Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Yield and processing quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
E. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank Potato ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fry Colour ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity

Split fertilizer N application is thought to improve fertilizer N use efficiency of potato, primarily by reducing NO3 leaching losses. This study evaluated the effects of the rate and timing of N fertilization on yield and processing quality of Russet Burbank potato under rain-fed production. Trials conducted in 1999–2001 included different fertilizer N rates (0–160 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0–200 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) applied either at planting according to normal grower practice, or at hilling, the latest time that granular fertilizer can practically be applied. Tuber total and marketable yield, size distribution, specific gravity, fry colour and tuber concentrations of NO3, sucrose and glucose were measured. Increasing rates of N fertilization increased tuber yield and tuber size, increased tuber NO3 concentration and decreased tuber specific gravity, but had little effect on tuber sugar concentrations or fry colour. Season-to-season variations in total tuber yield responses to N fertilization rate were attributed primarily to variation in soil N supply. Timing of N application had little effect on tuber yield, size distribution or processing quality under adequate soil moisture conditions. However, under dry soil conditions, split N application reduced tuber yield and tuber size. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, tuber specific gravity, tuber nitrate concentration, fry colour

Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Cambouris ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
M. R. Laverdière
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution

This study evaluated the effect of rate and timing of N fertilizer application on tuber yield, tuber size distribution and tuber specific gravity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in two sites in a commercial field in 1999–2001. One trial was established at each of the two sites chosen to represent two management zones (MZ) previously delineated by soil electrical conductivity, and differing in soil water availability, as controlled by depth to a clayey substratum. Each trial had 21 treatments including five rates of ammonium nitrate (0–200 kg N ha-1 in 1999; 0–240 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001), each applied according to five application timings (100, 75, 50, 25 or 0% of N applied at planting with the remainder applied at hilling). Increasing N rate increased total and marketable tuber yields in both sites. The N rates required to optimize economic return ranged from 167 to 239 kg ha-1 among years and between sites. Nitrogen fertilizer applied all at planting or all at hilling decreased tuber yields in both sites compared with split N application. The percentage of N rate applied at planting to achieve the maximum marketable tuber yield varied among years from 34 to 61% and allowed a yield increase of 2 to 20%. The proportion of large tubers was higher in the site with a greater depth to the clayey substratum (DMZ site) than in the site with a shallower depth to the clayey substratum (SMZ site). Tuber yield and tuber N uptake were higher in the SMZ site than in the DMZ site when no fertilizer N was applied, and tuber yield was more responsive to fertilizer N rate in the DMZ site than in the SMZ site in one year; however, these differences are not sufficient to justify different fertilizer N management for the two sites. The two sites frequently differed in terms of tuber yield, tuber size and specific gravity, which are important parameters in determining tuber processing quality but the optimal N rate and N timing were similar. These differences may be sufficiently large to justify different potato management practices (e.g., nutrient management, seedpiece spacing) to optimize potato production for the chip processing market. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, marketable yield, tuber size distribution, specific gravity, N economic optimum

scholarly journals TEXAS POTATO GROWERS OPTIMIZE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 273G-273
Author(s):  
Roland E. Roberts ◽  
Michael G. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity

Texas processing potato growers want high tuber yield and soluble solids with optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization to avoid leaching N into underground water. A 3-year on-farm study demonstrated petiole and soil testing methods for N enabling growers to apply N at rates and times for maximum yield with acceptable specific gravity. For example, a FL-1553 crop received 160 N kg/ha in irrigation water spread over 126-day season. Sampling every 2 weeks from early vegetative stage to harvest showed petiole N of 22,000 ppm on day 40; 6,000 ppm on day 54; 3,000 ppm on day 68; 7,000 ppm on day 96; and 2,000 ppm by day 110. At harvest total tuber N = 1.12%; tuber specific gravity = 1.081 (17.1 % FritoLay solids); and processor acceptable yield = 304 q/ha. The crop removed nearly all applied N.

scholarly journals Effect of Differential Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Subsequent Recovery of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen by Mature Almond Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 755F-755
Author(s):  
Steven A. Weinbaum ◽  
Wesley P. Asai ◽  
David A. Goldhamer ◽  
Franz J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
Tom T. Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Legitimate Concern ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N

There is legitimate concern that excessive fertilizer nitrogen (N) application rates adversely affect groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley of California. A 5-year study was conducted to assess the interrelationships between N fertilization rates, tree productivity, leaf [N], soil [NO–3], tree recovery of isotopically labeled fertilizer N, and NO–3 leaching. High N trees recovered <50% as much labeled fertilizer N in the crop as did trees previously receiving low to moderate fertilizer application rates. Our data suggest that the dilution of labeled N in the soil by high residual levels of NO–3 in the soil had a greater effect than tree N status (as expressed by leaf N concentration) on the relative recovery of fertilizer N.

