scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM FROM ACID AND CALCAREOUS SOILS WITH THE KELOWNA MULTIPLE ELEMENT EXTRACTANT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. VAN LIEROP ◽  
N. A. GOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Interpretation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Correlation Techniques ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Soil Groups

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Kelowna multiple element extractant and some EDTA and DTPA modifications for simultaneous determination of potassium and sodium in acid and calcareous soils. To that end, the relationships between K and Na concentrations extracted with 1 N NH4OAc and the Kelowna multiple element extractant (0.25 N HOAc + 0.015 N NH4F) were assessed. However, relationships between K and Na concentrations removed by the modified Kelowna multiple element extractants containing either EDTA or DTPA (KEDTA & KDTPA with NH4F; and AAEDTA & AADTPA without NH4F) were evaluated by comparing values against those obtained with the Kelowna extractant. Addition of these complexing agents was of interest because of their potential in enabling simultaneous extraction of available Zn. The procedures were evaluated by contrasting K and Na concentrations extracted from 100 Canadian soils — half which had pH values between 4.1 and 6.9 (H2O) and a second group with values between 7 and 9.6 — by means of graphing, regression and correlation techniques. Potassium and sodium concentrations removed by the Kelowna extractant ranged from 25 to 510 μg and from 10 to 1420 μg mL−1 soil, respectively. The Kelowna and its EDTA and DTPA modifications extracted K and Na as effectively from acid as calcareous soils. This conclusion was supported by the similar regression slopes obtained when relating concentrations of K and Na removed from these soil groups by the multiple element extractants against those removed by 1 N NH4OAc (r-values ≥ 0.97**). However, the new multiple element extractants removed an average of about 20% less K than 1 N NH4OAc from these soils, though similar Na levels. The lower K levels removed from the Kelowna extractant, or by one of its modifications, may require that soil test interpretation norms be adjusted to compensate for the lower values when using one of these to determine K-availability. A significant correlation was found between extracted Na levels and 1:2 vol/vol water-extract conductivities (r ≥ 0.83**) suggesting that "higher" Na levels may be soluble instead of exchangeable. Some Na test interpretations are discussed in the text. Key words: EDTA, DTPA

EFFECT OF EDTA AND DTPA ON AVAILABLE-P EXTRACTION WITH THE KELOWNA MULTIPLE ELEMENT EXTRACTANT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
W. VAN LIEROP
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Available P ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Simultaneous Extraction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Regression Techniques

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding either 0.001M EDTA or 0.005M DTPA on the amount of P removed from acid and calcareous soils by the Kelowna and 0.25M HO Ac extractants. These complexing agents were studied for possible simultaneous extraction and determination of available Zn. To achieve that end, P-concentrations removed by these solutions from a group of acid, calcareous, and combined soils were compared against reference values obtained with 0.5M NaHCO3 (Olsen et al.) and the Kelowna extractant (0.25M HOAc + 0.015M NH4F) by means of graphing, correlation and regression techniques. Of the 80 soils studied, 40 were acid with pH (H2O) values ranging from 4.2 to 6.9 and the remainder having higher values up to 9.3. Results indicated that additions of either 0.001M EDTA or 0.005M DTPA to the Kelowna solution increased average extracted P concentrations by about 20 and 60%, respectively. Values removed by either of the new KEDTA and KDTPA solutions were closely related to those extracted with 0.5M NaHCO3 and Kelowna solutions on acid and calcareous soils (r values ≥ 0.96**). As EDTA and DTPA increased extracted soil P, these were added at 0.001 and 0.005M as NH4 preparations to 0.25M HOAc (AADTPA & AAEDTA; without fluoride), respectively, for determining whether these complexing agents could supplant F for P extraction. These solutions removed proportionally related amounts (r ≈ 0.94**) of P from calcareous, compared to the Kelowna and 0.5M NaHCO3 solutions, but relationships were less precise for acid soils (r ≈ 0.76**). These results suggest that the AADTPA or AAEDTA solution should be evaluated further before adoption for routine P determination in multiple element extractions. Key words: Mehlich in, acid soils, calcareous soils

scholarly journals On the determination of soil pH

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ritva Ryti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soil Groups

