The biology of Canadian weeds. 120. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv.

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Francis ◽  
S. I. Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
A Site ◽  
Disturbed Soils

A review of biological information is provided for Neslia paniculata. Native to central Eurasia, this species is naturalized in other temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In North America it is most abundant in Canada’s prairie provinces, but has spread west and north to British Columbia, Alaska, Yukon and the Northwest Territories, and to scattered locations in eastern Canada and the northern United States. It is typically a summer annual weed of disturbed soils. Its growth habit and persistence in the seed bank have enabled it to spread as an adventive and to maintain its presence in cultivated areas. While it is present in relatively low frequency as a weed in most crops, its indehiscent seed pods can contaminate harvested crops and spread in seed commodities. The small size of its seed pods and the similarity of its seeds to those of canola and condiment mustard have led to its regulation as a significant contaminant of commercial seed. It is generally well controlled by herbicides (e.g., sulfonylureas, glyphosate, MCPA, bromoxynil, and 2, 4-D); however, a population resistant to metsulfuron-methyl, one of the Group 2 herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), was found at a site in Alberta in 1998. Key words: Ball mustard, Neslia paniculata, weed biology, herbicide resistance, seed contaminant

The biology of Canadian weeds. 9. Thlaspi arvense L. (updated)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
A. Francis ◽  
D. J. Susko
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Disturbed Soils

An updated review of biological information is provided for Thlaspi arvense. Native to Eurasia, the species is naturalized and widely spread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including all of Canada's provinces and territories, and has recently spread to temperate regions in the southern hemisphere. It is an annual pioneer of disturbed soils and is an important weed of grain, oilseed, and forage crops in Canada, particularly in the prairies. High levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates can contaminate canola. When present in hay or other fodder, its seeds or leaves can be toxic to animals, as well as contaminate milk and meat with unpleasant flavors. It can serve as a host for insect, nematode, fungal and viral pests of canola and mustard crops. A persistent seed bank, high fecundity, and the growth habit of a hardy winter annual with early- (EF) and late-flowering (LF) strains, all contribute to its ability to compete with crops. Effective herbicides include the sulfonylureas, chlorsulfuron and ethametsulphuron, MCPA, tribenuronmethyl, phenocyacetic acid, flurtamone, 2,4-D, 2,4-D + dicamba, and 2,4-D + picloram. A resistant biotype to Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), has been found at two to five sites in Alberta in 2001. The potential of T. arvense as an industrial oilseed crop is being investigated. Key words: Stinkweed, Thlaspi arvense, weed biology, field pennycress, fanweed, oilseed potential

The biology of Canadian weeds. 126. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Costea and F. J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

A review of biological information is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. The last species has been revised taxonomically and a new subspecies for Canada is presented-A. blitum subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Munoz Garmendia & Pedrol. Amaranthus albus and A. blitoides are native to the U.S.A. and introduced to Canada. Both species are annual ruderal and agrestal weeds. During the past 100 yr the two species have spread across most provinces of Canada, but the greatest frequency and abundance have been recorded in Saskatchewan. Originating from Europe, Asia and North Africa, A. blitum was initially considered a non-persistent species. The present study shows that A. blitum especially, subsp. emarginatus, has continued to spread in Québec. The three species are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. In other areas (U.S.A., Europe and Asia), the three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Key words: Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus blitum, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 3. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea & Tardif

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Costea ◽  
Susan E Weaver ◽  
François J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Viable Seeds

This annual dioecious weed was found in 2002 and 2003 infesting soybean fields in southwestern Ontario, and it was collected in 1992 from waste places in British Columbia. It is a major weed problem in field crops in the mid-western United States, where it has become increasingly difficult to control during the past 10 yr. Morphological differences between Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis and var. tuberculatus are presented. A review of the biological information published is provided. Plants exhibit high phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability. Emergence is prolonged, growth rapid, and female plants produce a large number of viable seeds that contribute to a persistent seed bank. Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis has developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate synthase- and protoporphyrinogen-inhibiting herbicides. Airborne pollen can travel significant distances and A. tuberculatus var. rudis may hybridize with other noxious Amaranthus spp. transferring herbicide resistance or other traits. Key words: Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis, AMATA, Amaranthus rudis, common waterhemp, weed biology, invasive alien

scholarly journals The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I Warwick ◽  
Ardath Francis
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Als Inhibitors

