scholarly journals SEGREGATION OF COMPACT GROWTH TYPES IN CERTAIN APPLE SEEDLING PROGENIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Lapins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Characteristic Number ◽  
Apple Seedling ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Compact Growth ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
One Year ◽  
Careful Assessment

Two-year-old apple seedlings of six progenies resulting from crosses between cultivars of standard growth or their compact mutants were classified for standard or compact growth type. A natural compact mutant of McIntosh (Wijcik) in combination with Golden Delicious transmitted compact growth habit to 43.9% of its progeny, whereas the radiation-induced compact mutant of McIntosh (8F-2-27), in the same combination did not transmit this characteristic. Number of side shoots, internodal length, and the ratio of length to diameter of one-year-old shoots were useful characteristics in distinguishing between the standard and compact growth types in two-year-old seedling trees. As the segregation of seedlings of compact growth habit is of great interest both from theoretical and practical aspects, a careful assessment of the transmissibility of compactness by mutant and non-mutated cultivars in various cross-combinations is suggested.

ABSCISIC ACID LEVELS AND GENETIC COMPACTION IN APPLE SEEDLINGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. LEE ◽  
N. E. LOONEY
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Compact Growth ◽  
Controlled Crosses

Apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) seedlings arising from controlled crosses involving McIntosh Wijcik segregate reliably into normal and compact growth types. The compact or spur-type seedlings have shorter, thicker stems; shorter internodes; and a strong upright, nonbranching growth habit. They contained less free ABA per shoot tip than normal seedlings. A reliable and rapid method for extracting and measuring ABA is described.

scholarly journals Environmental cues affecting horseweed (Conyza canadensis) growth type and their sensitivity to glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
John A. Schramski ◽  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Eric L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Winter Annual

Abstract Horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist] is a facultative winter annual weed that can emerge from March to November in Michigan. Fall emerging C. canadensis overwinters as a rosette, while spring emerging C. canadensis skips the rosette stage and immediately grows upright upon emergence. In Michigan, primary emergence recently shifted from fall to spring/summer and therefore from a rosette to an upright growth type. Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether both C. canadensis growth types could originate from a single parent and 2) if common environmental cues can influence growth type. Variations in temperature, photoperiod, competition, shading, and soil moisture only resulted in the rosette growth type in four C. canadensis populations originating from seed collected from a single parent of the upright growth type. However, a vernalization period of four weeks following water imbibition, but prior to germination, resulted in the upright growth type. Dose-response experiments were conducted to determine whether glyphosate sensitivity differed between C. canadensis growth types generated from a single parent of the upright growth type. Upright type C. canadensis from known glyphosate-resistant populations ISB-18 and MSU-18 were four and three-fold less sensitive to glyphosate than their rosette siblings, respectively. Interestingly, differences in glyphosate sensitivity was not observed between growth types from the susceptible population. These results suggest that while C. canadensis populations shift from winter to summer annual lifecycles, concurrent increases in glyphosate resistance could occur.

Circumstantial evidence of effect of trout farming on length-weight relations of native fish species: Barbus oligolepis (Battalgil, 1941) and Squalius cii (Richardson, 1857)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
elin Ertürk Gürkan
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
B Value ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

This study was carried out to reveal how the aquaculture activities, located near the stream bed, effect the length-weight relations of native freshwater fish. Fish samples were collected on monthly for one year on the Kocabaş Stream (Çanakkale), a trout farm constructed next to stream. Fish specimens were collected from up and down sections of the trout farm and control station selected from another branch of the stream by electrofishing between August 2015-July 2016. The growth type sign; b value in length-weight relationship indicates that both species are in positive allometry at the down station and isometric growth at the upper station. Fish farm might affect the growth type of both species positively due to contribution of extra food resources originated from the farm via discharge of waste water of trout farm at the down section. However, this hypothesis should be tested by proper growth parameters of the fish species.

TREE GROWTH HABITS IN RADIATION-INDUCED MUTANTS OF McINTOSH APPLE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Lapins
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Tree Type

Four-year-old trees of 20 radiation-induced mutants of the McIntosh cultivar were compared for tree vigor and growth type. Wide variation in tree vigor was found among clones. In tree type, various degrees of compactness were recorded. Tree vigor and compactness of growth showed all possible combinations among the various clones, an indication that each character was affected independently by irradiation treatment.

The responses to defoliation of two strains of subterranean clover, differing in growth habit, when grown in swards

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
WJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Compact Growth ◽  
Effective Yield ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Cutting Height

Dense swards of two strains of T. subterraneum-herein referred to as C and P-were compared at two heights of cutting-1.5 cm (low) and 5.0 cm (high)-and two frequencies of defoliation- 1-weekly (frequent) and 4- or 5-weekly (infrequent). Strain C has smaller leaves than P and a compact, in contrast to a lax, growth habit. The swards (initial density of c. 25 plants/dm2) were grown in boxes, out of doors, at Perth from 27 April to 20 September. Mean daily solar radiation varied from c. 10 to 16 MJ/m2 and average daily maximum and minimum temperatures were c. 20� and 10�C respectively. The principal finding was that under defoliation stress (i.e. low cutting) strain C yielded more than P, whereas at a lower level of stress (high cutting) there was usually little if any difference between these strains. This effect was established for the most part before the first harvest, at day 55; thereafter, with continued defoliation stress, strain P appeared to worsen slightly relative to C. The results provide support for the view that strains with a compact growth habit are less susceptible to defoliation (or grazing) stress than taller strains of lax growth habit. Generally, the total yield of tops and also the effective yield (as cut and removed material) decreased when cutting height was lowered. Also, infrequent cutting increased effective yield, particularly under low density (four plants/dm2) as observed in an ancillary experiment.

