CONTROL OF ROOT MAGGOTS ATTACKING CRUCIFEROUS CROPS, MAINLY RUTABAGAS, GROWN IN RIDGES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-728
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Root Maggot

Experiments in 1958 and 1959 with pre-planting soil treatments of insecticides, applied in a 5-inch band [Formula: see text] below the seed in ridges of soil, snowed that heptachlor, aldrin and chlordane, each at 5 pounds toxicant per acre, gave 70 to 90 per cent reduction in root maggot damage in cruciferous crops in Prince Edward Island. Each of these insecticides gave better control of the second than of the first generation of root maggots. Nematocide 18,133, at 5 and at 10 pounds per acre gave complete control throughout the growing season and also gave the highest yield. Thimet at 5 and at 10 pounds gave better control than the chlorinated hydrocarbons; parathion and Guthion, at the same rates, gave better control of the first generation but not as effective control thereafter. Korlan at 6 pounds gave fair control of the first generation but was ineffective thereafter. Ethion, Trithion, Di-syston and Diazinon, each at 5 and at 10 pounds, and Co-Ral and Dylox at 5 pounds were ineffective in controlling root maggot injury. Diazinon was highly phytotoxic; none of the other insecticides showed any phytotoxicity.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFESTATION AND INJURY OF RUTABAGAS BY ROOT MAGGOTS (DIPTERA:ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. I. FIELD STUDIES

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Root Maggot

Examinations of more than 100 rutabaga fields per year, from 1951 to 1955, showed that Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) was the only species of root maggot that injured rutabagas in Prince Edward Island. H. liturata (Mg.) (= H. trichodactyla (Rond.)), H. cilicrura (Rond.), and Muscina stabulans (Fall.) were associated with H. brassicae but did not injure the roots. H. brassicae flies [note Whitcomb (12) for illustrations] began to emerge from overwintered puparia early in June in sandy soil areas and late in July in clay loam areas. Heavy texture and high moisture content of soils were closely correlated with the delay in emergence. The flies laid their eggs near rutabaga plants, usually in crevices in the soil, and upon hatching the larvae entered and fed on the roots. Larvae generally entered the roots at a depth of one inch or more below the surface of the soil. In general, early-planted rutabagas in sandy soil areas and late plantings in clay loam areas were severely damaged by larvae of H. brassicae, whereas late plantings in sandy areas and early plantings in clay loam areas were lightly infested. However, in the sandy soil areas where all of the rutabaga crops were harvested early in August damage was relatively light. Also, fields isolated by other rutabaga fields from sources of infestation such as storage bins and infested rutabaga crops, of either the current or the previous season, were usually slightly damaged. Use of barnyard manure increased H. brassicae infestations early in the season but did not significantly influence the damage caused during the whole growing season.

scholarly journals Fungicide timing for control of summer rots of apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
K.R. Everett ◽  
O.E. Timudo-Torrevilla ◽  
J.T. Taylor ◽  
J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Final Assessment

Control of preharvest summer rot in cv Royal Gala apple in the Waikato district during the 2006/2007 growing season was evaluated There were six treatments and an unsprayed control Three treatments investigated the effect of timing by applying tolyfluanid mancozeb captan and copper sequentially at 1014 day intervals in October and early November (spring) November and December (early summer) or January and February (late summer) The fourth treatment was two applications of carbendazim in early October (flowering) and there were two biological control treatments Bacillus subtilis QST713 and Serratia marcescens HR42 applied at 1014 day intervals from flowering (October) to harvest (February) Compared with the unsprayed treatment the most effective control was achieved by fungicide applications during either November/December or January/February Due to large variation in the data differences were not statistically significant but mean lesion diameter at final assessment for these treatments was 29 and 35 of controls respectively The other treatments did not control rots

The Image of the Hasmoneans: A New Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Noam
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