A review of biological information is provided for Raphanus raphanistrum L. Native to the Mediterranean region, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. In Canada, it currently occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitoba, has only a limited distribution in Alberta, and is also absent from the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. It is most abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific regions and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritime provinces and Quebec. A persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. It can easily hybridize with cultivated radish, R. sativus L., and commonly does so when they occur together. Limited hybridization with canola, Brassica napus L., has been reported from several experimental field and greenhouse trials. Selective herbicide control is most difficult in canola and other cruciferous crops. It is the most important dicot weed in the southwestern region of Australia, primarily due to the evolution of several different herbicide-resistant biotypes. These include biotypes resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors (group 2 herbicides) and/or photosystem II-inhibitors (group 5), and a biotype with multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican). A biotype resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron has also been detected in South Africa. Key words: Wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum, herbicide resistance, canola, hybridization, RAPRA

The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L.

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Costea ◽  
S. E. Weaver ◽  
F. J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

A review of the biological information published after 1980 is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L. The three species are noxious weeds introduced to Canada from southern North America. Their geographical distribution has remained almost unchanged since the original paper published in 1980. The plants exhibit a high phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability and they easily adapt to a multitude of agrestal and ruderal habitats. The seeds contribute to a persistent seed bank; they exhibit a variable dormancy and polymorph germination as a result of maternal, genetic and environmental factors. Growth is rapid and plants produce a large number of viable seeds. The three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. They are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. Key words: Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus powellii, Amaranthus hybridus, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PECULIARITIES OF WHOOPING COUGH IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
I.V. Babachenko ◽  
◽  
Y.V. Nesterova ◽  
N.V. Skripchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Group 1

Objective of the research: to present the clinical and laboratory peculiarities of modern whooping cough in hospitalized children of different ages. Materials and methods: сlinical and laboratory characteristics of whooping cough were analyzed in 88 hospitalized sick children aged 1 month to 18 years in groups of children: group 1 – children under 1 year old; group 2 – children 1–6 years old; group 3 – children 7–17 years old. DNA of causative agents of pertussis infection was isolated by PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs using a commercial kit AmpliSens®Bordetella multi-FL (Moscow). Results: children of group 1 in 90% (n=43) of cases were not vaccinated against whooping cough, severe forms were recorded in 17% (n=8) of children of the 1st year of life, and in 15% (n=7) – due to respiratory rhythm disturbances. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR in 94% (n=45) of children, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis was detected in 81,5% (n=101). Along with hematological changes typical for whooping cough, 79% (n=38) of patients in the first year of life had thrombocytosis (>400×109/l), which was most pronounced in severe disease course 511,5 [425; 568,5]×109/l vs 421 [347; 505,5]×109/l; p<0,05, which has no tendency to decrease throughout the entire observation period and correlates with the level of leukocytes (rs=0,69; p<0,001). Patients over 7 years old in 88% (n=21) of cases were vaccinated against whooping cough, but 79% (n=27) hemograms had no characteristic changes, which, along with a low frequency of confirmation of the diagnosis by PCR 22% (n=4), made it difficult to diagnose whooping cough. Conclusion: children over 7 years of age may not have characteristic hematological changes and PCR diagnostics are insufficiently effective, which contributes to the spread of whooping cough in family foci.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 108. Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Germplasm Resource ◽  
Winter Annual

