Response of no-till winter wheat to seed-placed ammonium nitrate fertilizer

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
J. Brydon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be successfully overwintered in most regions of the Canadian prairies if it is sown without prior tillage into standing stubble immediately after harvest of the previous crop. Soil nitrogen (N) is usually deficient in this production system and N fertilization is necessary to optimize yield and maintain minimum quality standards. In the present study, the effect of seed-placed (SP), early-spring broadcast (BC), and SP/BC combinations of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (AN) on winter survival, grain yield and protein production of winter wheat was investigated in 15 field trials conducted over a wide range of soil types and environmental conditions in Saskatchewan. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer placed in a 20-mm-wide band with Norstar winter wheat seed produced average grain yield responses for 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha−1 treatments that were 98, 84, and 71% of comparable BC treatments, respectively. Average grain protein yield responses for the 34, 67, and 101 kg ha−1 SP N treatments were 94, 82, and 74% of comparable BC treatments, respectively. Grain protein concentration responses were similar for comparable BC and SP N treatments. Yield responses for 34 kg N ha−1 SP and BC treatments indicated that AN could be seed-placed at low rates without significantly reducing N-use efficiency. However, significant reductions in winter survival potential in all trials where differential winterkill occurred suggested that even rates as low as 34 kg N ha−1 SP AN should be avoided when cultivars with marginal winter hardiness are utilized. Key words: Winter wheat, no-till, seed-placed N, yield, protein, winter survival

Feasibility of applying all nitrogen and phosphorus requirements at planting of no-till winter wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
D. Domitruk ◽  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
P Fertilizer

The recent advances in no-till seeding technology are providing new N management options for crop production on the prairies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential interaction between P and N fertilizer on winter wheat production in a one-pass seeding and fertilizing system and to determine the feasibility of side-banding all N requirements using urea or anhydrous ammonia at planting as compared with the current practice of broadcasting ammonium nitrate early in the spring. Three forms of N fertilizer (urea, anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate), three rates of N (50, 75 and 100 kg ha–1) and three rates of P (0, 9 and 17 kg P ha–1) were investigated. Urea and anhydrous ammonia were applied during the seeding operation, whereas ammonium nitrate was broadcast the following spring. Applying P fertilizer to the side and below the seed at planting with rates > 9 kg Pha–1 increased grain yield in 3 out of 6 site-years when ammonium nitrate was broadcast early in the spring. The positive yield response to P corresponded to soil test levels of 24 kg P ha–1. With soil test levels greater than 34 kg P ha–1, grain yield response to P fertilizer was not observed. When urea was banded at planting, together with P fertilizer, the yield increases with the increased P rates was shown only in 1 out of 6 site-years. At 5 of th e 6 site-years, grain protein concentration was not affected by P fertilizer; while for 1 site-year, the high rate of P fertilization decreased grain protein concentration. Responses of total grain N and P yields to P fertilization were parallel to the corresponding responses of P fertilization to grain yield, and were rarely associated with N or P concentrations in the grain. Applying N fertilizer at rates of 50 to 100 kg N ha–1 increased winter wheat grain yields by 3 to 8% in 3 out of 6 site-years. The high N rates increased grain protein concentrations in all 6 site-years. Grain protein concentration was 6% greater with N fertilizer applied as ammonium nitrate in early spring than when banding urea or anhydrous ammonia at planting. More consistent improvements in grain yield and grain protein concentration were obtained when the N fertilizer was applied as ammonium nitrate in the spring. Further research is required to determine the benefits of applying some of the crop’s N fertilizer requirements at planting, to reduce the risks of N stresses when the spring application is delayed because of adverse weather or soil conditions. Key words: Ammonium nitrate, anhydrous ammonia, grain yield, nitrogen timing, phosphorus, protein, urea

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

scholarly journals Patterns of tillering and grain production of winter wheat at a wide range of plant densities.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities

