CONTRIBUTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF THE MAJOR PLANT COMPONENTS OF OATS THROUGH PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER ◽  
J. E. TROELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Stem Lignin ◽  
Plant Components

Two oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars, Harmon and Sioux, and an unlicensed cultivar of Avena orientalis L., referred to as "Yorkton," were harvested at the early leaf, before boot, boot, headed, early bloom, late bloom, milk, dough, and ripe stages. Yorkton gave smaller yields than the other two cultivars at all stages after heading, but was slightly more leafy. Percent leaves by weight for all cultivars varied from near 90% in first cut to about 14% when ripe. Crude protein of leaves declined from 30 to 6% over the nine cuttings whereas that of stems went from 24 to 5%. Leaf lignin increased from 35 to 50% through the whole range of growth whereas stem lignin increased more rapidly from 45 to 70% in a shorter period of time. Leaves had 20% more energy than did stems. They were also 10% more digestible as determined by in vitro digestible organic matter. As whole plant feed there was no advantage in delaying harvest beyond the milk to soft dough stage.

The nutritive value of normal and brown midrib-3 maize

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Weller ◽  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
E. S. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Components

SummaryNormal and brown midrib-3 (bm3) maize plants of three genotypes (Inra 188, Inra 240 and Inra 258) were sampled at three stages of maturity. Whole crop and plant components were analysed for in vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and the concentration of neutral detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, xylose, soluble sugars, starch and total nitrogen in the dry matter.The concentrations of total nitrogen, neutral detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose and xylose were similar in both normal and bm3 plants. Xylose was the main constituent sugar of hemicellulose forming 70–75% of the total hemicellulose. The higher concentration of soluble sugars and lower concentration of starch in the bm3 plants was attributed to the later maturity of the bm3 plants.The bm3 gene significantly reduced lignin synthesis in the whole plant and plant components at all harvests. The mean concentration of lignin in the normal and bm3 plants were 2·2 and 1·4%, respectively. The ferulic and p-coumaric acid concentrations in the bm3 plants were 1·31 and 0·93 mg/g D.M. compared with 1·59 and 1·16 mg/g D.M. for the normal plants, respectively.The in vitro DOMD values for the bm3 plants were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than their normal counterparts.

scholarly journals Effect of seedbed methods and time of harvest on the yield and nutritive value of some forage crops grown on Vertisol at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Abate Tedla ◽  
Helena Airaksinen ◽  
M. A. Mohamed-Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The influence of the improved drainage broadbed and furrow (BBF), as opposed to the traditional flat seedbed over the growing season on the dry matter yield and nutritive value of Avena sativa, Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus, Vida dasycarpa, Trifolium steudneri and Sesbania sesban were studied on Vertisol. Up to 7 t/ha dry matter yield was recorded for Avena sativa and Lablab purpureus when planted on Vertisols with improved drainage. Dry matter yield of forage crops also increased with advance in stage of maturity or subsequent harvests. On both improved and traditional flat seedbed methods, the chemical analysis of forage crops showed similar declines in crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) levels as the maturity of forage crops progressed.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHOLE-PLANT CEREALS AT A SILAGE STAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. TINGLE ◽  
W. K. DAWLEY
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Cereal Cultivars

Ten cereal cultivars and two cereal mixtures were sown at two locations in 3 yr to determine the effects of species, cultivar and location on dry matter (DM) yield, protein and digestibility levels at the soft-dough stage. Jubilee barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and a 40:60 mixture of Glen oats (Avena sativa L.) and Jubilee barley, respectively, produced significantly higher DM yields than Warrior and Piroline barley and Pitic 62 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Rosner triticale (Triticosecale Whitmack) was lower yielding than all cultivars except Warrior at one location. The average DM digestibility and protein levels for barley exceeded those for oats by 6.5 and 1.4 units, respectively. Likewise, the actual values for Pitic 62 spring wheat were 8.2 digestible units and 1.1 protein units above those of oats. Rosner triticale was intermediate between oats and barley for digestibility and crude protein. Jubilee in mixture with Glen produced more digestible DM than Pitic 62, Rosner, Sioux, Glen, Warrior and Piroline sown alone.

