Effect of seeding practices, temperature and seed treatments on fusarium seedling blight of narrow-leaved lupin

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Gossen, B. D., Strelkov, S. E., Turnbull, G. D. and Bing, D. J. 2011. Effect of seeding practices, temperature and seed treatments on fusarium seedling blight of narrow-leaved lupin. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 859–872. Narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) has the potential to become an important pulse crop for the Canadian prairies because of its high protein content and adaptation to a short growing season. However, disease surveys conducted from 2003 to 2007 in Alberta revealed that the crop is vulnerable to seedling blight and root rot caused by Fusarium spp. In field trials, the incidence of seedling blight was reduced by the application of the seed treatment fungicides Apron Maxx RTA, Crown, and Vitaflo 280. Seeding in late May resulted in reduced seedling emergence compared with early or mid-May in some cases, but the results were not consistent. Yield was reduced in the late-sown crop. Seedling emergence was often higher from seed sown at a 2- to 5-cm depth compared with a 7- to 10-cm depth. Yield was lower at seeding rates of 150 seeds m−2 compared with 300 seeds m−2. Under controlled conditions, emergence was greatest in inoculated soils at 25/15°C (day/night). Optimum shoot growth occurred at this temperature and plants were stunted at both higher and lower temperatures. Root growth was greatest at 15/5°C in non-inoculated soils and declined with increasing temperature; root growth was lower, but less variable, among the temperatures in inoculated soils. Root rot severity rose and seed emergence declined with increasing concentration of Fusarium avenaceum inoculum. To successfully grow lupin crops, soils with low Fusarium concentrations must be chosen and the crop should be planted in areas where high temperatures are not common.

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root rot complex of field pea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Root Rot ◽  
Better Than

The efficacy of seed treatments with bioagent ACM941 (a strain of Clonostachys rosea), its formulated products GB116 and ACM941-Pro, and common fungicides for the control of pea root rot complex were examined in six field trials in western Canada from 1996 to 2000. The effects on seedling emergence, root rot severity, and yield varied among years. In trials 1 and 2 (1996–1997), none of the treatments significantly reduced root rot severity or increased yield. ACM941 + Thiram 75WP was the most effective treatment, increasing emergence by 17.4% and was significantly better than that of the untreated controls. In trials 3 and 4 (1997–1998), Apron FL alone and ACM941 + Apron FL were significantly better than the untreated control, increasing emergence by 6.2 and 7.7%, and yield by 10.8 and 11.5%, respectively. In trials 5 and 6 (1999–2000), AC M 941 and GB116 were equally the most effective treatments, increasing emergence by 11.5 and 12.2%, and yield by 8.2 and 6.3%, respectively. These effects were significantly greater than that of the untreated control, but not significantly different from those of Apron FL or Vitaflo-280. ACM941-Pro was developed and tested in 2000 only, and it increased emergence by 17.1% and reduced root rot severity by 29.6%. Key words: Bioagent, Clonostachys rosea, field pea, Pisum sativum, pea root rot complex (PRRC), seed treatment, fungicide

scholarly journals Effects of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on the growth of soybean in saline soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. Chang ◽  
S.F. Hwang ◽  
R.L. Conner ◽  
H.U. Ahmed ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Short Season

Soybean (Glycine max) acreage on the Canadian Prairies has increased rapidly in recent years. Production has expanded into semiarid regions where irrigation and drainage problems often result in the accumulation of salts in the soil. Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani are the two dominant pathogens in the disease complex that cause root rot and seedling blight of legume crops on the Canadian Prairies. The effects of F. avenaceum or R. solani in combination with soil salinity on soybean root rot were evaluated under greenhouse and mini-plot conditions. As expected, inoculation with F. avenaceum or R. solani consistently reduced seedling emergence and increased root rot severity in soybean. At high soil electrical conductivity values and inoculum densities, seedling emergence decreased and root rot severity increased in soybean in both trials with F. avenaceum and R. solani. Twenty short-season soybean cultivars that were well suited for production in Alberta were evaluated for their reactions to inoculation with F. avenaceum or R. solani in a saline soil (21.1 dS m−1). High seedling emergence was observed for cultivars 900Y61, P002T04R, 900Y01, TH27005RR, P001T34R, and 900Y81 in the non-inoculated control, for P002T04R and 900Y61 in the F. avenaceum treatment, and for 900Y61, 900Y81, and 900Y71 in the R. solani treatment. Root rot severity was low for cultivars NSC Portage and 900Y61 in the non-inoculated control and P002T004R in the F. avenaceum treatment. The cultivar 900Y61 also consistently had lower disease severity over the trials in the mini-plot test.

