RESPONSE OF A HYBRID POPLAR CLONE TO SOIL ACIDIFICATION AND LIMING

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. TIMMER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poplar Cuttings

Unrooted hybrid poplar cuttings were grown in a greenhouse at varying soil pH. The soil was a loamy fine sand (pH 5.7) collected from an Ap horizon of a forest tree nursery. The pH was adjusted over a wide range by incorporating different rates of powdered lime or elemental sulfur. Lime additions failed to improve growth significantly over a 20-wk period, and excessive liming to pH 7.6 reduced shoot dry weight by 33%, probably because of decreased availability of micronutrients. Sulfur, acidifying the soil to pH 4.1, depressed growth as much as 76%. This growth inhibition was closely associated with increased Al in both foliage and soil as well as reduced foliar uptake of the other essential nutrients. Maximum height growth of clone DTAC-32 occurred between pH 6.0 and 7.0, which falls within the general guidelines for producing hardwood nursery stock. Key words: Populus, soil pH, aluminum toxicity, micronutrient deficiency

scholarly journals LIME AND GYPSUM APPLICATIONS ON SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND INITIAL GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Adaime Gabriel ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Marcia Aparecida Simonete ◽  
Letícia Moro ◽  
Priscylla Pfleger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Eucalyptus crops in Southern Brazil are generally conducted in acidic soils, thus their yield can be increased by lime and gypsum applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum applications on soil chemical attributes and initial growth of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii in a Humic Cambisol (Inceptisol). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with seedlings of both species of eucalyptus grown in soil treated with different rates of lime (0, 3, 6, and 12 Mg ha-1), and gypsum (0, 6, 3, 12.6, and 25.2 Mg ha-1). At 90 days after application of the treatments, the soil chemical attributes and growth components of eucalyptus seedlings. The lime increased the production shoot dry weight, however, the response to gypsum was negative. The lime increased the soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ca), base saturation (V %), and slightly the soil electrical conductivity, decreased the soil aluminium saturation (m %), and promoted little reduction in the exchangeable potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents. The gypsum didn't alter the soil pH, but decreased the m%, increased soil phosphorus (P) contents, and expressively increased the electrical conductivity, which may have had a negative effect on the eucalyptus growth. In conclusion, the addition of limestone decreases the soil acidity and benefits the growth of eucalyptus seedlings. However, the addition of gypsum has no expressive effects upon those variables, but it can decrease the growth of seedlings when the rates are excessive.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SEVERAL GROWING MEDIA FOR USE IN NITROGEN FIXATION RESEARCH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1166b-1166
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rademan ◽  
Dyremple Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of methodologies, ranging from Leonard jar to growth pouch have been used to investigate the nitrogen fixation process in leguminous crops. The effectiveness of most of these research methods have been questioned. Problems encountered vary from difficulty in root separation to water log conditions. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of different growing media on nodule development and harvestability. Black and Red seed coat kidney bean were surface sterilized and inoculated with the Rhizobium phaseoli strain UMR 1899. Seeds were planted in 8.5 cm diameter sterile clay pots containing the respective growing medium. These growing media were sand, Promix GM, Promix BX, and fritted clay. The black seed coat kidney bean had higher germination rate under all media for all dates recorded. Black kidney bean grown in sand and fritted clay had plant heights significantly greater than ones grown in the other media on the third harvest date. Nodule activities as measured by shoot dry weight and nodule number were significantly higher in both beans grown in fritted clay than in other media. Promix GM plants with dry weight of .45g for the black bean and .32g for the red beans were the lowest. Nodule separation from the growing media was easiest when plants were grown in sand, however, this was not significantly different from that of plants grown in fritted clay.

scholarly journals Improvement of Selected Soil Chemical Properties and Potassium Uptake by Mung Beans After Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Ultisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tristantia Anggita ◽  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Animal Wastes

Recently, application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) in organic farming practices is of importance to prevent further soil degradation due to prolong and massive use of synthetic fertilizer. LOF provides faster plant nutrients than soil organic fertilizer. However, quality of LOF is substantially dependent on its sources. Animal wastes from rabbit, goat, and cattle are scarcely used as sources of LOF production. The study aimed to determine soil chemical improvement and potassium uptake by mung bean  as affected by LOF in Ultisol. The experiment was conducted at the Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, employing Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was animal wastes, consisting of goat, rabbit, and cattle wastes. The second factor was LOF concentration, consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% LOF. LOF was prepared by mixing altogether animal feces, urine, soil, green biomass, EM-4 and fresh water to total volume of 10 l in a plastic container. LOF was decanted to the polybag every week starting at one week after planting for four weeks to a total volume of 750 ml per polybag. Variables observed included soil pH, total organic-C, exchangeable K, soil nitrate-N, K concentration in plant tissue, K-uptake, and shoot dry weight of sweet corn The result showed that application of LOF from rabbit waste had the highest increment of soil pH as compared to the other treatment. However, exchangeable K was observed highest at the treatment of LOF from goat waste. Sources of LOF from animal wastes did not have an effect on K-uptake by mung bean. In addition, application of LOF up to 100% was able to improve soil chemical properties as indicated by the increase in soil pH and exchangeable K. So did the concentration and uptake of K, as well as shoot dry weight. Fertilization with LOF has benefit to the improvement of soil chemical properties leading to better K uptake.

