EFFECT OF FORAGE HARVEST ON GRAIN YIELD AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WINTER TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. POYSA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Winter Triticale

In field experiments at Guelph, Ontario four winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes, one winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), and one winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were evaluated during three seasons for grain yield, forage yield, and agronomic performance following forage harvests at two stages of plant development in the spring. When the results were averaged across all the winter cereals, spring cuttings decreased final plant height and incidence of lodging and delayed the heading date by up to 2 wk, but did not consistently affect test weight. The early joint forage harvest reduced average grain yields by 6% while the mid-joint harvest, about 1 wk later, reduced yields by 28%. The early joint harvest yielded, on average, 1.5 tonnes/ha of forage while the mid-joint harvest yielded 2.2 tonnes/ha. OAC Wintri triticale, however, yielded, on average, 0.5 tonnes/ha more grain following the early joint harvest than the uncut control. Forage cutting of OAC Wintri might be an effective method for obtaining additional forage production, reducing lodging, and increasing grain yield in years when spring vegetative growth is luxuriant.Key words: Forage harvest, spring cutting, triticale (winter), wheat (winter), rye (winter), lodging, grain yield

Primordia and leaf production in winter wheat, triticale, and rye under field conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1972-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hunt ◽  
Anne-Marie Chapleau
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Leaf Emergence

Primordia production and leaf emergence were investigated in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and two related species, winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack), under field conditions in Southern Ontario, a region with a humid continental climate. Primordia initiation could be adequately described by a linear regression of primordia number on accumulated degree-days in the 1st year of study, 1981 – 1982. In the 2nd year, however, a linear relationship was noticed only in the late winter and early spring, with the rate of primordia production being distinctly lower earlier in the season. The rate of primordia initiation was faster in the ryes than in the wheats, a superiority which was associated with greater spikelet production. Triticale had an intermediate rate of primordia initiation but was closer to wheat in the timing of double ridge and terminal spikelet formation. Leaves emerged at a constant rate (degree-days base) which was similar in most of the cultivars.

CDC Clair winter wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Clair is a high-yielding, strong-strawed, semidwarf winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with good winterhardiness. When grown in western Canada, it has the high grain yield and agronomic performance of CDC Kestrel, but improved grain quality. The grain protein concentration of CDC Clair has been higher than that of CDC Kestrel and similar to Norstar. CDC Clair is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

scholarly journals Analysis of Yield and Yield Related Traits Variability of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cv. Izolda and Double Haploid Lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Janusz Kozdój ◽  
Dariusz R. Mańkowski ◽  
Monika Godzina-Sawczuk ◽  
Andrzej Czaplicki
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Yield Factor

AbstractThe yield-forming potential of winter wheat is determined by several factors, namely total number of shoots per plant and total number of spikelets per spike. The field experiments were conducted during three vegetation seasons at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute (PBAI–NRI), located in Radzików, Poland. The objective of this study was a comparative analysis of the structural yield-forming factor levels, which determine grain yield per spike and per plant of the DH lines and standard Izolda cultivar. Results indicate that several DH lines showed some differences in tested morphological structures of plant, yield factor levels and in grain yield per spike and per plant in comparison to standard Izolda, regardless of the year. Mean grain yield per plant of DH lines was 26.5% lower in comparison to standard Izolda only in the second year of study. It was caused by a reduction of productive tillers number. Structural yield-forming potential of DH lines was used in 38% and 59% and in case of Izolda in 47% and 61% (the second and the third year of experiment, respectively). The mean grain yield per spike of DH lines was 14.8% lower than Izolda cultivar only in third year of experiment and it was caused by about 12% lower number of grains per spike. Structural yield-forming potential of DH spikes was used in 82.4%, 85.4% and 84.9% and in case of Izolda in 83.8%, 87% and 89.5% (the first, the second and the third year of experiment, respectively). The grain yield per winter wheat plant (both DH lines and standard Izolda) was significantly correlated with the number of productive tillers per plant (r = 0.80). The grain yield per winter wheat spike (both DH lines and Izolda cultivar) was significantly and highly correlated with the number of grains per spike (r = 0.96), number of fertile spikelets per spike (r = 0.87) and the spike length (r = 0.80). Variation of spike and plant structural yield-forming factors determining grain yield levels were also analyzed. Calculated total variation coefficients values of each analyzed trait during three-year long studies were different depending on plant material – DH lines or standard Izolda. Low variation coefficients values characterized following traits (traits ranked by increasing values for DH lines and standard Izolda, respectively): total spikelets number per spike (6.6 and 6.3%), spike length (11.1 and 12.6%), fertile spikelets number per spike (13.7 and 11.7%), single grain weight (15.0 and 12.2%), shoot length (16.2 and 13.3%), grains number per spikelet (26.4 and 23.3%), total shoots number per plant (23.4 and 29.6%), grains number per spike (30.1 and 28.2%). Higher variation coefficients values were obtained for the following traits: grain yield per spike (40.0 and 35.7%), plant immature tillers number (35.8 and 42.6%), plant productive tillers number (42.2 and 43.2%), spike sterile spikelets number (46.6 and 44.7%) and number of grains per plant (58.3 and 60.5%). The highest values characterized grain yield per plant (66.9 and 60.8%).

