) and B. carinata (BBCC) were completely susceptible to clubroot.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Brassica rapa in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huishan Liu ◽  
Chinedu Charles Nwafor ◽  
Yinglan Piao ◽  
Xiaonan Li ◽  
Zongxiang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas

Abstract BackgroundPlasmodiophora brassicae is a soil-borne pathogen that attacks the roots of cruciferous plants, causing clubroot disease. CircRNAs are non-coding RNAs widely exist in plant and animal species which can acting as “microRNA (miRNA) sponges” and “competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs)”. Knowledge of circRNAs has been updated continuously and rapidly. However, the information about circRNAs in the regulation of clubroot-disease resistance is limited in Brassica rapa. ResultsHere, the Chinese cabbage (BJN 222) containing clubroot resistance gene (CRa) resistant to the Pb4 was susceptible to the PbE of P. brassicae. To investigate the mechanism of cicRNAs responsible for clubroot-disease resistance in Brassica rapa, the circRNA-seq was performed roots of BJN 222 at 0 d, 8 d, and 23 d after inoculated with Pb4 and PbE. A total of 1636 circRNAs were detected distributed on 10 chromosomes. Furthermore, total 231 differentially expressed circRNAs between groups were screened. Parental genes of circRNAs functions analysis results indicated that the expression of circRNAs was affected not only by inoculation time but also by the pathogenicity of P. brassicae. However, the “Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis” pathway was significant enriched between the two pathotypes at different inoculation times. All the expression of target genes annotated with “receptor-like protein kinase,” “zinc finger protein,” “LRR-repeat protein,” and “hormone-related” identified from the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were analyzed. 5 target genes were consistent with the expression pattern of novel_circ_000495 at 8 dpi, but only Bra026508 was significantly up-regulated. ConclusionThe up-regulated novel_circ_000495 might suppressed the expression of miR5656-y, leading to the up-regulation of Bra026508. Our results provided new insights to clubroot resistance mechanisms of B.rapa and laid a foundation for further research on the function of circRNAs responsible for the pathogen infection.

scholarly journals Root Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Reveal Key Phytohormone-Related Genes and Pathways Involved Clubroot Resistance in Brassica rapa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Zhengqing Xie ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Metabolome Profiling ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate biotrophic pathogen-causing clubroot disease, can seriously affect Brassica crops worldwide, especially Chinese cabbage. Understanding the transcriptome and metabolome profiling changes during the infection of P. brassicae will provide key insights in understanding the defense mechanism in Brassica crops. In this study, we estimated the phytohormones using targeted metabolome assays and transcriptomic changes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the roots of resistant (BrT24) and susceptible (Y510-9) plants at 0, 3, 9, and 20 days after inoculation (DAI) with P. brassicae. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in resistant vs. susceptible lines across different time points were identified. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the DEGs revealed six pathways including “Plant–pathogen interaction” and “Plant hormone signal transduction” and 15 hub genes including pathogenic type III effector avirulence factor gene (RIN4) and auxin-responsive protein (IAA16) to be involved in plants immune response. Inhibition of Indoleacetic acid, cytokinin, jasmonate acid, and salicylic acid contents and changes in related gene expression in R-line may play important roles in regulation of clubroot resistance (CR). Based on the combined metabolome profiling and hormone-related transcriptomic responses, we propose a general model of hormone-mediated defense mechanism. This study definitely enhances our current understanding and paves the way for improving CR in Brassica rapa.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Crr1a, a Gene for Resistance to Clubroot Disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) in Brassica rapa L.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Hatakeyama ◽  
Keita Suwabe ◽  
Rubens Norio Tomita ◽  
Takeyuki Kato ◽  
Tsukasa Nunome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Effect of Host Resistance and Fungicide Application on Clubroot Pathotype 6 in Green Cabbage and Napa Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Saude ◽  
Alan McKeown ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Field trials were conducted to evaluate resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae, pathotype 6) in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and napa cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) at sites in southern Ontario in 2009 and 2010. The reaction of green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb and the commercial standard cultivars, Bronco or Atlantis, were evaluated on organic (two site-years) and mineral soils (two site-years) that were naturally infested with the clubroot pathogen. In addition, fluazinam fungicide was drench applied to one treatment of the commercial standard cultivar immediately after transplanting. The napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, and Mirako (in 2009) and Emiko, Mirako, Yuki, and China Gold (in 2010) were evaluated only on organic soils (two site-years). At harvest, the roots of each plant were assessed for clubroot incidence and severity. Also, plant and head characteristics of the resistant green cabbage cultivars were evaluated at one site in 2010. The green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb were resistant to pathotype 6 (0% to 3.8% incidence), but ‘Bronco’ was susceptible (64% to 100% incidence). Application of fluazinam reduced clubroot severity on ‘Bronco’ by 6% at one of three sites. Resistance was more effective in reducing clubroot than application of fluazinam. Plant and head characteristics of the resistant cultivars were similar to those of ‘Bronco’ treated with fluazinam. Napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, Emiko, and China Gold were resistant to clubroot (0% to 13% incidence), and ‘Mirako’ was highly susceptible (87% to 92% incidence). We conclude that the clubroot resistance available in several cultivars of green and napa cabbage was effective against P. brassicae pathotype 6.