scholarly journals Effects of Day Length and Light Intensity on Growth of Barley IV. Genetically Controlled Variation in Response to Photoperiod

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wide Range

Apical growth, floral development, stem elongation, tillering, and dry weight at ear emergence were compared for 10 varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing in a range of photoperiods. All the varieties could be described as quanti. tative long. day plants but there was a wide range of response to the photoperiod. In all the varieties and over all photoperiods, apical primordium production was linked with floral organogenesis, suggesting a common mechanism of photoperiodic influence on the two proce~es. The control of internode elongation, however, varied between different varieties, commencing at a much earlier stage of floral organogenesis in some varieties than in others. Tillering appeared to be controlled more by the amount of energy available for photosynthesis than by any photoperiodic process, and this was also an important factor in shoot dry weight at ear emergence.

scholarly journals Growth, Quality, and Economic Value Responses of Bedding Plants to Reduced Water Usage

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Terri Starman ◽  
Charles Hall
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
French Quarter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Down

This study analyzed the effects of two ranges of drying down of substrate moisture content (SMC) before re-watering on plant growth and development, postproduction quality, and economic value of bedding plants grown in 1.67-L containers during greenhouse production. The two SMC treatments were wide-range (WR) SMC (WR-SMC) for dry-down from container capacity (CC) of 54% SMC dried down to 20% SMC or narrow-range (NR) SMC (NR-SMC) for dry-down from CC of 54% SMC dried down to 40% SMC. Six bedding plant cultivars were used [Solenostemon scutellarioides ‘French Quarter’ (coleus); Petunia ×hybrida ‘Colorworks Pink Radiance’ (petunia); Lantana camara ‘Lucky Flame’ (lantana); Impatiens ×hybrida ‘Sunpatiens Compact Hot Coral’ (SCC); ‘Sunpatiens Spreading Lavender’ (SSL) (impatiens); and Salvia splendens ‘Red Hot Sally II’ (salvia)]. Shoot dry weight was reduced with WR-SMC on petunia, lantana, impatiens SCC, and salvia at the end of production. With WR-SMC, the petunia and impatiens SCC root ball coverage percentages were greater on the bottom of the container, whereas those of impatiens SSL and salvia were reduced. The WR-SMC increased petunia postproduction quality by increasing the flower number. Lantana and impatiens SCC inflorescence/flower and/or bud number were reduced with WR-SMC. The impatiens SSL flower number was unaffected by SMC treatment. Salvia grown with WR-SMC had increased postproduction quality. WR-SMC reduced postproduction water potential in petunia, lantana, and coleus, suggesting that plants with WR-SMC during production were acclimated to reduced irrigation administered during postproduction. WR-SMC saved labor due to less frequent watering and overhead-associated costs due to reduced bench space, with the exception of coleus and impatiens SSL, which used the same bench space as NR-SMC. Considering production and/or postproduction quality, using WR-SMC during greenhouse production is beneficial as an irrigation method for coleus, petunia, impatiens SSL, and salvia, but not for impatiens SCC or lantana grown in 1.67-L containers.

Gibberellins and heterosis in poplar

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Bate ◽  
Stewart B. Rood ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

To investigate the possible involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in heterosis of hybrid poplar, six poplar clones were studied, including two Populus deltoides clones and two interspecific hybrid clones (P. ×euramericana = P. deltoides × P. nigra) originating from crosses with each of the P. deltoides clones. In field conditions in Ontario, Canada, the interspecific hybrids were consistently taller and had greater shoot dry weights than their parental P. deltoides clones. Shoot dry weights and heights were highly correlated across the six clones, as clonal rankings for these parameters were identical. Endogenous GA-like substances were extracted, purified, chromatographed on silica gel partition columns, and quantified by the cv. Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice bioassay. Bioactive peaks were further chromatographed on reversed-phase C18 HPLC and again bio-assayed. Statistically significant differences in concentrations of total GA-like substances were observed. With one exception, the rankings for the concentrations of GA-like substances and those of GA1-like plus GA19-like substances were similar to the rankings for height growth. Gibberellins A1 and A19 have been identified from the tissue of hybrid poplar by capillary gas chromatography – selected ion monitoring (GC–SIM), and GA1 was also identified by GC–SIM in this tissue. In three of four comparisons, interspecific hybrids contained significantly higher concentrations of GA-like activity than their corresponding parental clones. Thus, a correlation was observed between the concentration of endogenous GA-like activity and hybrid vigor for height growth and shoot dry weight in poplar.

scholarly journals Container Medium and Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Influence Growth and Quality of Salvia farinacea

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim C. Knowles ◽  
Billy W. Hipp ◽  
Mary Ann Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Greenhouse Culture ◽  
Shoot Quality

