Rhizome growth of Calamagrostis canadensis in response to soil nutrients and bulk density

In a series of experiments, we investigated rhizome spread and the growth of C. canadensis, as governed by changes in soil bulk density and nutrient availability. The ability of rhizomes originating from vigorous Calamagrostis canadensis plants to penetrate mineral soil with different bulk densities and their response to various nutrient conditions were assessed in a split container experiment. Decreasing biomass and length of rhizomes with increasing soil bulk density showed that clonal expansion of C. canadensis onto areas of exposed mineral soil from adjacent swards was limited mainly by soil bulk density. No nutrient effect on rhizome growth was detectable; the rhizomes were probably well supplied with nutrients by translocation from the mother plant. Results of a second split container experiment indicated that rhizome growth was better in organic than in mineral soils. In a third experiment, entire C. canadensis plants were grown in mineral soil at different levels of soil bulk density and nutrient condition. Here, rhizome biomass and expansion were limited mainly by nutrient availability; however, once the nutritional needs of the plants were met, increasing bulk density reduced the amount of rhizome spread. These results could be useful in reforestation, e.g. selecting those methods of site preparation which reduce the growth and competitive ability of C. canadensis relative to tree seedlings. Key words: Compaction, rhizome, litter, mineral soil, yield, Calamagrostis canadensis

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Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. II. Available inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcumgeophilum

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x83-002 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Charles G. Shaw III ◽

Roy C. Sidle

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Southeast Alaska ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Rotten Wood ◽

Mycorrhizal Propagules ◽

Soil Volume ◽

High Lead

Three microsites common to clear-cuts logged by the high-lead method in southeast Alaska were sampled to quantify the occurrence and viability of sclerotia of Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. Undisturbed duff had significantly greater numbers of sclerotia per gram or per cubic centimetre of soil than either exposed mineral soil or rotten wood. There were significantly fewer viable sclerotia per cubic centimetre of rotten wood than in either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. Numbers of viable sclerotia that could contact the root plug of a containerized seedling when it was planted into rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, or undisturbed duff were calculated to be 0.7, 6.1, and 7.2, respectively. Expressing abundance of mycorrhizal propagules by soil volume, rather than weight, is more meaningful when microsites with large differences in soil bulk density are compared.

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Aspen and white spruce productivity is reduced by organic matter removal and soil compaction

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc2012-058 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 88 (03) ◽

pp. 306-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Richard Kabzems

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

White Spruce ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Organic Matter Removal

Declines in forest productivity have been linked to losses of organic matter and soil porosity. To assess how removal of organic matter and soil compaction affect short-term ecosystem dynamics, pre-treatment and year 1, 5 and 10 post-treatment soil properties and post-treatment plant community responses were examined in a boreal trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.)-dominated ecosystem in northeastern British Columbia. The experiment used a completely randomized design with three levels of organic matter removal (tree stems only; stems and slash; stems, slash and forest floor) and three levels of soil compaction (none, intermediate [2-cm impression], heavy [5-cm impression]). Removal of the forest floor initially stimulated aspen regeneration and significantly reduced height growth of aspen (198 cm compared to 472–480 cm) as well as white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) height (82 cm compared to 154–156 cm). The compaction treatments had no effect on aspen regeneration density. At Year 10, heights of both aspen and white spruce were negatively correlated with upper mineral soil bulk density and were lowest on forest floor + whole tree removal treatments. Recovery of soil properties was occurring in the 0 cm to 2 cm layer of mineral soil. Bulk density values for the 0 cm to 10 cm depth remained above 86% of the maximum bulk density for the site, a soil condition where reduced tree growth can be expected.

