Variability in metribuzin tolerance among ruderal and agrestal populations of Solanum ptycanthum Dun.

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hermanutz ◽  
S. E. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Production Areas

Solanum ptycanthum Dun. is an annual weed of both agrestal and ruderal habitats in southern Ontario, which is the northern limit of its distribution. Plants of S. ptycanthum are introduced annually to the tomato-production areas of Ontario via the importation of tomato transplants from Georgia and North Carolina. The objective of this study was to test for genetic differences in tolerance to the herbicide metribuzin among agrestal and ruderal populations from southwestern Ontario and agrestal populations from Georgia and North Carolina. We compared growth responses among and within populations to low (0.4 kg a.i. ha−1) and high (0.9 kg a.i. ha−1) doses of metribuzin applied postemergence in greenhouse trials. Only the Ontario agrestal populations had been previously exposed to metribuzin. Ontario populations, regardless of habitat of origin, were significantly more tolerant of low and high doses of metribuzin than Georgia populations. Ruderal populations were more susceptible than Ontario agrestal populations to the higher dose of metribuzin. North Carolina seedlings were as tolerant as Ontario agrestal populations. These results suggest a genetic basis for tolerance differences unrelated to previous exposure. Overall intra-population variability in response to metribuzin was low, although the Ontario agrestal populations showed significant within-population variability in height and leaf growth in response to low and high doses of metribuzin. This suggests that the ability to respond to selection may differ among populations. Lack of significant levels of genetically based plasticity also suggests that herbicide-dependent selection within populations would be minimal. Key words: Eastern black nightshade, metribuzin, genetic variability, Solanum ptycanthum

scholarly journals Control of Tutaabsoluta using pheromone traps on tomato crops under greenhouse in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bellatreche ◽  
◽  
Saida Messgo-Moumene ◽  
Atika Guendouz-Ben Rima ◽  
Ikbal Chaieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
The West ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
Integrated Control System

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pheromone traps of adults of Tuta absoluta in 4 potential tomato production areas in Algeria: Tipaza (Center), Mostaganem (West), Jijel (East) and Biskra (South), during the 2012-2014 campaigns. Two tomato greenhouses were considered for each zone in which, one was protected by the setup of pheromone traps and the other as an insecticide sprayed control. Tomato leaf samples were taken from each greenhouse, each month of each year according to the areas of studies to calculate the rates of infestation. Higher infestation rates were recorded in the greenhouses with local agricultural practices (control) compared with those protected by pheromone traps. With the use of the pheromone traps, a remarkable reduction affected the infestation of the greenhouses in the 4 studied areas during the years 2012 to 2014. The southern area seemed to be the most infested and at a least degree the areas of the West, the Center and the East, respectively. The temporal evolution of infestation rates showed an increase since January until July with June and July showing the higher infestation rates. These results showed the efficacy of trapping of T. absoluta males and the importance of their sustainable use in the integrated control system against this devastating insect in Algeria.

Row Spacing and Seeding Rate Effects on Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum Ptycanthum) and Soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Rich ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Rate Effects

Reducing seeding rates in 19- or 76-cm row soybean below the optimum rate may reduce soybean competitiveness with weeds, and indirectly increase production costs to the grower. Field studies in 2001 and 2002 evaluated the effect of soybean seeding rate and row spacing on the emergence, growth, and competitiveness of eastern black nightshade (EBN) in soybean. EBN emergence ceased within 45 d after planting (DAP), and was similar across soybean seeding rates and row spacing. EBN control by glyphosate was not affected by soybean population or row spacing. Soybean planted in 19-cm rows was more competitive with EBN, regardless of seeding rate. Increasing the soybean seeding rate in 76-cm rows from 185,000 seeds/ha to 432,000 seeds/ha reduced EBN dry weight threefold at East Lansing and nearly twofold at Clarksville in 2002. There was no increase in EBN density or dry weight in 19-cm row soybean planted at 308,000 seeds/ha compared with 556,000 seeds/ha, whereas a seeding rate of 432,000 seeds/ha in 76-cm row soybean did not suppress EBN dry weight or increase soybean yield in the presence of EBN compared with a seeding rate of 308,000 seeds/ha.

Characterization of Acifluorfen Tolerance in Selected Somaclones of Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yeon Yu ◽  
John B. Masiunas
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
Black Nightshade

Acifluorfen tolerance in eastern black nightshade somaclones was characterized in two experiments. One experiment determined the involvement of absorption, translocation, and metabolism in acifluorfen tolerance. Less than 6% of the applied14C-acifluorfen was absorbed. There were no differences in acifluorfen absorption between susceptible and tolerant somaclones. More14C-acifluorfen was translocated in the susceptible than the tolerant somaclones. The susceptible somaclone did not metabolize acifluorfen while some somaclones (i.e., EBN-3A) metabolized14C-acifluorfen. A second experiment determined the tolerance of the somaclones to oxyfluorfen, diquat, and paraquat Most acifluorfen-tolerant somaclones were tolerant to oxyfluorfen but were susceptible to diquat and paraquat One somaclone, EBN-3A, was extremely tolerant to acifluorfen, paraquat, and diquat.