In attempting to characterize Second Temple legends of the Hasmoneans, the concluding chapter identifies several distinct genres: fragments from Aramaic chronicles, priestly temple legends, Pharisaic legends, and theodicean legends explaining the fall of the Hasmonean dynasty. The chapter then examines, by generation, how Josephus on the one hand, and the rabbis on the other, reworked these embedded stories. The Josephan treatment aimed to reduce the hostility of the early traditions toward the Hasmoneans by imposing a contrasting accusatory framework that blames the Pharisees and justifies the Hasmonean ruler. The rabbinic treatment of the last three generations exemplifies the processes of rabbinization and the creation of archetypal figures. With respect to the first generation, the deliberate erasure of Judas Maccabeus’s name from the tradition of Nicanor’s defeat indicates that they chose to celebrate the Hasmonean victory but concealed its protagonists, the Maccabees, simply because no way was found to bring them into the rabbinic camp.

scholarly journals A Mapping of the Present and Past Forest-types of Prince Edward Island

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Sobey ◽  
W. M. Glen
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Disturbed Forest

Our aim was to produce maps showing the distribution on Prince Edward Island of five forest-types previously identified from a TWINSPAN analysis of ground flora data collected at 1200 sampling points in a field survey. For this purpose we had available two databases: one on the composition of the tree canopy of 82,957 forest stands, as determined by photointerpretation of a 1990 aerial photographic survey of the island; the other on the drainage properties of the same stands from a published soil survey. The tree canopy and drainage criteria for sorting these stands into five stand-types were chosen in the light of the equivalent properties of the TWINSPAN forest-types as evident from the field survey. These criteria were perfected in four trial computer-sortings, followed by the computer-printing of maps showing the distribution of the standtypes. These maps, which were then evaluated by comparing them with the properties of the TWINSPAN forest-types, are the first fine-scale maps of the main forest-types of the island. They reveal that, of the three “primary” forest-types, the upland hardwood forest occurs especially in the central and south-eastern hill-lands, as well as in scattered parcels elsewhere, whereas the Black Spruce forest and the wet species-rich woodland occur primarily in areas of lower elevation in the east and west of the island. The two forest-types resulting from human disturbance, the White Spruce woods and the “disturbed forest”, have a more scattered distribution, with the White Spruce woods being found especially in the central and eastern parts of the island and the disturbed forest in the west and east of the island. A secondary aim was to map the conjectured distribution before European settlement of the three primary forest-types: two maps have been produced, one showing the distribution of upland hardwood forest, the other of the wet forest-types.

scholarly journals Успадкування господарсько цінних ознак у гібридів F1 квасолі звичайної в умовах Лівобережної частини Лісостепу України

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
С. І. Силенко ◽  
О. С. Силенко
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Доведено, що ступінь фенотипового домінування у гібридів F1 може варіювати від hp > +1 до hp < -1 залежно від компонентів схрещування. Встановлено, що переважна більшість гібридів F1 тривалість веґетаційного періоду та його міжфазних періодів успадковують за типами позитивного наддомінування та позитивним домінуванням. Успадкування висоти рослин відбувається за типами позитивного домінування, проміжного успадкування та за типом негативного домінування. Характер успадкування висоти прикріплення нижнього ярусу бобів у значній мірі визначається поєднанням батьківських компонентів. Так, у першому поколінні у гібридних комбінаціях спостерігається явище наддомінування. За ознаками урожайності та її елементів (урожайність насіння, маса насіння з рослини, маса 1000 насінин, кількість бобів на рослині, кількість насінин із рослини, кількість насінин у бобі) у всіх без виключення гібридів першого покоління спостерігався гетерозис. It was demonstrated that the degree of phenotypic predominance in F1 hybrids can vary from hp to hp < +1 > -1 depending on mating components. The vast majority of the F1 hybrids inherit the length of the growing season and its interphase by type of over& positive dominance. F1 hybrids inherit the height of plants by types of positive dominance, intermediate inheritance and negative domination. The height of the attachment of the lower tier of the beans is largely determined by a combination of parent components. Thus, in the first generation in hybrid combinations there is the phenomenon of over dominance. Due to the yield and its components (seed yield, seed mass per plant, 1000 seeds, number of beans per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per seedpod) in all first generation hybrids heterosis is observed.

