Molecular methods for detection of viral diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

The viral disease is one of the biggest challenges in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. Although disease management is highlighted and seriously controlled in whole production areas, there are still many difficulties due to the lack of understanding of the symptoms, pathogens, and detection methods to control the viral disease at early stages. In this review, the authors summarised some major viral diseases in tomato plants with a brief of virus characteristics and their specific symptoms. Then the authors discussed the application of the molecular techniques, with a focus on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), for the detection of tomato viral diseases in the early stages of infection, thereby providing a solid foundation for further improvement of virus-free tomato production

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MOLECULAR CHARACETIZATION OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS AND FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES AND RACES OF TOMATO AREAS IN NORTHERN CYPRUS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2020.3.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 25-35

Author(s):

Ayşegül ÇOLAK ATEŞ ◽

Hakan Fidan ◽

Bahar Gökhan

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Formae Speciales ◽

Northern Cyprus ◽

Production Areas ◽

Leaf Curl Virus

Fusarium oxysporum (FO) and viruses have caused wilt, root, crown rots, mosaic, yellowing and curling on tomato plants and have resulted economic yield losses on tomato production areas at Northern Cyprus (NC) in 2011–2015 years. Typical FO symptoms showing greenhouse and open field areas used for collecting 62 plants and suspected Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) of 76 tomato plants have been studied respectively. In the researches, four different primers (uni, sp 13, sp 23, sprl) were used to determine the formae speciales and races of 62 isolates of FO isolates from different locations. PCR analyse studies have revealed that 81% of collected samples were Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) and 19% of them were Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). Additionally, further PCR analyses have identified that 37% of FOL samples were race 1, 15% were race 2 and 29% were race 3 identified respectively. The different samples of 76 tomato plants were tested with specific primers in PCR amplifications. Their results determined that the strains TYLCV-Israel, TYLCV-Sicilia, TYLCV-Mild of TYLCV found. The molecular techniques have suggested that Israel, Sicilia and Mild strain of TYLCV were present in the tomato production areas at NC. The TYLCV races with single or mixed infections and Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales and races are able to identify in molecular techniques in not only accurately but also reliably.

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Current status of viral diseases affecting black pepper and cardamom

Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops ◽

10.25081/josac.2018.v27.i1.1009 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 01

Author(s):

A I Bhat, C N Biju ◽

V Srinivasan, S J Ankegowda K S Krishnamurthy

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Current Status ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Cultural Methods ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Planting Materials

Black pepper and cardamom are the important spice crops grown in India and other countries. Viruses are one of the major yield limiting factors in both these spice crops. Viral diseases spread at a faster rate in these spices, as they are vegetatively propagated. Lack of sensitive detection methods has led to the widespread distribution of viral diseases in all black pepper and cardamom growing regions. The viruses infecting these two spice crops have now been identified; characterized and sensitive diagnostics have been developed. Integration of various approaches like use of resistant varieties, virus-free planting materials, vector control and cultural methods are required for the management of viral diseases. Rejuvenation of viral disease affected black pepper plantations through proper soil and plant health management were proved to be successful. The present review deals with characterization, diagnosis and management of viral diseases affecting black pepper and cardamom.

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Emerging Viral Diseases of Tomato Crops

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-23-5-0539 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 539-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Inge M. Hanssen ◽

Moshe Lapidot ◽

Bart P. H. J. Thomma

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

International Travel ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Emerging Viruses ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Climate Conditions

Viral diseases are an important limiting factor in many crop production systems. Because antiviral products are not available, control strategies rely on genetic resistance or hygienic measures to prevent viral diseases, or on eradication of diseased crops to control such diseases. Increasing international travel and trade of plant materials enhances the risk of introducing new viruses and their vectors into production systems. In addition, changing climate conditions can contribute to a successful spread of newly introduced viruses or their vectors and establishment of these organisms in areas that were previously unfavorable. Tomato is economically the most important vegetable crop worldwide and many viruses infecting tomato have been described, while new viral diseases keep emerging. Pepino mosaic virus is a rapidly emerging virus which has established itself as one of the most important viral diseases in tomato production worldwide over recent years. Begomovirus species and other whitefly-transmitted viruses are invading into new areas, and several recently described new viruses such as Tomato torrado virus and new Tospovirus species are rapidly spreading over large geographic areas. In this article, emerging viruses of tomato crops are discussed.