In the present paper the routine determination of soil pH in the laboratory was studied using a material of 15 soil samples of various kind and in addition, two larger soil groups, consisting of 80 and 406 samples respectively. In comparing the pH values determined in water and in 0.01 M CaCl2 suspensions, the latter proved to be almost independent of the soil/liquid ratio between 1: 2.5 and 1: 10, that markedly affected the pHH2O values. The change with time from the pH values measured after the first hour showed less variation in CaCl2 suspensions than in water suspensions; the constancy observed in pHCaCl2 values indicating that a relatively short equilibration period of 1—2 hours would be sufficient. To sum up these results, the use of 0.01 M CaCl2 would mean easy and accurate measurements well suited to mass pH determinations. A linear relationship and a highly significant positive correlation was found between pHH2O and pHCaCl2 values in a material of 406 soil samples. The difference between the two values, which largely depends on the soils’ own salt content, ranged from 0 to 1.1 pH units, with the mean difference of 0.49. Therefore, the suggested use of a constant correction factor to bring the pHCaCl2 values to the level of the pH measured in water, is not recommendable. The main advantage of using 0.01 M CaCl2 would be the concealing of differences in salt content of a soil. The use of pHCaCl2 values would also offer new ways for getting more information about a soil’s exchange capacities, as it provides the center point for TERÄSVUORI’s (13) soil curve.

scholarly journals Bonding of Selected Hardwoods with PVAc Adhesive

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Ján Sedliačik ◽  
Jozef Kúdela ◽  
Viera Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The Impact

The bonding of wood with assembly adhesives is crucial for manufacturing wood composites, such as solid wood panels, glulam, furniture parts, and sport and musical instruments. This work investigates 13 hardwoods—bangkirai, beech, black locust, bubinga, ipé, iroko, maçaranduba, meranti, oak, palisander, sapelli, wengé and zebrano—and analyzes the impact of their selected structural and physical characteristics (e.g., the density, cold water extract, pH value, roughness, and wettability) on the adhesion strength with the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive Multibond SK8. The adhesion strength of the bonded hardwoods, determined by the standard EN 205, ranged in the dry state from 9.5 MPa to 17.2 MPa, from 0.6 MPa to 2.6 MPa in the wet state, and from 8.5 MPa to 19.2 MPa in the reconditioned state. The adhesion strength in the dry state of the bonded hardwoods was not influenced by their cold water extracts, pH values, or roughness parallel with the grain. On the contrary, the adhesion strength was significantly with positive tendency influenced by their higher densities, lower roughness parameters perpendicular to the grain, and lower water contact angles.

Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity on Low to Highly Calcareous Soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1479-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingren Wang ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Waldemar Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity

DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE BASE SATURATION OF SOILS AND ITS VALUE IN DIFFERENT SOILS AT DEFINITE PH VALUES

Soil Science ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. PIERRE ◽  
G. D. SCARSETH
Keyword(s):  
Base Saturation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Different Soils

USING MALIC ACID SOLUTIONS FOR THE HYDRATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND LECITHIN PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. МАРЧЕНКО ◽  
Т.Н. БОКОВИКОВА ◽  
Е.В. ЛИСОВАЯ ◽  
С.А. ИЛЬИНОВА ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Исследована возможность применения яблочной кислоты (ЯК) в качестве гидратирующего агента для перевода негидратируемых форм фосфолипидов в гидратируемые. Выбор ЯК обусловлен ее стоимостью, которая в 1,5 раза меньше стоимости янтарной кислоты, широко применяемой в качестве гидратирующего агента, а также большей доступностью с точки зрения промышленного производства. Исследование процесса комплексообразования и определение состава комплексных соединений ЯК с ионами кальция и магния осуществляли методом потенциометрического титрования. Установлено, что внесение в раствор ЯК ионов кальция и магния приводит к снижению значений рН, что свидетельствует о наличии комплексообразования в указанных системах. Наиболее устойчивыми являются комплексы ионов кальция и магния с непротонированным лигандом при соотношении Ме2 : лиганд 1 : 1. В процессе комплексообразования ионы Ca2 и Mg2 вытесняют протоны только карбоксильных групп ЯК, которая с ионами кальция образует более устойчивые комплексы, чем с ионами магния. Показано, что устойчивость комплексов ЯК с ионами кальция и магния значительно выше, чем устойчивость комплексов фосфатидилсеринов и фосфатидных кислот с указанными ионами. Использование водных растворов ЯК в качестве гидратирующего агента позволит повысить эффективность процесса гидратации и увеличить выход фосфолипидов и, следовательно, готового продукта лецитина. The possibility of using malic acid (MA) as a hydrating agent for converting non-hydrated forms of phospholipids into hydrated ones has been investigated. The choice of MA is due to its cost, which is 1,5 times less than the cost of succinic acid, as well as greater availability from the point of view of industrial production. The study of the complexation process and determination of the composition of complex compounds of MA with calcium and magnesium ions was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration. It was found that the introduction of calcium and magnesium ions into the MA solution leads to a decrease in pH values, which indicates the presence of complexation in these systems. Complexes of calcium and magnesium ions with an unprotected ligand at a ratio of ME2 : ligand 1 : 1 are the most stable. In the process of complexing, Ca2 and Mg2 ions displace protons only of the carboxyl groups of MA, which forms more stable complexes with calcium ions than with magnesium ions. It is shown that the stability of MA complexes with calcium and magnesium ions is significantly higher than the stability of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complexes with these ions. Using water solutions of MA as a hydrating agent will increase the efficiency of the hydration process and increase the yield of phospholipids and, consequently, the finished product lecithin.