The development of plant components and their effects on the composition of fresh and ensiled forage maize: 1. The accumulation of dry matter, chemical composition and nutritive value of fresh maize

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
R. F. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
White Horse ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plant Components

SummaryResults from two trials, in which the effects of genotype, plant density and harvest date on the accumulation of dry matter and the chemical composition and nutritive value of plant components, are presented. Inra 200, LG11, Maris Saffron, Caldera 535, Anjou 210 and White Horse Tooth were established at 5·0, 9·8 and 13·5 plants/m2 in factorially designed experiments.In vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, starch, total nitrogen, acid-detergent fibre, cellulose, lignin, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, zinc, manganese and copper were analysed for the whole crop and plant components.With the exception of White Horse Tooth, stem yields declined after reaching a peak 2–3 weeks after mid-silk. This was attributed to movement of water-soluble carbohydrates from the stem to the ear, with greater movement being associated with a larger ear component. As a result the in vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter value of the stem component was greater for crops containing a small proportion of ear. The higher stem digestibility value compensated for the small ear component, with the result that the varying proportions of plant components did not markedly affect whole-crop digestibility prior to ensiling.The greater deposition of starch in crops with a large ear component caused a significantly more rapid rise in whole-crop D.M. content than in crops with a small ear component.Acid-detergent fibre and lignin values for the whole crop were much lower than those recorded in the U.S.A. Genotype and plant density had no effect on mineral content but phosphorus and potassium concentrations declined dramatically after frost.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

AN EVALUATION OF ALTAI WILD RYE, ELYMUS ANGUSTUS TRIN., AS A FORAGE CROP

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wild Rye ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted with Altai wild rye (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild rye (Elymus junceus), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) on their relative merits as forage crops in the arid climate of Saskatchewan. The data show that Altai wild rye produced as much forage as Russian wild rye but less than crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. However, it appeared to be less competitive with alfalfa than the other grasses in the test. The nutritive value of Altai wild rye was as good as or better than that of the other grasses; it excelled all of them in crude protein content throughout the season and contained about the same amount of fibre and fat at most stages of development; its ash content was higher than that of the other three grasses in 1954, a wet year, but only higher than the two wheatgrasses in 1957, a very dry year. Comparisons regarding palatability and digestibility suggest that Altai wild rye equals the better grasses in this respect. The study also indicates that nutritive value of grasses throughout the growing season varies much more in wet years when normal plant development occurs, than in dry years when growth is slow and sporadic.

Agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. A. NEVES ◽  
R. D. SANTOS ◽  
L. G. R. PEREIRA ◽  
G. F. OLIVEIRA ◽  
C. B. SCHERER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage sorghum (FS) (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a key feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The present paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars (BRS Ponta Negra variety, BRS 655 hybrid, BR 601 hybrid, BRS 506 variety and BRS 610 hybrid). Forages were grown (randomized complete block design) in a typical Brazilian north-eastern semi-arid climate, irrigated with 267 mm water, harvested as plants reached the soft dough stage of grain maturity and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês lambs. BRS 506 outperformed the other cultivars in dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yields/ha. BRS 506 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents and the highestin vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the cultivars examined. BRS 655 produced the lowest level of lactic acid and the highest pH and ammonia-N concentration. There was no difference in intake or digestibility of DM among cultivars. Silages produced from BRS Ponta Negra resulted in higher crude protein (CP) intake than BRS 655. Silages made from BRS 506 and BRS Ponta Negra resulted in a greater digestibility of CP than those produced from BRS 655. Intake of NDF in silages generated from BRS Ponta Negra and BRS 610 was higher than that found in other cultivars. Although an average Brazilian North-eastern FS exhibited similar characteristics to other cultivars grown in dry regions around the world, the results indicated that BRS 506 had a yield advantage and higher nutritive value under Brazilian semi-arid conditions as compared to the other cultivars examined.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF RANGE FORAGE PLANTS OF THE STIPA-BOUTELOUA PRAIRIE

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Smoliak ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Shrubby Species

Five native grasses and one sedge of the Stipa-Bouteloua prairie, three introduced grasses collected at five stages of growth, and four shrubby species collected at three stages of growth were analyzed for proximate chemical constituents.The amounts of phosphorus and digestible and crude protein of all species decreased with maturity, while the cellulose increased. Introduced grasses generally contained more crude protein than native grasses. Shrubby species were higher in crude protein and phosphorus than native grasses. No consistent trend was observed in relative total ash and calcium content at progressive stages of development. The estimated nutritive value index was high for all grasses and low for two Artemisia species. The seasonal declines in crude protein and phosphorus suggest that protein and phosphorus supplements are desirable for range cattle during the fall, winter, and early spring.

PREDICTED FORAGE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CEREALS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Forage Value

Dry matter yield, percent dry weight, in vitro digestible dry matter, in vitro digestible organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash and hemicellulose contents were determined for spring- and fall-sown common wheat, barley, rye and triticale and spring-sown durum wheat and oats for the period from late boot to maturity. Differences among cultivars and stages of maturity were significant for all parameters. These differences were accompanied by stage of maturity interactions. Consideration of the interrelationships among these parameters revealed that level of in vitro digestible dry matter was reflected in measures of acid detergent fiber and ash or percent dry weight. Further analyses indicated that differences in digestibility due to stage of maturity were primarily reflected by changes in ash or percent dry weight, while differences in digestibility among cultivars were mainly attributable to differences in acid detergent fiber.

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