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Improving Soil Quality by Using Oil Palm Solid Waste Biochar

AGRITROPICA Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.31186/j.agritropica.4.1.20-29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

Darmawan Darmawan ◽

Sari Handani ◽

Ikhsanul Adli

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Pore Space ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Mineral Soils ◽

Water Holding

Solid waste and land degradation are two main problem faced by oil palm plantation in mineral soils. In order to get rid of these difficulties, a field experiment has conducted at re-planting stage of oil palm in PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung plantation. The objective of this study is to examine the potentiality of biochar made from empty bunch of oil palm on soil quality. Fifteen plots of 100 square meters were applied with the dose of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 Mg/ha biochar, respectively. The results show the treatment increase soil organic matter, total pore space, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. On the other hand, soil bulk density found decrease significantly along with the treatment. These results indicated that application of biochar might be a better choice for sustainable oil palm plantation in mineral soil.

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Site Preparation Effects on Soil Bulk Density and Pine Seedling Growth

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/5.4.176 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 176-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. J. Stransky

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Site Preparation ◽

Hardwood Forest ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Surface Moisture ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Density Probe

Abstract Soil bulk density was sampled the first and third growing seasons after site preparation and pine planting on three clearcut pine-hardwood forest sites in eastern Texas. Bulk density was measured 10 cm below the surface of mineral soil using a surface moisture-density probe. Plots that had been KG-bladed and chopped had significantly higher bulk density than those that were burned or left untreated. After 5 years the survival, height, and diameter growth of pines averaged highest on the mechanically treated plots, probably because competition from other woody stems was much less than in the untreated and burned plots.

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Aplikasi Limbah Padat Karet Remah Pada Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning Terhadap Ketersediaan Hara Makro Dan Perbaikan Sifat Fisika Tanah

EnviroScienteae ◽

10.20527/es.v16i2.9658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Muhammad Helmy Abdillah ◽

Muhammad Aldi

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Water Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Organic Material ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Mineral Soils

The chemical properties of Podsolic Red-Yellow soil have pH is very acidic to slightly acidic, low to moderate percentage of C-organic, low to moderate P, and low status of K, Ca, Mg, Na, and other saturation of bases. Also, the physical characteristics of the Red-Yellow Podsolic soil show a distinctive characteristic, as bulk density soil index of 1.30 - 1.50 g.cm-3, with low water absorption. The chemical and physical properties are bad enough to make Red-Yellow Podsolic soil have a low ability to provide macronutrients needed by plants. Organic matter is proven to be able to control nutrient availability in mineral soils. The potentials for organic material that has been completely decomposed is crumb rubber solid waste. The use of crumb rubber solid waste material as organic material is expected to be able to influence the availability of macronutrients and improve the physical characteristics of the Podsolic Red-Yellow soil. This study aims to find differences in the availability of NH4+ NO3-, H2PO4-, K-exchangeable, C-organic and to compare the treatments that produce the best index of soil bulk density, increase the percentage of water content, and determine the soil temperature of Red-Yellow Podsolic with the application of crumb rubber solid waste with difference level, statistical test with through the index of mean difference Tukey’s test on level α 5%. In this research it was concluded that the application of crumb rubber solid waste could increase soil pH, provide levels of NH4+, NO3-, H2PO4, K-exchangeable, C-organic and reduce soil bulk density index, increase water content and soil temperature compared to not using crumb rubber solid waste. PCr3 treatment showed the highest yield at pH, NH4+, H2PO4, C-organic and increased water content, but it was not significantly different than PCr2 treatment, whereas PCr2 was significantly different from PCr3 in providing NO3-, K-exchangeable.