Effects of seed treatments and inoculum density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on seedling blight and root rot of faba bean

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
D. L. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seed Treatments

Chang, K. F., Conner, R. L., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., McLaren, D. L., Gossen, B. D. and Turnbull, G. D. 2014. Effects of seed treatments and inoculum density of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on seedling blight and root rot of faba bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 693–700. Production of faba bean cultivars with tannin-free seed on the Canadian prairies has potential for use in human food and as a feedstock for livestock and aquaculture. However, root rot is a major constraint to production. The effects of fungicide seed treatments on root rot caused by Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani, and the effect of inoculum density on seedling emergence, nodulation, root rot severity and yield of faba bean were examined across 12 station years from 2009 to 2011 at sites in Manitoba and Alberta. Fusarium avenaceum reduced seedling emergence more than R.solani, but both pathogens had a similar impact on seed yield. The effects of inoculum density and seed treatment were generally significant for seedling emergence, root rot severity and seed yield for both pathogens. The interaction effects of inoculum density×seed treatment for F.avenaceum and R.solani were only significant for seed yield and seedling emergence. Seedling emergence and seed yield declined with increasing inoculum level for both F. avenaceum and R.solani. Fungicidal seed treatments with Apron Maxx (fludioxonil+metalaxyl) and Vitaflo 280 (carbathiin+thiram) consistently improved emergence and seed yield in trials inoculated with F.avenaceum or R.solani. This study demonstrated that seed treatment to manage root rot of faba bean is warranted.

Effect of seed treatments on emergence, yield, and root rot severity of soybean under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated field conditions in Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue ◽  
E. Cober ◽  
M. J. Morrison ◽  
H. D. Voldeng ◽  
B. L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Better Than

Field trials were conducted with soybean at two sites each year from 2001 to 2003 in Ottawa, ON, to determine the effect of seed treatments with various combinations of seven formulated fungicides and the bioagent Yield Shield (Bacillus pumilus GB34) under Rhizoctonia solani inoculated conditions. Controls were untreated seed planted into both non-inoculated (natural) soil and soil inoculated with R. solani. Compared with the non-inoculated control, inoculation significantly increased root rot severity and reduced emergence by 27%, and yield by 31%. Under the inoculated conditions, none of the seed treatments significantly increased emergence or yield in all of the six trials when compared with the control. Allegiance (metalaxyl) plus Vitaflo-280 (carbathiin plus thiram) and Vitaflo-280 alone were the most effective seed treatments, increasing emergence in by 20 and 19% and yield by 21 and 26%, which were significantly better than the control in four and five trials for emergence and three and four trials for yield, respectively. Allegiance plus HEC5725 (HEC5725), Apron Maxx RTA (fludioxonil plus metalaxyl), and Maxim 480FS (fludioxonil) increased both emergence and yield in two trials and TFL RTU (metalaxyl plus triflox ystrobin) plus Yield Shield in one trial. There was no difference between seed treatment with Allegiance and the untreated control for all parameters, confirming that metalaxyl is ineffective to R. solani. It is concluded that carbathiin, thiram, HEC5725, fludioxonil an trifloxystrobin are effective active ingredients protecting soybean from soil-borne R. solani and increasing plant emergence and yield. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, seed treatment, soybean, Glycine max, fungicide, bioagent

Effect of fungicide seed treatments on root pathogens of cereal crops under field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Fernandez ◽  
W.E. May ◽  
G.P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Growing Conditions

It is of importance to reduce the spread of Fusarium graminearum to western regions of the Canadian prairies where Fusarium head blight has so far occurred to a limited extent. Determining the effectiveness of fungicides against F. graminearum in infected seed under various growing conditions will help design a comprehensive strategy for preventing the spread of this pathogen. Field trials at various locations in eastern Saskatchewan were conducted (2003-2005) to examine the performance of registered and experimental fungicides on Fusarium colonization of subcrown internodes (SIs) of plants derived from Fusarium-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum [T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat seed, and on SI discoloration. Among the fungi isolated from discolored SIs were Fusarium spp., including F. graminearum, and Cochliobolus sativus. Fusarium graminearum infections were mostly seed-borne whereas infection by other fungi appeared to be mostly soil-borne. Compared with the untreated infected control, the combined seed treatments reduced discoloration of SIs, but no single fungicide reduced discoloration consistently across site-years or crops. Similarly, no product consistently reduced the isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium pathogens, although some fungicides appeared to be more effective than others in reducing isolation of F. graminearum or C. sativus. Our observations agree with results from a controlled-environment study of effects of seed treatments on F. graminearum colonization of plants derived from infected common and durum wheat seed, thus confirming that treatment of F. graminearum-infected seed with fungicides will not likely prevent the spread of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Reaction of dry bean cultivars grown in western Canada to root rot inoculation