Effects of nitrogen supply on xylem cytokinin delivery, transpiration and leaf expansion of pea genotypes differing in xylem-cytokinin concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
Chuong Ngo ◽  
Colin G. N. Turnbull ◽  
Christine A. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
N Treatment

The rms2 and rms4 pea (Pisum sativum L.) branching mutants have higher and lower xylem-cytokinin concentration, respectively, relative to wild type (WT) plants. These genotypes were grown at two levels of nitrogen (N) supply for 18–20 d to determine whether or not xylem-cytokinin concentration (X-CK) or delivery altered the transpiration and leaf growth responses to N deprivation. Xylem sap was collected by pressurising de-topped root systems. As sap-flow rate increased, X-CK declined in WT and rms2, but did not change in rms4. When grown at 5.0 mm N, X-CKs of rms2 and rms4 were 36% higher and 6-fold lower, respectively, than WT at sap-flow rates equivalent to whole-plant transpiration. Photoperiod cytokinin (CK) delivery rates (the product of transpiration and X-CK) decreased more than 6-fold in rms4. Growth of plants at 0.5 mm N had negligible (< 10%) effects on transpiration rates expressed on a leaf area basis in WT and rms4, but decreased transpiration rates of rms2. The low-N treatment decreased leaf expansion by 20–25% and expanding leaflet N concentration by 15%. These changes were similar in all genotypes. At sap-flow rates equivalent to whole-plant transpiration, the low N treatment decreased X-CK in rms2 but had no discernible effect in WT and rms4. Since the low N treatment decreased transpiration of all genotypes, photoperiod CK delivery rates also decreased in all genotypes. The similar leaf growth response of all genotypes to N deprivation despite differences in both absolute and relative X-CKs and deliveries suggests that shoot N status is more important in regulating leaf expansion than xylem-supplied cytokinins. The decreased X-CK and transpiration rate of rms2 following N deprivation suggests that changes in xylem-supplied CKs may modify water use.

THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PROCESSING TOMATO PRODUCTION AREAS IN MARMARA REGION

2003 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
T. Yoltas ◽  
M. Aydin ◽  
S. Seferoglu ◽  
G. Seker ◽  
N. Topcu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Production Areas

Characterization of two biotypes of imidazolinone-resistant eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum)

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie D. Milliman ◽  
Dean E. Riechers ◽  
Loyd M. Wax ◽  
F. William Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
Black Nightshade

Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) reproduction and interference in transplanted plasticulture tomato

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana K. Buckelew ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Greg D. Hoyt ◽  
Robert F. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
Black Nightshade

scholarly journals Molecular methods for detection of viral diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Tuan Nam Vu ◽  
◽  
Duc Ha Chu ◽  
Tien Dung Le ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Specific Symptoms

The viral disease is one of the biggest challenges in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. Although disease management is highlighted and seriously controlled in whole production areas, there are still many difficulties due to the lack of understanding of the symptoms, pathogens, and detection methods to control the viral disease at early stages. In this review, the authors summarised some major viral diseases in tomato plants with a brief of virus characteristics and their specific symptoms. Then the authors discussed the application of the molecular techniques, with a focus on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), for the detection of tomato viral diseases in the early stages of infection, thereby providing a solid foundation for further improvement of virus-free tomato production

scholarly journals Screening Lettuce Germplasm for New Sources of Resistance to Corky Root

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beiquan Mou ◽  
Carolee Bull
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Corky Root ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Areas

Corky root is a major disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) observed in many production areas of the world. The pathogen Sphingomonas suberifaciens (van Bruggen et al.) Yabuuchi et al. varies with regard to virulence, and several strains have been isolated that can cause disease symptoms even on cultivars that have the only known resistance gene, cor. It is desirable to find new sources of resistance to diversify the genetic basis of the resistance and to confer resistance against isolates that are not adequately controlled by cor. More than 1000 plant introduction lines and cultivars were screened in assays conducted in the greenhouse, growth chamber, and field. Three L. serriola L. lines (PI 491239, PI 491096, and PI 491110) and a L. virosa L. line (PI 273597c) were highly resistant to corky root in all tests. Disease severity ratings in the field were correlated with the ratings in the greenhouse (r = 0.722) and in the growth chamber (r = 0.650). Significant genotype × environment interactions were observed for corky root severity. None of the four resistant lines had the two molecular markers closely linked to the cor allele. The information on disease resistance for these genotypes will be useful in future breeding work.

scholarly journals Soil Moisture and Cultivar Influence Cracking, Blossom-end Rot, Zippers, and Yield of Staked Fresh-market Tomatoes

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade J. Sperry ◽  
Jeanine M. Davis ◽  
Douglas C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Two crack-resistant and two crack-susceptible fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were evaluated at varied soil moisture levels for physiological fruit defects and yield. Cultural practices recommended for staked-tomato production in North Carolina with raised beds, black polyethylene mulch, and drip irrigation were used. Soil moisture levels of less than −15.0, −30 to −40, and greater than −70 kPa were maintained and monitored using daily tensiometer readings. Soil moisture level had no effect on fruit cracking, blossom-end rot, zippers, or yield. However, there-were large differences among cultivars for fruit defects and total and marketable yields.

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