scholarly journals LONG DAYS PROMOTE FLOWERING OF ARMERIA MARITIMA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 575e-575
Author(s):  
J.T. Lehmann ◽  
M.L. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Compact Growth ◽  
Armeria Maritima ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Short Days

Armeria maritima was studied to provide guidelines for flowering potted plant production. Seed and vegetatively propagated plants were exposed to 9-hr, 13-hr, or 17-hr photoperiods. Flowering was enhanced under the 13-hr and 17-hr photoperiods. Peduncle and leaf length were shorter, and plants were more compact under short days (SD, 9-hr photoperiod) than under long days (LD). When grown under SDs then moved at monthly intervals to LDs, the degree to which the compact growth habit (CH) was expressed was dependent upon the length of exposure to SDs. Plants with the CH produced fewer inflorescences than full growth habit plants. Plants held in cold storage (4C) flowered more profusely under LDs, but had a delay in flowering. There was more uniform flowering for plants held in cold storage than those held in a cool greenhouse (7C night temperature).

scholarly journals GROWTH ENHANCEMENT OF PHOTINIA × FRASERI WITH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF GROWTH REGULATORS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125b-1125
Author(s):  
Allen D. Owings ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Application

The action of foliar-applied uniconazole, paclobutrazol, dikegulac-sodium, ancymidol, 6-BA, GA4+7, and 6-BA + GA4+7 On container–grown Photinia × fraseri was studied over a one year period. Vegetative growth habit was evaluated at three month intervals. Shoot dry weight and histological examination of stern anatomy in the apical meristematic region was conducted at experiment termination.Several plant growth regulators, primarily uniconazole, 6-BA, 6-BA + GA4+7, and dikegulac-sodium, stimulated lateral branching. Linear increases in lateral branching occurred as application rates increased. High application rates of uniconazole and paclobutrazol created an asymmetrical growth habit and decreased dry weight accumulation.

scholarly journals Spray and Drench Treatments of Paclobutrazol Influence Growth of Dissotis and Tibouchina

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1514-1517
Author(s):  
Susan M. Hawkins ◽  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Carol D. Robacker
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Compact Growth ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Open Growth

Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana and Tibouchina fothergillae ×pilosa are members of the Melastomataceae family with high ornamental potential. The growth habits of these species are not ideal for nursery production or shipping. D. rotundifolia grows rapidly and needs frequent pruning. T. fothergillae ×pilosa has an open growth habit and could benefit from a more compact form. The effect of the plant growth regulator (PGR) paclobutrazol on D. rotundifolia and T. fothergillae ×pilosa was assessed to determine whether it could produce plants with a more compact growth habit. Paclobutrazol was applied as a drench and a spray. Drench application was more effective in reducing the growth of both species. Spray application was effective in reducing the growth of D. rotundifolia but was not effective on T. fothergillae ×pilosa. Neither drench nor spray application delayed or reduced flowering in D. rotundifolia. T. fothergillae ×pilosa did not flower during the study. For both D. rotundifolia and T. fothergillae ×pilosa, neither drench nor spray application had an effect on root dry weight. Low-to-medium dosages were effective at controlling plant growth in D. rotundifolia and T. fothergillae ×pilosa without adverse effects on plants. Drench treatments have more persistent effects on plant growth than spray treatments.

scholarly journals Short senolytic or senostatic interventions rescue progression of radiation-induced frailty and premature ageing in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Fielder ◽  
Tengfei Wan ◽  
Ghazaleh Alimohammadiha ◽  
Abbas Ishaq ◽  
Evon Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Premature Ageing ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
One Year ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Cancer survivors suffer from progressive frailty, multimorbidity and premature morbidity. We hypothesize that therapy-induced senescence and senescence progression via bystander effects is a significant cause of this premature ageing phenotype. Accordingly, the study addresses the question whether a short anti-senescence intervention is able to block progression of radiation-induced frailty and disability in a pre-clinical setting. Male mice were sub-lethally irradiated at 5 months of age and treated (or not) with either a senolytic drug (Navitoclax or dasatinib + quercetin) for 10 days or with the senostatic metformin for 10 weeks. Follow up was for one year. Treatments commencing within a month after irradiation effectively reduced frailty progression (p<0.05) and improved muscle (p<0.01) and liver (p<0.05) function as well as short-term memory (p<0.05) until advanced age with no need for repeated interventions. Senolytic interventions that started late, after radiation-induced premature frailty was manifest, still had beneficial effects on frailty (p<0.05) and short-term memory (p<0.05). Metformin was similarly effective as senolytics. At therapeutically achievable concentrations metformin acted as a senostatic neither via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, nor via improvement of mitophagy or mitochondrial function, but by reducing non-mitochondrial ROS production via NOX4 inhibition in senescent cells. Our study suggests that the progression of adverse long-term health and quality-of-life effects of radiation exposure, as experienced by cancer survivors, might be rescued by short-term adjuvant antisenescence interventions.

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