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Soil compaction induced by careful logging in the claybelt region of northwestern Quebec (Canada)

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s97-032 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 197-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

S. Brais ◽

C. Camiré

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Soil Strength ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Site Productivity ◽

Wheel Track

Soil compaction induced by forest harvesting operations can reduce site productivity. Intensity, extent and persistence of soil compaction were assessed on fine- to medium- and coarse-textured soils. Severe compaction took place in the wheel track section of the skid trails. On fine- to medium-textured soils, half of the effects on the 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm mineral soil bulk densities (+11 and +8%) and half of the changes in the 10-cm depth soil strength (+69%) occurred in the course of the first two skidding cycles (cycle of half impact). On coarse soils, half of the effect on the 0- to 10-cm bulk density (+11%) occurred during the first three passes. Cycles of half impact for soil strength were 9, 14, 7 and 6 for the 2.5-, 5-, 10-, and 20-cm depths and corresponded to increases of 235, 402, 157 and 103% respectively. Compaction was more limited between track sections of trails. Six to twelve years following clearcutting on fine- to medium-textured soils, 0- to 10-cm soil bulk density was less in the skid trails than on the undisturbed sections of cutovers. Careful logging on moist, fine- to medium-textured soils is the safest way to limit the extent of soil compaction. On coarse-textured soils, spreading the traffic remains a valid option. Key words: Soil compaction, bulk density, soil strength, forest harvesting, careful logging

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Effect of soil bulk density on forest tree seedlings

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2015-0003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mariusz Kormanek ◽

Jacek Banach ◽

Paweł Sowa

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Root System ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

European Beech ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Forest Nursery ◽

Biometric Analysis

Abstract The paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of soil bulk density in a forest nursery plot on the growth and quality parameters of Scots pine and European beech seedlings. Particular density variants were obtained using a tractor device exerting controlled pressure on the soil, while field examinations were performed on an area of ‘Kłaj’ forest nursery in Niepołomice Forest District. Three series of plots were prepared for each species, applying a unit pressure of the values of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kPa, corresponding to the dry bulk density in the range of 1.03-1.19 g cm-3, and control plots without the pressure. Seeds of the examined species were sown on the prepared plots, and after 6 months of growth the seedlings were subjected to biometric analysis determining differentiation in root neck diameter, length of the above-ground part and root system, as well as dry mass of particular parts of the plant. The quality of the seedlings was also determined using the method of Schmidt-Vogt. The results obtained show that the change in dry bulk density soil significantly affected most of the growth parameters of the examined seedlings. Especially high negative correlations were obtained for the length and dry mass of the root system. A significant influence of dry bulk density variant on all growth parameters of Scots pine seedlings, and on some parameters of European beech was demonstrated. An increase in soil bulk density clearly caused also a deterioration of European beech seedlings quality

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Influence of Saturated Organic Matter on the Accuracy of In-Situ Measurements Recorded with a Nuclear Moisture and Density Gauge

Croatian journal of forest engineering ◽

10.5552/crojfe.2021.762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eric R. Labelle ◽

Dirk Jaeger

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Organic Layer ◽

Correction Factors ◽

Non Destructive

The impact of machines on forest soils is regularly assessed and quantified using absolute bulk density, which is most frequently obtained by soil cores. However, to allow for repeated measurements at the exact same locations, non-destructive devices are increasingly being used to determine soil bulk density and moisture content in field studies. An example of such a device is a nuclear moisture and density gauge (NMDG), originally designed as a control measurement for soil bulk density and moisture content in geotechnical applications. Unlike road construction or foundation projects that use mineral soil or gravel, forest soils have complex structures and the presence of organic matter, which can skew moisture and density readings from a NMDG. To gain further knowledge in this respect, we performed controlled tests in a sandbox to quantify the influence of varying amounts of saturated organic matter (3, 5, 10, and 15%) mixed with mineral soil in different layers (0–5, 0–10, 0–20 and 0–40 cm) on the accuracy of soil moisture content obtained by a NMDG and soil theta probe at varying depths. Main results illustrated that the presence of saturated organic matter per se was not problematic but moisture content overestimations and related underestimation of dry bulk density occurred when the tested measurement depth was below the created organic layer. Since forest soils often exhibit higher organic matter contents in the upper horizon, correction factors are suggested to minimize the moisture content variations between NMDG and reference method. With the use of correction factors, NMDG can present a non-destructive, fast, and accurate method of measuring soil moisture and bulk density in forestry applications.

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