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLERING, SPIKE NUMBER AND GRAIN YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ONTARIO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BULMAN ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Number

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the relationships between tillering, spike number and grain yield in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Treatments were designed to manipulate both the production and survival of tillers, and to provide a high number of spikes per unit area. One experiment involved growth regulator treatments with cycocel and gibberellic acid while the second involved various rates of nitrogen. Grain yield was linearly related to total spike number over a range of 400–1200 spikes m−2 in a combined analysis over locations and years. When only spikes with at least nine fertile spikelets were included, a greater amount of the variability in yield could be explained, and differences among cultivars were related to the number of small, unproductive spikes. When locations and years were analyzed separately, little evidence was found for a diminishing response between grain yield and total spike number. Spike number was related to maximum tiller number in 1982, when winterkill and early spring conditions were unfavorable. Thus, although good fall tillering and winter survival contribute most to producing high spike numbers and grain yield, cultivars must also have the ability both to tiller rapidly in the spring and to sustain high-yielding tillers to provide sufficient compensation following winterkill.Key words: tillering, spikes, yield, wheat, nitrogen, regulators

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WINTER CROPS VARIETIES ON ACCUMULATION OF PROLINO IN THE AUTUMN-WINTER PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Лилия Гильмуллина ◽  
Liliya Gil'mullina ◽  
Гульназ Маннапова ◽  
Gul'naz Mannapova ◽  
Гульнара Маннапова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Concentrations

Winter hardiness of plants depends on many factors: plant species, variety, duration of quenching phase and meteorological conditions. The reaction to stressful influences during the autumn-winter period is the changes in the cellular metabolism, in which the accumulation of various substances that protect plants from death occurs. Proline is a multifunctional amino acid, that accumulates in high concentrations in response to various abiotic stresses. The purpose of this study is to identify species and varietal differences in the accumulation of proline in winter crops in the Republic of Tatarstan. The material for research was the leaves of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.). The experiments were carried out under conditions of natural stress factors of three consecutive growing seasons of 2014-2017. To determine the state of wintering plants in dynamics, the content of free proline was determined by the Bates method. It is shown that the average values of proline content in winter rye and triticale increased from October to December, but decreased in February. Winter wheat had a further increase in the indicator. The amplitude of the oscillations in December in winter rye was 5.18-13.52 μmol/g, in winter triticale - 9.47-23.15 μmol/g, in winter wheat - 25.81-32.98 μmol/g. The greatest variability of proline values in the studied cultures was noted in February. For each of the winter crops, its reaction rate according to this criterion was revealed. However, there is an intraspecific specific character of the dynamics of the synthesis and breakdown of free proline. Among the studied varieties and hybrids of winter rye, 3 groups differed among themselves. The concentration of proline in the leaves of winter triticale approximated to the values of winter rye, and according to the dynamics of accumulation - to winter wheat.

scholarly journals Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ducsay ◽  
O. Ložek
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Wheat Grain

Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sl&aacute;dkovičovo-Nov&yacute; dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6<sup>th</sup> leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (N<sub>an</sub>) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure N<sub>an</sub> content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120&nbsp;kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing.

