Switchgrass silage for methane production as affected by date of harvest

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Philippe Savoie ◽  
Gaétan Parent ◽  
Annie Claessens ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fibre Concentration

Bélanger, G., Savoie, P., Parent, G., Claessens, A., Bertrand, A., Tremblay, G. F., Massé, D., Gilbert, Y. and Babineau, D. 2012. Switchgrass silage for methane production as affected by date of harvest. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1187–1197. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season grass recognized as a potential biomass crop for energy production in North America, but little information exists on the effect of harvest date on forage and silage characteristics of switchgrass grown in eastern Canada. Our objectives were to determine how harvest date affects several forage and silage characteristics of switchgrass and to relate these to specific methane yield from anaerobically digested switchgrass silage. Switchgrass, seeded in 2002 and 2006, was harvested and ensiled as a one-cut system on three dates in 2007: late July, early September, and early October. The regrowth from the late July harvest was also harvested in early October as a two-cut system. Silage quality parameters [pH, and concentrations of N, N-NH3, total amino acids (TAA), and volatile fatty acids (VFA)] indicated adequate fermentation of all silage samples. In a one-cut system, delaying harvest from late July to early September increased forage dry matter (DM) yield from 9.0 to 11.5 Mg ha−1, forage soluble carbohydrate (SC) concentration from 51 to 85 g kg−1 DM, and silage SC concentration from 13 to 25 g kg−1 DM; delaying harvest from late July to early October decreased forage in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) from 720 to 582 g kg−1 DM, forage in vitro digestibility of the neutral detergent fibre (dNDF) from 590 to 409 g kg−1 DM, and silage acetate concentration from 7.7 to 2.6 g kg−1 DM. The regrowth had higher IVTD and dNDF, lower acid detergent fibre concentration, and higher silage lactate and acetate concentrations than a single harvest taken in early September or early October. The two-cut system and the single harvest in early September produced the highest seasonal forage DM yields (11.5 and 11.9 Mg ha−1). High specific methane yield was (i) correlated with low forage fibre concentration and high DM digestibility and (ii) more correlated to silage concentrations of lactate and acetate than to silage SC concentration.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanogenic Inhibitors on Methane Production and Abundances of Methanogens and Cellulolytic Bacteria inIn VitroRuminal Cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2634-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenming Zhou ◽  
Qingxiang Meng ◽  
Zhongtang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Methanogen Population ◽  
Propynoic Acid

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to systematically evaluate and compare the effects of select antimethanogen compounds on methane production, feed digestion and fermentation, and populations of ruminal bacteria and methanogens usingin vitrocultures. Seven compounds, including 2-bromoethanesulphonate (BES), propynoic acid (PA), nitroethane (NE), ethyltrans-2-butenoate (ETB), 2-nitroethanol (2NEOH), sodium nitrate (SN), and ethyl-2-butynote (EB), were tested at a final concentration of 12 mM. Ground alfalfa hay was included as the only substrate to simulate daily forage intake. Compared to no-inhibitor controls, PA, 2NEOH, and SN greatly reduced the production of methane (70 to 99%), volatile fatty acids (VFAs; 46 to 66%), acetate (30 to 60%), and propionate (79 to 82%), with 2NEOH reducing the most. EB reduced methane production by 23% without a significant effect on total VFAs, acetate, or propionate. BES significantly reduced the propionate concentration but not the production of methane, total VFAs, or acetate. ETB or NE had no significant effect on any of the above-mentioned measurements. Specific quantitative-PCR (qPCR) assays showed that none of the inhibitors significantly affected total bacterial populations but that they did reduce theFibrobacter succinogenespopulation. SN reduced theRuminococcus albuspopulation, while PA and 2NEOH increased the populations of bothR. albusandRuminococcus flavefaciens. Archaeon-specific PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that all the inhibitors affected the methanogen population structure, while archaeon-specific qPCR revealed a significant decrease in methanogen population in all treatments. These results showed that EB, ETB, NE, and BES can effectively reduce the total population of methanogens but that they reduce methane production to a lesser extent. The results may guide futureinvivostudies to develop effective mitigation of methane emission from ruminants.