scholarly journals Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea genotypes From China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Shujiang Zhang ◽  
Shifan Zhang ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
China Development

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has become a major problem in cruciferous crops worldwide. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), pak choi (B. rapa), and mustard (B. juncea) are important vegetable crops in China. Development of clubroot-resistant cultivars of these crops is urgently needed. In this study, 71 B. rapa and B. juncea genotypes from China, including cultivars and inbred lines, were evaluated for resistance to three P. brassicae pathotypes. A significant interaction was observed between the P. brassicae pathotypes and the Brassica genotypes. Pathotype 3, as defined on the differentials of Williams, exhibited the weakest virulence on all plant material. By contrast, pathotypes 5 and 6 were both highly pathogenic on most of the tested genotypes. In all, 10 of the 14 Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to all three pathotypes, while 4 were resistant only to a specific pathotype. Seven of eight progenies obtained from the selfing of Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to pathotype 3 but most were susceptible to pathotypes 5 and 6. Most inbred lines of Chinese cabbage and all inbred lines of pak choi and mustard were susceptible to all three pathotypes but their susceptibility was lower to pathotype 3 than to pathotypes 5 and 6.

ACADIE: A CLUBROOT RESISTANT CABBAGE CULTIVAR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. CHIANG ◽  
R. CRÊTE
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Cultivar Description

The Acadie cabbage is resistant to races 1 and 6 (Williams 1966) or ECD16/31/30, 16/02/30 (Buczacki et al. 1975) of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. Attractiveness in color, firmness and uniformity of head size are the other main features of this cultivar. The Acadie cabbage cultivar was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec.Key words: Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata, cabbage cultivar, cultivar description, clubroot resistance, crucifers

Clubroot resistance in canola and brassica vegetable cultivars in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Drury ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Obligate Pathogen ◽  
Brassica Vegetable

Clubroot, caused by the obligate pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> Woronin, has been present on brassica vegetables in Ontario for decades, but was only recently identified on canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.). Once <i>P. brassicae</i> is present in a field, eradication is difficult, but resistant cultivars can provide effective management. Pathotype 6 has been the predominant pathotype on vegetable crops for decades, but pathotype 2 is predominant in canola fields in Ontario. Field trials were used to assess the reaction of selected canola and vegetable Brassica cultivars to pathotype 2, and controlled environment studies were conducted to evaluate the reaction of canola the same cultivars to pathotypes 2 and 6. Four canola cultivars with putative clubroot resistance were compared to two cultivars that were expected to be susceptible and three susceptible control cultivars. Several brassica vegetables were assessed: cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, napa cabbage, rutabaga, and Shanghai pak choi (a susceptible control). The canola cultivars marketed as resistant were highly resistant in both the field and growth room trials. The canola cultivars not marketed as resistant were susceptible to pathotype 2, as expected. All of the canola cultivars were resistant to pathotype 6. The vegetable cultivars marketed as resistant or tolerant were resistant to pathotype 6 and most were resistant to pathotype 2. A putative resistant cultivar of cabbage and one of broccoli were resistant to pathotype 6 but susceptible to pathotype 2. Clubroot consistently reduced fresh shoot weight in susceptible cultivars of canola and brassica vegetables relative to resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Arofile of Brassica rapa L. Reveals the Involvement of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathways in Clubroot Resistance

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu Fu ◽  
Yinglan Piao ◽  
Zongxiang Zhan ◽  
Yuzhu Zhao ◽  
Wenxing Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Sa Signaling

Plasmodiophora brassicae is a protozoan pathogen that causes clubroot disease in cruciferous plants, particularly Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa). A previous study identified a clubroot resistance gene (CRd) conferring race-specific resistance to P. brassicae. However, the defense mechanisms of B. rapa against virulent vs. avirulent P. brassicae are poorly understood. In this study, we carried out a global transcriptional analysis in the clubroot-resistant Chinese cabbage inbred line “85–74” carrying the CRd gene and inoculated with avirulent (LAB-4) or virulent (SCCD-52) P. brassicae. RNA sequencing showed that “85–74” responded most rapidly to SCCD-52 infection, and the number of differentially expressed genes was much higher in SCCD-52-treated as compared to LAB-4-treated plants (5552 vs. 304). Transcriptome profiling revealed that plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction pathways played key roles in the late stages of P. brassicae infection. Genes relating to the salicyclic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET), and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways were up-regulated relative to untreated plants in response to LAB-4 infection at 8, 16, and 32 days post-inoculation (dpi) whereas JA, ET, and BR signaling-related genes were not activated in response to SCCD-52, and SA signaling-related genes were up-regulated in both LAB-4 and SCCD-52, suggesting that SA signaling is not the key factor in host resistance to avirulent P. brassicae. In addition, genes associated with phosphorylation and Ca2+ signaling pathways were down-regulated to a greater degree following LAB-4 as compared to SCCD-52 infection at 8 dpi. These results indicate that effector-triggered immunity in “85–74” is more potently activated in response to infection with avirulent P. brassicae and that JA, ET, and BR signaling are important for the host response at the late stage of infection. These findings provide insight into P. brassicae pathotype-specific defense mechanisms in cruciferous crops.

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