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Control of Tutaabsoluta using pheromone traps on tomato crops under greenhouse in Algeria

Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection ◽

10.52543/tjpp.16.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mohamed Bellatreche ◽

◽

Saida Messgo-Moumene ◽

Atika Guendouz-Ben Rima ◽

Ikbal Chaieb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Evolution ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Pheromone Traps ◽

The West ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Production Areas ◽

Remarkable Reduction ◽

Integrated Control System

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pheromone traps of adults of Tuta absoluta in 4 potential tomato production areas in Algeria: Tipaza (Center), Mostaganem (West), Jijel (East) and Biskra (South), during the 2012-2014 campaigns. Two tomato greenhouses were considered for each zone in which, one was protected by the setup of pheromone traps and the other as an insecticide sprayed control. Tomato leaf samples were taken from each greenhouse, each month of each year according to the areas of studies to calculate the rates of infestation. Higher infestation rates were recorded in the greenhouses with local agricultural practices (control) compared with those protected by pheromone traps. With the use of the pheromone traps, a remarkable reduction affected the infestation of the greenhouses in the 4 studied areas during the years 2012 to 2014. The southern area seemed to be the most infested and at a least degree the areas of the West, the Center and the East, respectively. The temporal evolution of infestation rates showed an increase since January until July with June and July showing the higher infestation rates. These results showed the efficacy of trapping of T. absoluta males and the importance of their sustainable use in the integrated control system against this devastating insect in Algeria.

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Responses of Tomatoes Grafting Using Variation of Rootstock against Virus Infection and Tomato Yields

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.31056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Tri Retno Widyastuti ◽

Sri Sulandari ◽

Sedyo Hartono ◽

Triwidodo Arwiyanto

Keyword(s):

Viral Infection ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Field Research ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Specific Primer ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Tomato Chlorosis Virus

Grafting methods on tomato have been done to reduce the infection rate of various pathogens. Begomovirus and Crinivirus are important viruses in tomato plants. The research aimed to determine the resistance response of tomato plants to viral infection, and tomato production. Field research was conducted in Harjobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta in the endemic area of the viral diseases transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design non-factorial with “Servo” as scion and “Amelia”, “H-7996”, “Mawar” as rootstock. The disease development, presence of viral diseases, and tomato yields were observed. PCR detection using Krusty & Hommr primer successfully amplified Begomovirus DNA bands with an approximate size of 580 bp in tomato plant with interveinal chlorosis, curling, thick, rigid, and stunt symptoms. Chlorotic spots and yellowing symptoms successfully amplified using ToCV-CF/ToCV-CR specific primer for the amplification of Tomato chlorosis virus with DNA band approximately size of 360 bp, whereas using TICV-CF/TICV-CR specific primer could not amplify the virus cDNA. The leaves roll upward with purple interveinal symptoms that were not infected by both viruses. Both viral infections affected the quality of the fruit which indicated by a higher number of abnormal fruits. “Servo” grafted onto “Amelia” and non-grafted Servo were tolerant to viral infection, “Servo” grafted onto “H-7996” or to “Mawar variety were susceptible to viral infection, self-grafted Servo were very susceptible to viral infection.