Effects of seed hydration on agronomic performance of wheat, barley and oats in central Alberta

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Kibite ◽  
K. N. Harker
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Moisture Conditions

A method of seed pretreatment called "seed hydration" has been proposed as a means of enhancing the ability of seed to germinate at suboptimal moisture conditions. A study was carried out to determine the effects of seed hydration on days to seedling emergence, days to anthesis, days to mature, grain yield and other agronomic characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) in central Alberta. Results from three field experiments carried out in 1986 and 1987 revealed that seed hydration had no effect on crops sown in moist soils, but on crops sown in dry soils, it increased the uniformity of seedling emergence and shortened (by about 1 or 2 d) the number of days to 50% seedling emergence. However, this 1–2 d advantage in seedling emergence did not affect grain yield or any of the other characteristics investigated. Key words: Oat, barley, wheat seed hydration, maturity, test weight

Winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer form and placement in southern Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
R. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Coated Urea

The recommended method for N fertilization to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the Canadian prairies has been to broadcast ammonium nitrate (AN) during early spring. In the Chinook region of southern Alberta, considerable interest exists in alternative formulations (particularly urea), times of application and placements. To determine the effect of alternative N fertilizer practices on winter wheat in southern Alberta, two field experiments were conducted over 2 consecutive years (1998-1999 and 1999-2000) at three locations. In the first experiment, fall applications of urea or coated urea, seed-placed or banded, were compared to the standard practice of spring-broadcast AN. At five of six sites, there was no difference between fall-banded urea and coated urea in plant stand, grain yield or protein concentrations when compared to spring-broadcast AN. In 1998-1999, fall-banded urea reduced grain yield by 13% at the site in the Brown soil. Seed-placed N was only safe for urea at 30 kg N ha-1 and for coated urea at rates up to 60 kg N ha-1. In the second experiment, urea and coated urea were broadcast in spring for comparison with AN. Coated urea was ineffective in dry years due to poor N release. Urea was equally effective as AN in this study, possibly due to the cool, dry conditions at the time of application and the relatively low surface soil pH levels at these reduced tillage sites. Further research will be required to confirm the effectiveness of this practice for this region. Key words: Ammonium nitrate, urea, coated urea, nitrogen fertilizer placement, nitrogen timing, grain protein

Sulfonylurea Herbicides Affect Hard Red Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Forage and Grain Yield

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Eugene G. Krenzer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Field experiments were conducted to determine whether residual sulfonylurea herbicides applied at cheat suppression rates affect hard red winter wheat forage production and grain yield. Triasulfuron at 30 g/ha or chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron at 26 g/ha applied PRE and metribuzin applied early POST alone at 280 g/ha or tank-mixed with triasulfuron at 158 + 30 g/ha or chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron at 210 + 21 g/ha, all decreased total forage production of weed-free wheat. Conversely, all herbicide treatments except triasulfuron applied PRE increased wheat grain yield.

WINTER SURVIVAL, FORAGE AND GRAIN YIELDS OF SPRING-SEEDED WINTER WHEAT AND WINTER RYE MOWED ONCE OR SEVERAL TIMES BEFORE WINTER

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Wm. G. CORNS ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Better Than

Winter wheat and winter rye seeded at Edmonton in May, 1969, were harvested for forage, either once at four different dates or repeatedly up to four times before winter. Winter wheat forage in plots mowed four times was over 6000 kg/ha (2.7 tons/acre). Winter survival, although only about 35%, was much superior to the 7–10% in unmowed controls. Forage yield from May-seeded winter rye mowed four times was about 5300 kg/ha (2.4 tons/acre). Winter survival was better than 85% in such plots compared with only about 30% in unmowed spring plots. The latest single mowing on September 1, or series of mowings ending on September 1, resulted in best winter survival from both spring-seeded crops. There was virtually complete survival of both crops that were unmowed after seeding on August 15. The grain yield from the spring-seeded rye that had the greatest amount of forage, noted above, and which had best winter survival was about two-thirds that of unmowed August-seeded rye.

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