MUTANTS OBTAINED BY CHRONIC GAMMA IRRADIATION FROM A CARPATHIAN-UKRAINIAN LOCAL SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] VARIETY: I. M3 AND M4 GENERATIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
M. Hajós-Novák ◽  
F. Kőrösi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Selection For

Mutant soybean germplasm was developed from a Carpathian-Ukrainian local variety, using 100–300 Gy chronic gamma irradiation to obtain lines with improved oil and/or protein content. The mutant germplasm was developed by the pedigree method. Selection for high oil and protein content started in the M3 generation. Plants with 24.1 and 23.6% oil content in the seeds were detected in the M4 generation. There were negative, moderate (r = –0.4) and significant (P<0.1 and P<0.01) correlations between the oil content and the 1000-seed weight in both the M3 and M4 generations. The fatty acid composition in the seeds of plants with high oil content was favourable. It is suggested that selection for oil content in the seeds should be started in the M4 generation. Due to the limited genetic variation for protein content no mutant genotypes with higher protein content than that of the control could be identified.

Genetic variation in fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat in cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kelly ◽  
R. K. Tume ◽  
S. Newman ◽  
J. M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Selection For

Genetic parameters were estimated for fatty acid composition of subcutaneous beef fat of 1573 animals which were the progeny of 157 sires across seven breeds grown out on pasture and then finished on either grain or grass in northern New South Wales or in central Queensland. There was genetic variation in individual fatty acids with estimates of heritability for the proportions of C14 : 0, C14 : 1c9, C16 : 0, C16 : 1c9, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1c9 fatty acids in subcutaneous beef fat of the order of 0.4 or above. Also substantial correlations between some fatty acids were observed. Genetic correlations between fatty acids and fat depth at the P8 site suggested that much of the genetic variation in fatty acid composition was related to changes in fatness. Selection for decreased fatness resulted in decreased proportions of C18 : 1c9 with concomitant increases in C18 : 0, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. This suggested that selection for decreased fatness at a given weight will result in a decrease in the proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat in the carcass with a corresponding increase in the proportions of saturated fatty acids.

Variation for oil quantity and quality in linseed (Linum usitatissimum)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Green ◽  
DR Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Low Levels

Significant variation in seed weight, oil content and fatty acid composition was found both between and within varieties in a diverse collection of 214 Linum usitatissimum accessions. Parent-offspring correlation analysis indicated that at least a proportion of the variation within several varieties was due to genetic heterogeneity. Lines were identified that had up to 46 % oil, compared with the 40 % present in the current Australian cultivar, Glenelg. High oil content was consistently associated with larger seeds. Oleic acid and linolenic acid varied between 13.3 and 25.2%, and 45.5 and 64.2 %, respectively, and were strongly negatively correlated within and between all varieties tested. The level of variation is insufficient to develop lines with less than 5 % linolenic acid by conventional hybridization and selection techniques. It is concluded that mutation breeding and interspecific hybridization are more promising approaches to the breeding of linseed genotypes containing low levels of linolenic acid.

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING PODS AND SEEDS OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) AS AFFECTED BY POD POSITION ON THE PLANT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DIEPENBROCK ◽  
G. GEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Plants of rape (Brassica napus L. ’Erglu’) were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The growth and composition of pods (hulls) and seeds was followed from the day when flowering took place to maturity. Pod development could be divided into three stages. In the first stage hull growth was more rapid than seed growth. Nitrogen accumulation in hulls occurred at a maximum and seeds were characterized by a high protein content but a low oil content and a fatty acid composition similar to that of photosynthetic tissue. During the second phase dry matter of hulls began to decrease, nitrogen was exported and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation grew to a maximum. At the same time the protein content of seeds declined while oil content increased rapidly. The fatty acid composition had reached the final condition. In the third stage hulls continued to lose dry matter and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation decreased dramatically. Pod growth was affected by the location of the pod on the plant. The individual seed weight and the fatty acid compvsition at 16 days after flowering indicated an accelerated development of seeds from axillary branches. Pods from the main branch generally produced the largest amount of seed dry matter. From these results the ideal high-yielding rape plant was characterized.