Impact of sulfate on the solubility of Tc(IV) in acidic to hyperalkaline aqueous reducing systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Duckworth ◽  
Xavier Gaona ◽  
Alexander Baumann ◽  
Kathy Dardenne ◽  
Jörg Rothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Mixed Salt ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
Amorphous Character ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The solubility of 99Tc(IV) was investigated from undersaturation conditions in NaCl–Na2SO4 (0.3 M ≤ I ≤ 5.0 M), MgCl2–MgSO4 (I = 13.5 M) and CaCl2–CaSO4 (I = 13.5 M) systems with 0.001 M ≤ [SO4 2−]tot ≤ 1.0 M and 1 ≤ pH m  ≤ 12 (with pH m  = −log[H+], in molal units). Reducing conditions were set by either Sn(II) or Fe(0). Special efforts were dedicated to accurately characterize the correction factors A m required for the determination of pH m from the experimentally measured pH values in the mixed salt systems investigated, with pH m  = pHexp + A m . The combination of (pe + pH m ) measurements with Pourbaix diagrams of Tc suggests that technetium is present in its +IV redox state. This hypothesis is confirmed by XANES, which unambiguously shows the predominance of Tc(IV) both in the aqueous and solid phases of selected solubility samples. XRD and SEM–EDS support the amorphous character of the solid phase controlling the solubility of Tc(IV). EXAFS data confirm the predominance of TcO2(am, hyd) at pH m  > 1.5, whereas the formation of a Tc(IV)–O–Cl solid phase is hinted at lower pHm values in concentrated NaCl–Na2SO4 systems with ≈5 M NaCl. Solubility data collected in sulfate-containing systems are generally in good agreement with previous solubility studies conducted in sulfate-free NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions of analogous ionic strength. Although the complexation of Tc(IV) with sulfate cannot be completely ruled out, these results strongly support that, if occurring, complexation must be weak and has no significant impact on the solubility of Tc(IV) in dilute up to highly saline media. Solubility upper-limits determined in this work can be used for source term estimations including the effect of sulfate in a variety of geochemical conditions relevant in the context of nuclear waste disposal.

scholarly journals Significance of pH-value for meat quality of broilers: Influence of breed lines

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ristic ◽  
K. Damme
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
And Gender

For determination of poultry quality shortly after slaughtering, physical criteria (pH-value, conductivity, colour, juice retention) are of importance. However, they are affected by breeding, transport, cooling and the storage period. PH-values of breast meat (genetically structured material) were recorded shortly after slaughtering (15 min p.m.) and differences between breeding line and gender were found (n=5109). The pH1-values ranged from 5.50 to 6.79. Male broilers showed significantly lower pH1-values than female ones (6.02:6.10). There were also significant differences concerning breeding line and gender. Meat quality (PSE, DFD) of broilers can be recorded quickly and accurately determining the pH1-value of breast meat. Threshold ranges to be considered are ? 5.8 (PSE), 5.9-6.2 (standard meat properties) and ? 6.3 (DFD). This classification is not to be compared to the deviation of pork.

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