scholarly journals Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ducsay ◽  
O. Ložek
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Wheat Grain

Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sl&aacute;dkovičovo-Nov&yacute; dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6<sup>th</sup> leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (N<sub>an</sub>) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure N<sub>an</sub> content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120&nbsp;kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing.

scholarly journals Effect of different forms of nitrogen fertlizers applied in the end of tillering on yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Ladislav Ducsay ◽  
Pavel Ryant
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Small Plot

In the years 1999 to 2001 in conditions of small-plot field experiments was carried out on loamy degraded chernozems at the Plant Breeding Station of Sládkovičovo-Nový Dvor to solve the problems of topdressing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.), variety Astella, with different forms of nitrogenous fertilizers. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6th leaf (Zadoks = 29). Four various forms of fertilizers were exemined: urea solution, DAM-390, DAM-390 + Dumag, DASA. Different weather conditions statistically highly significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen (30 kg N.ha–1) caused statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.29 t.ha–1 (applied of DAM-390) to +0.69 t.ha–1 (applied of DASA) according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilized control variant represented 7.23 t.ha–1. Nitrogen nutrition showed positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant with DASA and variant with DAM-390 + Dumag.

THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AVAILABILITY ON WINTER WHEAT YIELDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. JOHNSON ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Field experiments were conducted comparing yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil water conditions. Soil water was controlled by excluding precipitation from a 150-m2 plot area with an automatic rain shelter. Treatment regimes were described according to their relative preanthesis/postanthesis soil water content as high/high (H/H), high/low (H/L), and low/high (L/H) in 1978–1979; an additional treatment, low/low (L/L) was added in 1979–1980. A neutron probe was used to periodically monitor soil water to the 150-cm depth in each regime. Plot yields ranged from 559 g/m2 in regime H/H (1978–1979) to 267 g/m2 in L/L (1979–1980) and were positively correlated with head number per square metre (r = 0.70) and kernel number per head (r = 0.79). Low preanthesis soil water reduced head number per square metre in both years. Regimes L/H and L/L in 1979–1980, which averaged the lowest preanthesis soil water of all regimes both years, had reduced kernels per spikelet compared to regimes with high preanthesis soil water. Increased kernel weight. associated with postanthesis irrigations, generally was not enough to compensate fully for fewer kernels per square metre associated with low preanthesis soil water. The results indicate that, if drought develops before grain filling in the spring, improved tiller survival and/or floret fertility could increase yields, even if some stress continued through grain filling. Under nonstress conditions, yield appears limited most by the amount of assimilate required to fill a high number of kernels per square metre.

EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES ON YIELD OF THREE WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Determine Effect

In field experiments at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, herbicides were applied in the fall or spring on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to determine effect on yield. Application of 2,4-D or the mixture 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba in the fall gave significantly lower yields than when spring-applied on the cultivar Lennox. The herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, dicamba, mecoprop, chlorsulfuron, MCPA/dicamba, and MCPA/bromoxynil had no adverse effect on yield of Lennox at either time of application. A further study on the cultivars Lennox, F29-76, and Borden using the herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA/dicamba, chlorsulfuron, and dicamba showed no detrimental effects on 1000 kernel weight, or percent winter survival from fall or spring application. Yield losses were noted for spring application of dicamba but not for MCPA/dicamba and all cultivars responded similarly to all herbicide treatments.Key words: Wheat (winter) cultivars, fall versus spring application, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron

scholarly journals The contribution of yield components in determining the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski ◽  
Paweł Harasim ◽  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
The University ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different growth regulator rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield components and to evaluate their influence on winter wheat productivity. A field experiment with winter wheat ‘Muza’ was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland over the period 2004–2007. In this experiment, the effect of the studied factors on yield and its components was primarily dependent on weather conditions during the study period.</p><p>An increase in nitrogen rate from 100 to 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2005 and 2007 had a significant effect on the increase in grain yield per unit area. In 2005, the grain yield rose through increased spike density (by 6.3%) and a higher number of grains per spike (by 1.6%). The 1000-grain weight decreased the grain yield per unit area (by 0.04 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). In 2007, the higher yield of wheat fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> was positively affected by all the three yield components. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the winter wheat grain yields were also significantly affected by the retardant rates applied depending on the year.</p>