The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ellis Davies ◽  
G. ap Griffith ◽  
A. Ellington
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on rumen microbial fermentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo ◽  
Juana C. Chagas ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Sophie J. Krizsan
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Asparagopsis Taxiformis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural supplement for reducing methane production from cattle. A. taxiformis contains several anti-methanogenic compounds including bromoform that inhibits directly methanogenesis. The positive and adverse effects of A. taxiformis on the rumen microbiota are dose-dependent and operate in a dynamic fashion. It is therefore key to characterize the dynamic response of the rumen microbial fermentation for identifying optimal conditions on the use of A. taxiformis as a dietary supplement for methane mitigation. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to model the effect of A. taxiformis supplementation on the rumen microbial fermentation under in vitro conditions. We adapted a published mathematical model of rumen microbial fermentation to account for A. taxiformis supplementation. We modelled the impact of A. taxiformis on the fermentation and methane production by two mechanisms, namely (i) direct inhibition of the growth rate of methanogenesis by bromoform and (ii) hydrogen control on sugars utilization and on the flux distribution towards volatile fatty acids production. We calibrated our model using a multi-experiment estimation approach that integrated experimental data with six macroalgae supplementation levels from a published in vitro study assessing the dose-response impact of A. taxiformis on rumen fermentation.Resultsour model captured satisfactorily the effect of A. taxiformis on the dynamic profile of rumen microbial fermentation for the six supplementation levels of A. taxiformis with an average determination coefficient of 0.88 and an average coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error of 15.2% for acetate, butyrate, propionate, ammonia and methane.Conclusionsour results indicated the potential of our model as prediction tool for assessing the impact of additives such as seaweeds on the rumen microbial fermentation and methane production in vitro. Additional dynamic data on hydrogen and bromoform are required to validate our model structure and look for model structure improvements. We are working on model extensions to account for in vivo conditions. We expect this model development can be useful to help the design of sustainable nutritional strategies promoting healthy rumen function and low environmental footprint.

In vitro methane production as influenced by harvest date and level of nitrogen application

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
D. K. Lovett ◽  
A. Bortolozzo ◽  
P. O’Kiely ◽  
P. Conaghan ◽  
F. P. O’Mara
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Level ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Increasing animal productivity increases daily enteric methane (CH4) emissions but reduces CH4 output per unit of animal production. Irish livestock production systems are characterised by a high dependence on grazed pasture. Increased nitrogen (N) fertiliser application can increase animal productivity through increased intake. The objective of this trial was to assess the effect of N level application and pasture maturity on in vitro methane production.

Effect of supplementation with tree foliage on in vitro digestibility and fermentation, synthesis of microbial biomass and methane production of cattle diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Albores-Moreno ◽  
J. A. Alayón-Gamboa ◽  
L. A. Miranda-Romero ◽  
B. Alarcón-Zúñiga ◽  
G. Jiménez-Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Tree Foliage

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

Influence of seaweed (Sargassum johnstonii) supplementation on in vitro digestibility and methane production

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Sarishti Katwal ◽  
M.M. Trivedi ◽  
P.R. Pandya ◽  
M.Y. Bhavsar ◽  
D.T. Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility

EVALUATION OF PINEGRASS AS RANGE FORAGE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair McLean ◽  
S. Freyman ◽  
J. E. Miltimore ◽  
D. M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Calcium Iron

Seasonal changes in the quality of pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) on native forest range in southern British Columbia included declines in crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and increases in content of lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and ash. The decline in average daily gains of beef heifers was more rapid than changes in quality of the pinegrass over the grazing period from June to October.Pinegrass contained adequate nutrients for the rapid growth of yearlings or for maintaining weanling calves until August 1, whereupon protein and phosphorus supplementation were required. Nutrient requirements of pregnant cows and replacement heifers were adequately met until September 1.Copper and zinc were inadequate throughout the season. Calcium, iron, and manganese contents, however, were satisfactory. Silica was high and must be considered a potential problem in pinegrass utilization.Digestible dry matter gave a high positive correlation with crude protein and phosphorus and a high negative correlation with lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and total ash.Crude fiber, crude fat, and total soluble carbohydrate contents of pinegrass did not closely follow changes in either animal gains or in vitro digestible dry matter.Crude protein, phosphorus, and acid-detergent fiber appear to give a good indication of animal yields on pinegrass and could be used to evaluate pinegrass quality where animal data are not available.

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