Quality of maize ( Zea mays L.) kernels as affected by the NP supplies of the soil

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Izsáki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Maize Kernels

In a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment with 64 treatments representing all possible combinations of four rates each of N, P and K, set up on chernozem meadow soil in Szarvas in 1989, the protein and oil contents and the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of the maize grain yield were analysed between 1997 and 2004.The protein content of the maize kernels increased by 1.1–1.5 percentage points up to a NO 3 -N level of 80–100 kg ha −1 in the 0–60 cm soil layer prior to sowing. The year had a greater influence on the protein content than the N supplies. No consistent effect of N on the amino acid composition, detectable as a change in the ratio of any amino acid in the majority of experimental years, was observed. In the AL-P 2 O 5 range of 120–362 mg kg −1 in the ploughed layer, the soil P supplies had no statistically significant effect on the kernel protein content. In most years the P supplies had little effect on the amino acid composition of the protein. The oil content and fatty acid composition of maize kernels was extremely stable, and was very little affected by the nutrient supplies or the year. During the experimental period excessive N supplies were only found to reduce the oil content and modify the fatty acid composition on one occasion. The oil content and fatty acid composition were not substantially affected by the P supplies.

DESICCATION OF SUNFLOWER WITH DIQUAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
W. DEDIO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Weight Test

Diquat was applied at 0.3 kg (a.i.)/ha to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at various stages of maturity in a 3-yr study to determine its effects on some agronomic and quality characteristics. The applications effectively hastened drying of the leaves and heads but stem drying was variable. Achene drying depended largely on the weather, with good advancement in some instances, but little advancement under cool, damp weather conditions. Advancement in harvest date by the treatments, taking into account both seed and plant drying, ranged from 0 to 26 days. Application made before physiological maturity reduced yield, oil content, 1000-achene weight, test weight and protein content of the meal. Fatty acid composition was also affected but to a lesser extent. There was no effect on achene germination. Applications made after the moisture content of the achenes had dropped below 45% did not appear to have any detrimental effects on achene yield or quality.Key words: Sunflower, desiccation, diquat

scholarly journals Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations for Yield and Quality Traits of Advanced Generations in a Cross of Peanut1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Yang Chiow ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Yields

Abstract The potential for selecting favorable early maturing Virginia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines from advanced generations following a cross between an early maturing Spanish (ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) and a large fruited Virginia type (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) was evaluated. Variability, broad and narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated for the parents and 39 progeny lines in F5 and F6 generation grown over four location-year environments. Substantial variability among the progenies was observed for yield, seed weight/20 fruits, meat content and protein content while less variability was observed for fruit length, 20-fruit weight, oil content and a maturity index. Heritability estimates obtained from variance component analysis and parent-offspring regression were highest for yield, meat content and protein content; intermediate for fruit length, 20-fruit weight, seed weight/20 fruits; and lowest for oil content and a maturity index. Genotypic correlations generally were higher than phenotypic correlations. Low phenotypic correlations for the maturity index with yield and yield components suggested the possible recovery of favorable recombinants with early maturity and high yields. Fruit size was highly correlated with seed weight and both were significantly correlated with yield suggesting that selection for large fruit in this population would result in higher yield. Correlations between protein content and yield were low. Oil content was negatively correlated with yield indicating improvement in oil content could result in lower yield. Calculation of the relative efficiency of selection among traits indicated that (a) selection for yield components was not as effective as selection for yield itself, and (b) selection for yield could also increase protein content, several fruit and seed traits but would decrease meat and oil content. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits studied. Progeny means for all traits were distributed nearer the spanish parent than the virginia parent. However, a few favorable recombinants with early maturity, high yields and large fruits were observed among the progenies.

scholarly journals Xenia and metaxenia affects bioactive compounds of hazelnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Huseyin Irfan Balik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Dominant Fatty Acid

The study aimed to assess the effects of pollinator cultivars on the bioactive compounds of hazelnut cultivars. ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’, ‘Çakıldak’, ‘Foşa’ and ‘Allahverdi’ were used as the main cultivars and ‘Sivri’, ‘Kalınkara’ and ‘Yassı Badem’ were used as the pollinators. Self-pollination was accepted as control. It was determined that pollinator cultivars resulted in significant changes in oil and protein ratios and fatty acid composition of hazelnut cultivars mostly because of xenia and metaxenia effects. Protein content and oil content changed depending on pollinator cultivar. The oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in all hazelnut cultivars.

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