scholarly journals Correlations between grain yield and related traits in winter wheat under multi-environmental traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
N. Tsenov ◽  
T. Gubatov ◽  
I. Yanchev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract. In a series of field trials, a database of quantitative traits associated with winter wheat grain yield has been collected. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationships between the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) traits of productivity in environments causing the maximum possible variation of each of the traits. In order to determine the correlations between the quantitative characters studied, all possible statistical methods have been applied (regression analysis, PCA, Multiple Correspondence analysis), which complement each other. It was found that the nature of the correlations between traits depends to a large extent on the methods for their evaluation. There are high and significant correlations between grain yields and the grain number per spike (weight of grain per spike and number of grains per m2) even under strong genotype by environment interaction of all the traits in trails. The established results are related to possible options for increasing winter wheat grain yield by breeding.

scholarly journals Analysis of Yield and Yield Related Traits Variability of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cv. Izolda and Double Haploid Lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Janusz Kozdój ◽  
Dariusz R. Mańkowski ◽  
Monika Godzina-Sawczuk ◽  
Andrzej Czaplicki
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Yield Factor

AbstractThe yield-forming potential of winter wheat is determined by several factors, namely total number of shoots per plant and total number of spikelets per spike. The field experiments were conducted during three vegetation seasons at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute (PBAI–NRI), located in Radzików, Poland. The objective of this study was a comparative analysis of the structural yield-forming factor levels, which determine grain yield per spike and per plant of the DH lines and standard Izolda cultivar. Results indicate that several DH lines showed some differences in tested morphological structures of plant, yield factor levels and in grain yield per spike and per plant in comparison to standard Izolda, regardless of the year. Mean grain yield per plant of DH lines was 26.5% lower in comparison to standard Izolda only in the second year of study. It was caused by a reduction of productive tillers number. Structural yield-forming potential of DH lines was used in 38% and 59% and in case of Izolda in 47% and 61% (the second and the third year of experiment, respectively). The mean grain yield per spike of DH lines was 14.8% lower than Izolda cultivar only in third year of experiment and it was caused by about 12% lower number of grains per spike. Structural yield-forming potential of DH spikes was used in 82.4%, 85.4% and 84.9% and in case of Izolda in 83.8%, 87% and 89.5% (the first, the second and the third year of experiment, respectively). The grain yield per winter wheat plant (both DH lines and standard Izolda) was significantly correlated with the number of productive tillers per plant (r = 0.80). The grain yield per winter wheat spike (both DH lines and Izolda cultivar) was significantly and highly correlated with the number of grains per spike (r = 0.96), number of fertile spikelets per spike (r = 0.87) and the spike length (r = 0.80). Variation of spike and plant structural yield-forming factors determining grain yield levels were also analyzed. Calculated total variation coefficients values of each analyzed trait during three-year long studies were different depending on plant material – DH lines or standard Izolda. Low variation coefficients values characterized following traits (traits ranked by increasing values for DH lines and standard Izolda, respectively): total spikelets number per spike (6.6 and 6.3%), spike length (11.1 and 12.6%), fertile spikelets number per spike (13.7 and 11.7%), single grain weight (15.0 and 12.2%), shoot length (16.2 and 13.3%), grains number per spikelet (26.4 and 23.3%), total shoots number per plant (23.4 and 29.6%), grains number per spike (30.1 and 28.2%). Higher variation coefficients values were obtained for the following traits: grain yield per spike (40.0 and 35.7%), plant immature tillers number (35.8 and 42.6%), plant productive tillers number (42.2 and 43.2%), spike sterile spikelets number (46.6 and 44.7%) and number of grains per plant (58.3 and 60.5%). The highest values characterized grain yield per plant (66.9 and 60.8%).

scholarly journals Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Tolerance to Mulch

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Sandra Wayman ◽  
Christopher J. Pelzer ◽  
Caitlin A. Peterson ◽  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
No Till

