DESICCATION OF SUNFLOWER WITH DIQUAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
W. DEDIO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Weight Test

Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at various stages of maturity in a 3-yr study to determine its effects on some agronomic and quality characteristics. The applications effectively hastened drying of the leaves and heads but stem drying was variable. Achene drying depended largely on the weather, with good advancement in some instances, but little advancement under cool, damp weather conditions. Advancement in harvest date by the treatments, taking into account both seed and plant drying, ranged from 0 to 26 days. Application made before physiological maturity reduced yield, oil content, 1000-achene weight, test weight and protein content of the meal. Fatty acid composition was also affected but to a lesser extent. There was no effect on achene germination. Applications made after the moisture content of the achenes had dropped below 45% did not appear to have any detrimental effects on achene yield or quality.Key words: Sunflower, desiccation, diquat

MUTANTS OBTAINED BY CHRONIC GAMMA IRRADIATION FROM A CARPATHIAN-UKRAINIAN LOCAL SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] VARIETY: I. M3 AND M4 GENERATIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
M. Hajós-Novák ◽  
F. Kőrösi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Selection For

Mutant soybean germplasm was developed from a Carpathian-Ukrainian local variety, using 100–300 Gy chronic gamma irradiation to obtain lines with improved oil and/or protein content. The mutant germplasm was developed by the pedigree method. Selection for high oil and protein content started in the M3 generation. Plants with 24.1 and 23.6% oil content in the seeds were detected in the M4 generation. There were negative, moderate (r = –0.4) and significant (P<0.1 and P<0.01) correlations between the oil content and the 1000-seed weight in both the M3 and M4 generations. The fatty acid composition in the seeds of plants with high oil content was favourable. It is suggested that selection for oil content in the seeds should be started in the M4 generation. Due to the limited genetic variation for protein content no mutant genotypes with higher protein content than that of the control could be identified.

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING PODS AND SEEDS OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) AS AFFECTED BY POD POSITION ON THE PLANT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DIEPENBROCK ◽  
G. GEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Plants of rape (Brassica napus L. ’Erglu’) were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The growth and composition of pods (hulls) and seeds was followed from the day when flowering took place to maturity. Pod development could be divided into three stages. In the first stage hull growth was more rapid than seed growth. Nitrogen accumulation in hulls occurred at a maximum and seeds were characterized by a high protein content but a low oil content and a fatty acid composition similar to that of photosynthetic tissue. During the second phase dry matter of hulls began to decrease, nitrogen was exported and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation grew to a maximum. At the same time the protein content of seeds declined while oil content increased rapidly. The fatty acid composition had reached the final condition. In the third stage hulls continued to lose dry matter and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation decreased dramatically. Pod growth was affected by the location of the pod on the plant. The individual seed weight and the fatty acid compvsition at 16 days after flowering indicated an accelerated development of seeds from axillary branches. Pods from the main branch generally produced the largest amount of seed dry matter. From these results the ideal high-yielding rape plant was characterized.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF HIGH OLEIC WINTER RAPESEED BRED AT VNIIMK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Golova ◽  
◽  
L.А. Gorlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

Middle content of oleic acid in high oleic lines of winter rapeseed in hot 2019 was maximal and equal to 81.2 %, and minimal one – in a cool 2017 – 75.3 %. Studying of influence of day and night air temperatures in a period of seed formation (19.0–32.4/10.6–24.0 °С) on oil and glucosinolate contents in seeds of high oleic winter rapeseed did not demonstrated any significant dependences between these traits. There were not observed any important relations between amount of precipitations in a period of seed formation and oil content, fatty-acid composition of oil and glucosinolatec content in high oleic winter rapeseed.