The effect of plant density on the growth and productivity of the various ear-bearing stems of winter wheat was studied in detail to obtain information on the pattern of grain production of crops grown under field conditions. Strong compensation effects were measured: a 160-fold increase in plant density (5-800 plants/m2) finally resulted in a 3-fold increase in grain yield (282 to 850 g DM/m2). Max. grain yield was achieved at 100 plants/m2, which corresponded to 430 ears/m2 and to about 19 000 grains/m2. At higher plant densities more ears and more grains were produced, but grain yield remained constant. Tillering/plant was largely favoured by low plant densities because these allowed tiller formation to continue for a longer period and a greater proportion of tillers produced ears. However, at higher plant densities more tillers/unit area were formed and, despite a higher mortality, more ears were produced. The productivity of individual ears, from main stems as well as from tillers, decreased with increasing plant density and with later emergence of shoots. In the range from 5 to 800 plants/m2 grain yield/ear decreased from 2.40 to 1.14 g DM. At 800 plants/m2 nearly all ears originated from main stems, but with decreasing plant density tillers contributed increasingly to the number of ears. At 5 plants/m2, there were 23 ears/plant and grain yield/ear ranged from 4.20 (main stem) to 1.86 g DM (late-formed stems). Grain number/ear was reduced at higher densities and on younger stems, because there were fewer fertile spikelets and fewer grains in these spikelets. At the low density of 5 plants/m2, plants developed solitarily and grain yield/ear was determined by the number of grains/ear as well as by grain wt. Above 400 ears/m2, in this experiment reached at 100 plants/m2 and more, grain yield/ear depended solely on grain number, because the wt. of grains of the various stems were similar. The harvest index showed a max. of about 44% at a moderate plant density; at this density nearly max. grain yield was achieved. At low plant densities the harvest index decreased from 45% in main stems to about 36% in late-formed stems. However, no differences in harvest index existed between the various ear-bearing stems if the number of ears exceeded 400/m2. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Nitrogen Carrier and Surfactant Increase Foliar Herbicide Injury in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Mosad A. El-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
One Year

A three-year field study in west-central Kansas investigated the effects of combinations of spray carrier, nonionic surfactant (NIS), triasulfuron, and/or 2,4-D on winter wheat foliar injury and grain yield. Herbicides applied in water without NIS caused little or no foliar injury in two of three years. Urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 112 L/ha (40 kg N/ha) alone or as a carrier for herbicides caused moderate to severe foliar injury in all three years. Adding NIS to UAN spray solutions increased foliar injury, especially with the tank mixture of triasulfuron + 2,4-D. Effects of triasulfuron + NIS or 2,4-D applied in UAN were additive. Foliar injury was related inversely to temperature following application. Foliar injury was most evident 4 to 7 d after application and disappeared within 2 to 3 wk. Diluting UAN 50% with water lessened foliar injury in two of three years, especially in the presence of NIS, regardless of whether herbicides were in the spray solution. Treatments did not reduce wheat grain yield in any year despite estimates of up to 53% foliar injury one year.

Winter Wheat Photosynthesis and Grain Yield Responses to Spring Freeze

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1002-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangnan Li ◽  
Hanchun Pu ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Nitrogen Rate and Timing Effects on Winter Wheat Grain Yield, Grain Protein, and Economics

jpa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vaughan ◽  
D. G. Westfall ◽  
K. A. Barbarick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Timing Effects

Influence of fertilizers on rewintering and productivity of winter wheat of a grade "Kazan 560"

10.12737/3830 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Сабирова ◽  
Razina Sabirova ◽  
Шакиров ◽  
Rafil Shakirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Target Level ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Favorable Weather

The paper discusses the issues of fertilizers effect on germination, plant productivity and overwintering of Kazanskaya 560 variety winter wheat. The results showed that pre-sowing seed treatment by Humate fertilizer “Bioplant Floro” calculated 0.5 liters per ton increases the seed germination to 4-5%, the accumulation of sugars in the tillering nodes of winter wheat to 10-11%, and the safety of overwintering plants to cleaning to 5-10%. The calculated fertilizer norms allow to get close to planned levels of crop during favorable weather conditions. Treating the seeds by “Bioplant Flora”, the yield exceeded the target level (4.1 tons per hectare instead of planned 4 tons per hectare of grain). An application NPK and ammonium nitrate as an ordinal fertilizer at planting provides almost the same level of productivity of the main fertilizers, calculated to produce 3 tons per hectare. It is undesirable to use ammonium nitrate fertilizer on winter wheat as ordinal, especially after steam cleaner with a high nitrogen content. This can reduce its winter hardiness quality. Good results are obtained by using nitrate in the doze 1 centner per hectare in bulk