A review of biological information is provided for Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz. A European native, it was introduced into Canada and the United States in the early 1900s and spread rapidly along the railroads. The species occurs in all the provinces and the Northwest Territories and is particularly abundant in the Prairie provinces and mid-western United States. It is a summer annual, rarely a winter annual or biennial species, and is characterized by high reproductive output. Plants occur most commonly on waste ground and along roadsides and railroads, followed by agricultural fields. Erucastrum gallicum is of allopolyploid origins (n = 15, 7 + 8 chromosomes), and contains a single multi-locus isozyme genotype. The species is a close relative of Brassica and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the canola species, B. rapa and B. napus. The possible transfer of genes from transgenic canola varieties to Erucastrum gallicum poses a remote, but potential, environmental risk. Populations of Erucastrum gallicum, including both Old World and North American populations, constitute a valuable germplasm resource as potential sources of beneficial agronomic traits, such as disease resistance for canola crop improvement. Key words: Dog mustard, Erucastrum gallicum, weed biology, risk assessment, germplasm, canola

La categoría ‘adjetivo’ en elArte del idioma zapoteco(1578) y elVocabulario en lengua çapoteca(1578) de Juan de Córdova

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 259-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María Rojas Torres
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Grammatical Class ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
A Site

This article offers a treatment of the linguistic category ‘adjective’ that appears in two colonial sources, both written by Fray Juan de Córdova, O.P. in 1578: theArte del idioma zapotecoand theVocabulario en lengua çapoteca. Juan de Córdova was a Dominican friar, born in Córdoba, Spain in probably 1501. In 1543, Juan de Córdova was ordained at the Convento Imperial de México and later was sent to the Dominican Monastery of Oaxaca. He served as Province Minister for two years — from 1568 to 1570 — and later he continued to be a missionary among the Zapotec, when he wrote his great work on their language. Toward the end of his life, Juan de Córdova returned to Oaxaca and died in the Dominican Monastery of Old Antequera in 1595.
Based on the description of the category of the adjective, as proposed by Córdova and the analysis of the language as is currently spoken, particularly in the area of Santa Ana del Valle, Oaxaca, the author will show that the grammatical class proposed by Córdova was not actually formed as such during the period he describes. It will be shown, based on the analysis of two colonial texts — thetestamentosby Gabriel Luis (1610) and Juan López (1618) — that the words that Cordova calls adjectives not only occur with very low-frequency but, more crucially, their categorization as adjectives has been due to their role in the Spanish translations more than to their grammatical characteristics. These two testaments had been compiled, with other testaments and documents of several kinds, namely as documents in a legal suit concerning a site named Gueguecahui. It is relevant to mention that testaments are not very reliable kind of document for a syntactic analysis of the language, since they have a very rigid structure that apparently mimics the schema used in testaments written in Spanish. Nevertheless, they can show that the attributive modification function is seldom used, and the cases found do not support that these expressions really pertain to the syntactic category of adjectives.
Furthermore, the analysis of adjectives as currently used in the Zapotec of Santa Ana del Valle shows that, more often than not, they do not correspond to adjectives but indeed verbs in Cordova’sVocabulario. This affirmation is based on a comparative analysis of some adjectives in modern Zapotec of Santa Ana del Valle with related words given adjectival meanings in Cordova´sVocabulario. In conclusion there is not enough evidence of the existence of adjective category in 16th-century Zapotec.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 77.Veratrum viride Ait.

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD A. MULLIGAN ◽  
DEREK B. MUNRO
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Veratrum viride Ait., false hellebore. It is a herbaceous perennial, native to wet habitats in North America. Subspecies viride occurs primarily in eastern Canada and subspecies eschscholtzii (A. Gray) Löve and Löve in the west. Both subspecies have the chromosome number of n = 16, 2n = 32. Ingested material of false hellebore is poisonous to humans and livestock.Key words: False hellebore, Veratrum viride Ait., weed biology

Drainage and Water Quality in Northern United States and Eastern Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Ritter ◽  
R. P. Rudra ◽  
P. H. Milburn ◽  
S. Prasher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Northern United States
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