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Anfu Hou ◽  
Parthiba Balasubramanian ◽  
Debra L. McLaren ◽  
Maria A. Henriquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Integrated Management System

Conner, R. L., Hou, A., Balasubramanian, P., McLaren, D. L., Henriquez, M. A., Chang, K.-F. and McRae, K. B. 2014. Reaction of dry bean cultivars grown in western Canada to root rot inoculation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1219–1230. Root rot is an important disease of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) that is caused by a complex of root pathogens. Cultural and fungicidal controls are available to reduce the adverse impact of this disease on seedling emergence, plant growth and yield, but none of these practices are highly effective. The development of disease-resistant dry bean cultivars is considered to be an important component of an integrated management system for root rot control. A 5-yr field study was conducted to identify potential sources of resistance to seedling blight and root rot in dry bean cultivars that are widely grown in western Canada. A total of 37 dry bean cultivars, representing all the bean classes grown in the region, were tested against the root rot pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. redolens and F. acuminatum. Partial root rot resistance was detected in the navy bean cultivar Navigator and the black bean cultivars Black Violet and CDC Jet. The greatest root rot resistance occurred in the cranberry bean cultivars Etna and Cran 09. Reductions in root rot severity were not consistently associated with greater seedling emergence, which indicates that resistance to seedling blight and root rot may be independent traits. Inoculation with R. solani had the most adverse effect on seedling emergence, while infection by F. solani f. sp. phaseoli resulted in the most severe root rot ratings.

The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2014. The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 311–321. Rhizoctonia solani can have a substantial impact on seedling establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus). The effects of seeding date, seeding depth, seed size, and seed treatment on seedling blight of canola were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Early seeding resulted in higher seedling emergence in one trial year and higher seed yield in all trial years relative to a late-seeded treatment. Mid-sized seed (range 0.7–2.0 mm diam.) had greater seedling emergence in R. solani-inoculated growth medium in a greenhouse trial and higher seed yield in one of two field trials compared with smaller seed (<0.7 mm). In the greenhouse study, sowing of large seed resulted in greater plant height and shoot weight compared with sowing of smaller seed. The effect of seeding depth was significant only on shoot dry weight, which increased at a seeding depth of 2.6 cm. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil), and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) resulted in a significant increase in seedling emergence and yield compared with the inoculated control. These results indicate that fungicidal seed treatment can minimize the impact of R. solani on canola.

Effect of soil moisture and temperature on seedling emergence and incidence of Pythium damping-off in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
G. C. Kozub ◽  
D. J. S. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Canadian Prairies

The effects of soil moisture, soil temperature and Pythium ultimum Trow var. ultimum, on the emergence of safflower seedlings were investigated. The effect on emergence of safflower cultivar, Saffire, in Pythium-infested and in sterile soil was tested at three moisture stress levels (1500 kPa, 30 kPa, or 0 kPa), and five temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C). Both factors affected emergence. At 0 kPa, emergence of safflower seedlings in both the Pythium-infested and sterile soil treatments averaged 4%. In sterile soil, at both 30 kPa and 1500 kPa, seedling emergence exceeded 85% at all temperatures. In Pythium-infested soil at 30 kPa, emergence was greater than 85% at 5 and 10 °C, but only 67, 49, and 27% at 15, 20 and 25 °C, respectively. Within the temperature range, 10–25 °C, seedling emergence in Pythium-infested soil was significantly less at 30 kPa than at 1500 kPa. In fields in the southern Canadian prairies infested with Pythium ultimum, safflower seeded into warm soil is likely to have poor stand establishment due to damping-off, especially if soil is wet. Thus it is advisable to plant safflower early, when soil is cool. Key words:Carthamus tinctorius, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, Pythium sp. "group G", damping-off, seedling blight, soil moisture, temperature

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