Do Students of Noncollege-Educated Parents Achieve Less Academically Than Students of College-Educated Parents?

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos P. Zalaquett
Keyword(s):  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
First Generation ◽  
College Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
First Generation Students ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
College Educated

The ethnicity, grade point average (GPA), and retention characteristics of 202 students whose parents never attended college, 244 students whose parents had some college experience, and 394 students whose parents graduated from college were examined. Analysis showed that a significantly higher percentage of minority students were first-generation students. No significant differences were found between the GPA and retention rates of first-generation students and those of the other two.

Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. I. Yield in Relation to Rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

SUMMARYYields of maize were determined in six years, on two soils, at up to four nitrogen levels following early and late planting. Without fertilizer nitrogen, high rainfall at the beginning of the growing season reduced yield on one soil but not on the other, while high rainfall at late silking and high total rainfall in the growing season reduced yields on both soils. As the level of fertilizer nitrogen increased, the negative effects of rainfall on yield tended to disappear. A three week delay in planting sometimes increased and sometimes decreased yield. The probable reasons for the observed effects of rainfall on yield are discussed.

‘This Feminine Invasion of Medicine’: Women in Irish Medical Schools, c.1880–1945

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Irish Medical ◽  
Experiences Of Women

This chapter examines the experiences of women who studied at Irish medical schools and hospitals from the 1880s to 1940s. Previous research has suggested that the first generation of female medical students at Irish institutions had largely positive educational experiences and were treated in a paternalistic and supportive manner by their professors and fellow students, in contrast with their counterparts in Britain. However, in spite of this, it is clear that Victorian arguments against women studying medicine prevailed. In the student press, female medical students were presented as the ‘other’ and characterised as studious, bookish, cold, defeminised or alternately as obsessed or unconcerned with their appearances. It is clear, that although women and men were largely educated together for all subjects, with the exception of anatomy dissections, that women occupied a separate social sphere from the male students. Drawing on student magazines, Irish doctors’ memoirs, newspapers and the minute books of medical student societies, this chapter evaluates attitudes to women studying medicine and the educational and extra-curricular experiences of these women and how they fitted in within a very masculine sphere. In addition, this chapter will also explore women’s day-to-day student lives and the challenges they faced in pursuit of their education.

Control of Purple Nutsedge by 2,4-D, Paraquat, and Dinoseb

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Standifer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) plants from tubers uniformly planted in fumigated soil were treated with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4-6-dinitrophenol). Repeated applications were made as required on the 1972 and 1973 plantings for one growing season. Emerged plants and their parent tubers were killed by four (1972) or five (1973) applications of paraquat. Three applications of 2,4-D were required for control in 1972. In 1973, a single treatment of 2,4-D afforded almost complete control. Three applications of dinoseb were required in 1972, but five were required in 1973.

Growth and Development of Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) Selections in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Piotr Tobola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Biomass

Wild poinsettia is a serious weed in several crops, including peanut, grown in the southeastern United States. A study was conducted over 3 yr at Jay, FL, to characterize the growth and development of wild poinsettia grown from seed collected at Plains, GA; Marianna, FL; and Baton Rouge, LA. Seedlings from each selection were transplanted to the field and were grown either alone or in competition with peanut. Observations made throughout the growing season indicated that the Louisiana selection flowered later, grew to a larger size, produced more leaf area and biomass, and caused greater light attenuation and peanut yield reduction than the other two selections. The Georgia selection produced the smallest plants, least leaf area and biomass, and was least competitive with peanut. The Florida selection was intermediate for these parameters. Wild poinsettia dry biomass production was reduced by 78 to 83% when grown with peanut compared with monoculture wild poinsettia.

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