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till systems prompted a study on the effects of tillage and residue management systems on corn growth and seedbed conditions. Four methods for managing wheat residue (all residue removed, straw baled after harvest, straw left on the soil surface, straw left on the soil surface plus application of 50 kg ha−1N in the fall) were evaluated at two tillage levels: fall moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT). No-till treatments required at least 2 more days to achieve 50% corn emergence and 50% silking, and had the lowest corn biomass at 5 and 7 wk after planting. Grain yield was similar among MP treatments and averaged 1.1 t ha−1 higher than NT treatments (P < 0.05). Completely removing all wheat residue from NT plots reduced the number of days required to achieve 50% corn emergence and increased grain yields by 0.43 and 0.61 t ha–1 over baling and not baling straw, respectively, but still resulted in 8% lower grain yields than MP treatments. Grain yield differences among MP treatments were insignificant regardless of the amount of wheat residue left on the surface or N application in the fall. Early in the growing season, the NT treatments where residue was not removed had lower soil growing degree days (soil GDD) compared with MP (baled) treatment, and higher soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm compared with all other treatments. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 in the fall to NT (not baled) plots influenced neither the amount of wheat residue on the soil surface, nor the soil NO3-N levels at planting. Our results suggest that corn response in NT systems after wheat mostly depends on residue level. Key words: Winter wheat, straw management, no-till, corn, soil temperature, soil moisture

Identification of stay-green and early senescence phenotypes in high-yielding winter wheat, and their relationship to grain yield and grain protein concentration using high-throughput phenotyping techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kipp ◽  
Bodo Mistele ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

Yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) represent crucial factors in the global agricultural wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and are predominantly determined via carbon and nitrogen metabolism, respectively. The maintenance of green leaf area and the onset of senescence (Osen) are expected to be involved in both C and N accumulation and their translocation into grains. The aim of this study was to identify stay-green and early senescence phenotypes in a field experiment of 50 certified winter wheat cultivars and to investigate the relationships among Osen, yield and GPC. Colour measurements on flag leaves were conducted to determine Osen for 20 cultivars and partial least square regression models were used to calculate Osen for the remaining 30 cultivars based on passive spectral reflectance measurements as a high-throughput phenotyping technique for all varieties. Using this method, stay-green and early senescence phenotypes could be clearly differentiated. A significant negative relationship between Osen and grain yield (r2 = 0.81) was observed. By contrast, GPC showed a significant positive relationship to Osen (r2 = 0.48). In conclusion, the high-throughput character of our proposed phenotyping method should help improve the detection of such traits in large field trials as well as help us reach a better understanding of the consequences of the timing of senescence on yield.

Recovery of fertiliser nitrogen in wheat grain and its implications for economic fertiliser use

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
CC Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Yield Responses

Grain yield, protein, and nitrogen uptake responses are reported for 6 wheat fertiliser experiments in northern New South Wales which were representative of sites that were highly responsive, moderately responsive, and non-responsive to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied at sowing. Apparent recoveries of applied N of 33-57% in the grain were recorded where grain yield was steeply increasing in response to additional applied N. Where yield increases were smaller in response to increments of N fertiliser, N recovery was 22-3096, but where further N application increased grain protein content but not grain yield, apparent recovery of additional fertiliser N fell below 20%. Apparent recovery was less than 10% in experiments where there was no yield response to N fertiliser. The implications for fertiliser recommendations are discussed relative to potential premium payment for wheat protein levels. It was concluded that established premium payments are too low to make N application an economic proposition to increase grain protein levels in the absence of grain yield responses.

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