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Distribution and incidence of tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in the central region of Togo

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-09-21-0117-s ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bitang Bamazi ◽

Agnassim Banito ◽

K. D. Ayisah ◽

Rachidatou Sikirou ◽

Mathews Paret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Laboratory Investigation ◽

Central Region ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Survey Results ◽

Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in Togo. Unfortunately, tomatoes are susceptible to many diseases, among which bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes major yield losses. In this study, incidence of bacterial wilt and its distribution was evaluated in the central region of Togo, the major tomato producing area in the country. Overall, 16 localities were surveyed in four prefectures. In each locality, three fields were visited, and the incidence of the disease was recorded, and diseased samples were collected for laboratory investigation. The results showed that bacterial wilt occurred in all the fields visited, indicating a field incidence of 100%, whereas the plant incidence ranged from 10.00±00% to 43.33±3.33%, with an average of 20.94±1.77%. The antibody based Immunostrip test was positive for R. solanacearum in 100% of the visited fields. From 144 samples collected from fields, 45 R. solanacearum isolates were isolated on Modified SMSA media. This survey results show that tomato bacterial wilt is a real threat to tomato production in the central region of Togo.

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UPLC-MS/MS Identification and Quantification of Withanolides from Six Parts of the Medicinal Plant Datura Metel L.

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1260

Author(s):

Shi Hui Yang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Yan Ping Sun ◽

Wei Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Content ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Datura Metel ◽

Value Range ◽

Solid Foundation ◽

G Value ◽

Production Areas ◽

First Time

Withanolides from six parts (flower, leaf, stem, root, seed, and peel) of Datura metel L. (D metel L.) obtained from ten production areas in China were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 85 withanolides were characterized for the first time using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS system. Additionally, a simultaneous, rapid and accurate measurement method was developed for the determination of 22 bioactive withanolides from ten production areas with the UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS system. The results show the total withanolide content is highest in the leaves (155640.0 ng/g) and lowest in the roots (14839.8 ng/g). Compared with other production areas, the total content of plants from Dujiangyan was the highest at 82013.9 ng/g (value range of ten areas: 82013.9–42278.5 ng/g). The results also show significant differences in the distribution of withanolides in the different plant parts, as well as across different production areas. This is a breakthrough report providing a simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 22 withanolides in D. metel L. It could be the basis for the more rational use of various parts of D. metel L., and the expansion of medicinal resources. This work also lays a solid foundation for research on the quality control of D. metel L.

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Feline leukaemia virus infection: A practical approach to diagnosis

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x20941785 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 831-846

Author(s):

Regina Hofmann-Lehmann ◽

Katrin Hartmann

Keyword(s):

Accurate Determination ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Leukaemia Virus ◽

Diagnostic Assays ◽

Feline Leukaemia Virus ◽

Cat Diseases

Practical relevance: Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus of domestic cats worldwide. Cats lacking strong FeLV-specific immunity and undergoing progressive infection commonly develop fatal FeLV-associated disease. Many aspects of FeLV infection pathogenesis have been elucidated, some during more recent years using molecular techniques. It is recommended that the FeLV status of every cat is known, since FeLV infection can influence the prognosis and clinical management of every sick cat. Moreover, knowledge of a cat’s FeLV status is of epidemiological importance to prevent further spread of the infection. Clinical challenges: Diagnosing FeLV infection remains challenging due to different outcomes of infection, which can vary over time depending on the balance between the virus and the host’s immune system. Furthermore, testing for FeLV infection has become more refined over the years and now includes diagnostic assays for different viral and immunological parameters. Knowledge of FeLV infection pathogenesis, as well as the particulars of FeLV detection methods, is an important prerequisite for correct interpretation of any test results and accurate determination of a cat’s FeLV status. Aims: The current review presents recent knowledge on FeLV pathogenesis, key features to be determined in FeLV infection, and frequently used FeLV detection methods, and their characteristics and interpretation. An algorithm for the diagnosis of FeLV infection in a single cat, developed by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases, is included, and FeLV testing in specific situations is addressed. As well as increasing awareness of this deadly infection in domestic cats, the aim is to contribute diagnostic expertise to allow veterinarians in practice to improve their recognition, and further reduce the prevalence, of FeLV infection.

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