Mulch from cover crops can effectively suppress weeds in organic corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as part of cover crop-based rotational no-till systems, but little is known about the feasibility of using mulch to suppress weeds in organic winter small grain crops. A field experiment was conducted in central NY, USA, to quantify winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence, weed and crop biomass production, and wheat grain yield across a gradient of mulch biomass. Winter wheat seedling density showed an asymptotic relationship with mulch biomass, with no effect at low rates and a gradual decrease from moderate to high rates of mulch. Selective suppression of weed biomass but not wheat biomass was observed, and wheat grain yield was not reduced at the highest level of mulch (9000 kg ha−1). Results indicate that organic winter wheat can be no-till planted in systems that use mulch for weed suppression. Future research should explore wheat tolerance to mulch under different conditions, and the potential of no-till planting wheat directly into rolled-crimped cover crops.

EFFECT OF FORAGE HARVEST ON GRAIN YIELD AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WINTER TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. POYSA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Winter Triticale

In field experiments at Guelph, Ontario four winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes, one winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), and one winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were evaluated during three seasons for grain yield, forage yield, and agronomic performance following forage harvests at two stages of plant development in the spring. When the results were averaged across all the winter cereals, spring cuttings decreased final plant height and incidence of lodging and delayed the heading date by up to 2 wk, but did not consistently affect test weight. The early joint forage harvest reduced average grain yields by 6% while the mid-joint harvest, about 1 wk later, reduced yields by 28%. The early joint harvest yielded, on average, 1.5 tonnes/ha of forage while the mid-joint harvest yielded 2.2 tonnes/ha. OAC Wintri triticale, however, yielded, on average, 0.5 tonnes/ha more grain following the early joint harvest than the uncut control. Forage cutting of OAC Wintri might be an effective method for obtaining additional forage production, reducing lodging, and increasing grain yield in years when spring vegetative growth is luxuriant.Key words: Forage harvest, spring cutting, triticale (winter), wheat (winter), rye (winter), lodging, grain yield

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLERING, SPIKE NUMBER AND GRAIN YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ONTARIO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BULMAN ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Number

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the relationships between tillering, spike number and grain yield in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Treatments were designed to manipulate both the production and survival of tillers, and to provide a high number of spikes per unit area. One experiment involved growth regulator treatments with cycocel and gibberellic acid while the second involved various rates of nitrogen. Grain yield was linearly related to total spike number over a range of 400–1200 spikes m−2 in a combined analysis over locations and years. When only spikes with at least nine fertile spikelets were included, a greater amount of the variability in yield could be explained, and differences among cultivars were related to the number of small, unproductive spikes. When locations and years were analyzed separately, little evidence was found for a diminishing response between grain yield and total spike number. Spike number was related to maximum tiller number in 1982, when winterkill and early spring conditions were unfavorable. Thus, although good fall tillering and winter survival contribute most to producing high spike numbers and grain yield, cultivars must also have the ability both to tiller rapidly in the spring and to sustain high-yielding tillers to provide sufficient compensation following winterkill.Key words: tillering, spikes, yield, wheat, nitrogen, regulators

Herbicide-Grazing Interactions in Cheat (Bromus secalinus)–Infested Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field experiments were conducted to determine the interaction of grazing and herbicide treatments on cheat control and biomass, wheat biomass, wheat grain yield, and wheat yield components. Ethyl-metribuzin at 1120 g ai ha−1and metribuzin at 420 g ai ha−1reduced cheat biomass 91 to 99 and 97 to 98%, respectively. Grazing had no effect on herbicide efficacy. Grazing increased cheat biomass in the check by 24% at only one location but did not affect total wheat plus cheat biomass. With one exception, controlled cheat was replaced by wheat on a 1:1 biomass basis when herbicides caused no crop injury. All herbicide treatments increased grain yield, but grazing did not alter yield. At two locations, increased heads m−2and spikelets/head accounted for most of the grain yield increases, but at one location seeds/spikelet and weight/seed were also increased. Harvest index was unaffected.

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