We examined responses of Salvia farinacea Benth. (mealy blue sage, a water- and nutrient-efficient native landscape plant for the southern United States) to slow-release (8- to 9-month), resin-coated urea (39N-0P4K) preplant-incorporated at 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 kg N/m3 in 2 perlite: 1 vermiculite (PV) or 2 pine bark: 1 fine sand (BS) (both by volume). This slow-release fertilization was compared to weekly fertigation at 100 mg N/liter from ammonium nitrate (34N-0P4K). After 21 weeks of greenhouse culture in 3.8-liter containers, shoot dry weight was higher in BS than PV when these media received fertigation or contained slow-release fertilizer at 21 kg N/m3. Shoot dry weight and shoot quality were not increased by exceeding 1 kg N/m3 in PV or 2 kg N/m3 in BS. Fertigation resulted in shoot dry weight and shoot quality equal to the highest values achieved with slow-release fertilizer. Cate-Nelson analysis showed that shoot N concentration should be ≥ 4.0% for this element not to limit plant growth.

Effect of waterlogging and soil pH on the micro-distribution of naturalised annual legumes

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Gibberd ◽  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Waterlogging Treatment

Variation in the size and composition of the soil seed bank of 3 naturalised legumes, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), woolly clover (T. tomentosum L.), and cluster clover (T. glomeratum L.), was related to soil characteristics on a transect that ascended from a winter waterlogged area in a wheatbelt pasture. Growth of the 3 species was compared with other species from section Vesicaria (T. resupinatum and T. clusii) in waterlogged and freely drained pots for 34 days. Of the 3 naturalised legumes present in the transect, cluster clover was rare, and woolly and subterranean clovers were separated on the basis of their response to soil pH and the likelihood of winter waterlogging. Subterranean clover was absent from soil with pH > 7·0; these areas were dominated by woolly clover. Areas with pH < 7·0 were dominated by subterranean clover, except where winter waterlogging was likely, in which case they were once again dominated by woolly clover. The waterlogging tolerance of woolly clover, together with that of other species in section Vesicaria, was confirmed in the pot experiment. After 34 days, shoot dry weight of the waterlogged Vesicaria species was an average of 39% greater than the freely drained controls. Root length continued to increase for the duration of the waterlogging treatment with much of the new root growth as laterals. Conversely, shoot and root growth in subterranean and cluster clovers was severely reduced by waterlogging. The patchy distribution of woolly clover in many wheatbelt pastures can be explained by its response to high pH and winter waterlogging compared with subterranean clover.

Differential tolerance of genotypes of Medicago truncatula to low pH

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bounejmate ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and nodulation of five Moroccan ecotypes of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Collected from soils of different pH, Medicago truncatula cv. Cyprus and Medicago murex Willd. cv. Zodiac, were compared in soil and solution at different pH values. The seven genotypes tested varied greatly in their ability to grow and nodulate on acid soils. Increasing soil pH from 4.5 to 5.4 increased the shoot dry weight of Cyprus and three M. truncatula ecotypes but not Zodiac and two M. truncatula ecotypes. Cultivar Cyprus, with a shoot dry weight at pH 4.5 only 58% of that at pH 5.4, was the most affected by acidity. Nodulation was the most sensitive step as nodule numbers decreased with increasing acidity for sensitive genotypes. Several genotypes were more able to nodulate at low pH than the commercial cultivar Cyprus. Acid tolerance was not restricted to genotypes occurring naturally in acid soils.

Evaluation of Shubhodoya Mycorrhizal Bio-fertilizer for Enhancing Rooting of Nursery Tea Plants.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01-02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibet Sitienei ◽  
Evelyne C. Cheramgoi ◽  
Methusela Rop ◽  
David M. Kamau ◽  
Robert Keter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
And Control

Bio-fertilizers have not been exploited in Kenya on tea production despite benefits demonstrated in many crops. The bio-fertilizers are organisms that enrich nutrient soil quality. Plants have beneficial relationships with such organisms. Shubhodoya mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer is a consortium of three different species of Glomus mycorrhizal fungus, produced in laboratory under sterile conditions. They are cultured and used for inoculating seed or soil or both under ideal conditions to increase availability of plant nutrients. A nursery experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Shubhodaya mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer (SMB) in enhancing growth of two tea clones, TRFK 306 and EPK TN14-3. Different rates of SMB (0.6g, 0.9g, and 1.2g), standard treatment (6g diammonium phosphate) and control (no fertilizer) were laid out in randomized complete block design. Sleeved seedlings with the soil were randomly sampled from the nursery for analysis of soil pH, assessment of growth parameters and mycorrhizal colonization were conducted. Root samples were used to determine dry weight and to conduct assays for VAM infection. The SMB did not have adverse effects on soil pH in the nursery. Plants subjected to the DAP treatment all died after weeks 27. Increasing application of SMB rates and frequency increased shoot growth. SMB at 1.2 g exhibited the lowest shoots dry weight while SMB at 0.6 and 0.9g had the highest. After 62 weeks from planting, there was an abrupt increase in shoot dry weight. Successful colonization of tea roots with inoculation of SMB was also observed. SMB colonized the tea roots an indication that it has potential for exploitation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document