Quality of maize ( Zea mays L.) kernels as affected by the NP supplies of the soil

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Izsáki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Maize Kernels

In a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment with 64 treatments representing all possible combinations of four rates each of N, P and K, set up on chernozem meadow soil in Szarvas in 1989, the protein and oil contents and the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of the maize grain yield were analysed between 1997 and 2004.The protein content of the maize kernels increased by 1.1–1.5 percentage points up to a NO 3 -N level of 80–100 kg ha −1 in the 0–60 cm soil layer prior to sowing. The year had a greater influence on the protein content than the N supplies. No consistent effect of N on the amino acid composition, detectable as a change in the ratio of any amino acid in the majority of experimental years, was observed. In the AL-P 2 O 5 range of 120–362 mg kg −1 in the ploughed layer, the soil P supplies had no statistically significant effect on the kernel protein content. In most years the P supplies had little effect on the amino acid composition of the protein. The oil content and fatty acid composition of maize kernels was extremely stable, and was very little affected by the nutrient supplies or the year. During the experimental period excessive N supplies were only found to reduce the oil content and modify the fatty acid composition on one occasion. The oil content and fatty acid composition were not substantially affected by the P supplies.

Maturation of sunflower

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
South Wales

Maturation of sunflowers was recorded in two field sowings at Armidale, New South Wales. Measurements were made to define anthesis, the accumulation of dry weight, oil and fatty acids in the achenes and to determine moisture contents and crop appearance associated with achene maturation. It is suggested that anthesis may be described either as its mid-point, i.e. when 50% of capitula exhibit anthesis over half their area, or by its spread, i.e. the time between 50% of capitula commenced anthesis and 50 %completed anthesis. Maximum achene dry weight was reached in the field when the achene moisture content was about 40 and the capitulum moisture content was about 70%. Both achene oil content and the content of the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic) reached their maxima at about the same time as achene dry weight in the field and this point was thus defined as 'physiological' maturity for sunflowers. It corresponded to when about ten per cent of capitula had turned brown. Production of linoleic and oleic acid was found to predominate in the later stages of achene maturation in both field sowings.

scholarly journals Dehulling capacity and storability of naked oat

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-M. KIRKKARI ◽  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽  
P. LEHTINEN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Hull Content ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Environment Control

Harvested naked oat is not completely hulless. Hull content of various cultivars ranged between one and six percent. Genotype and environment control expression of nakedness. Using different threshing settings at different grain moisture contents, it was investigated whether grain moisture at threshing and combine harvester settings affected hull content and its relationship to germination capacity. Naked groats were stored at room temperature and analysed for protein content and fatty acid composition to determine storability. Grain moisture content at threshing had contrary effects on hull content and degree of hull retention in different years. Small grains tended to retain hulls more tightly during threshing. Grain filling capacity appears to be the dominant factor determining degree of nakedness rather than stage of maturity. The postulated protective nature of hulls was confirmed only for cultivar Lisbeth. Highly viable samples of grain of cv. Lisbeth, threshed at normal settings, contained a higher percentage of hulls than those with low germination capacity, while for cv. Bullion, a protective effect of the hulls was not evident. Grain moisture content at threshing did not affect protein content of naked cultivars, but some differences in fatty acid composition were recorded. Changes in lipid composition and volatile oxidation products during storage of groats were relatively moderate, indicating no major problems related to storage when naked oat was dried well.;

scholarly journals Xenia and metaxenia affects bioactive compounds of hazelnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Huseyin Irfan Balik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Dominant Fatty Acid

The study aimed to assess the effects of pollinator cultivars on the bioactive compounds of hazelnut cultivars. ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’, ‘Çakıldak’, ‘Foşa’ and ‘Allahverdi’ were used as the main cultivars and ‘Sivri’, ‘Kalınkara’ and ‘Yassı Badem’ were used as the pollinators. Self-pollination was accepted as control. It was determined that pollinator cultivars resulted in significant changes in oil and protein ratios and fatty acid composition of hazelnut cultivars mostly because of xenia and metaxenia effects. Protein content and oil content changed depending on pollinator cultivar. The oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in all hazelnut cultivars.

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