The effect of stubble management and N-fertilization practices on the nitrogen economy under intensive rice cropping

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Bacon ◽  
LG Lewin ◽  
JW McGarity ◽  
EH Hoult ◽  
D Alter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N

The fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to rice (Oryza sativa L) was studied in microplots established within two field experiments comprising a range of stubble levels, stubble management techniques, N application rates and times. The first experiment investigated uptake of soil and fertilizer N in plots where application of 0 or 100 kg N ha-1 to the previous rice crop had produced 11.5 and 16.1 t ha-1 of stubble respectively. The stubble was then treated in one of four ways-burn (no till); burn then cultivated; incorporated in autumn or incorporated at sawing. Microplots within these large plots received 60 kg ha-1 of 5% 15N enriched urea at sowing, just prior to permanent flood (PF), or just after panicle initiation (PI) of the second crop. The second experiment was undertaken within a field in which half of the plots had stubble from the previous three rice crops burned, while the other plots had all stubble incorporated. In the fourth successive rice crop, the two stubble management systems were factorially combined with three N rates (0, 70 or 140 kg N ha-1) and three application times (PF, PI or a 50 : 50 split between PF and PI). Nitrogen uptake and retention in the soil were studied within 15N-labelled microplots established within each of these large plots. Only 4% of the 15N applied at sowing in the first experiment was recovered in the rice crop, while delaying N application to PF or PI increased this to an average of 20% and 44% respectively over the two experiments. The doubling of N application rate doubled fertilizer N uptake and also increased uptake of soil N at maturity by 12 kgN ha-1. Three years of stubble incorporation increased average uptake of fertilizer and soil N in the second experiment by 5 and 12 kg N ha-1 respectively. In both experiments, the soil was the major source of N, contributing 66-96% of total N uptake. On average, in the fourth crop, 20% of fertilizer N was in the grain, 12% in the straw and 3% in the roots, while 23% was located in the top 300 mm of soil. A further 3% was in the soil below 300 mm. The remaining 39% was lost, presumably by denitrification.

Competition between Potatoes (Solarium tuberosum) and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nelson ◽  
Myron C. Thoreson
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Solarium Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Annual Weeds

Mixtures of annual weeds emerging 1 week after and competing all season with potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL.) reduced tuber yields by an average of 54% compared to 16% in comparable treatments in which weeds emerged 3 weeks after potatoes. Weeds reduced tuber yields 19% 8 weeks after potatoes emerged and 25 to 45% 10 weeks after emergence. After full-season competition, for each additional 10% of the total dry biomass represented by weeds, there was a decrease of 12% in fresh tuber yield. This relationship was not valid if potatoes were harvested early, which reduced the deleterious effect of weeds on potato yields. Weed competition reduced both size and number of tubers, but had little effect on specific gravity of tubers. In some instances, the reduction in tuber size by weeds reduced the percentage of tubers that were marketable.

EFFECTS OF APPLIED NITROGEN ON YIELDS, TUBER SIZES, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF TWO POTATO CULTIVARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MUNRO ◽  
R. P. WHITE ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
N Application ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Sebago and Netted Gem) were grown at several locations on Prince Edward Island over a 5-yr period with rates of applied N from zero to 336 kg/ha. Significant yield responses to applied N occurred at all locations each year with each cultivar. At most locations, 112–134 kg N/ha was adequate for maximum yields. The response of the two cultivars to applied N was similar. Applied N up to 134 kg/ha increased the percentage yields of A-size tubers. Tuber specific gravity was affected by N application at only 8 of the 15 locations. Generally, excessive rates of applied N reduced specific gravity but rates sufficient for maximum yields were not deterimental.

The effect of in-row seed piece spacing and harvest date of the tuber yield and processing quality of Conestoga potatoes in southern Manitoba

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Rex
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Seed Piece ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Chip Color ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Large Tuber

Conestoga was registered in Canada in 1982. It has been readily accepted by chip producers and processors in Manitoba, although little information on the effect of commercial production practices on the yield and processing quality under Manitoba conditions is available. In this study, the effect of within-row seed piece spacing at three harvest dates on Conestoga potatoes for the early-season chip processing market was evaluated under rainfed conditions in southern Manitoba in 1982, 1983 and 1986. Treatments consisted of spacings of 22, 30, 38 and 46 cm between seed pieces within the row, with 1 m between row centers, harvested at 10-d intervals starting at 75 ± 5 d after planting (DAP) each year. As spacing between seed pieces increased, total, small and maingrade tuber yield and number, and specific gravity decreased. Large tuber yield and number increased. The number of mainstems per plant, the incidence of hollow heart and chip color were unaffected. Delaying harvest resulted in an increased yield of total and maingrade tubers, and higher specific gravity. The highest marketable yield (maingrade plus large tubers) resulted from the 22-cm in-row spacing. The total number of tubers harvested and the number of maingrade tubers increased between 75 and 85 DAP, but did not increase substantially after 85 DAP. Chip color and the incidence of hollow heart were not significantly affected by harvest date. Key words: Potato, population, spacing, harvest date, hollow heart, chip color

Interaction of Metribuzin and Phorate on ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Norchip’ Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Vince F. Lawson ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Size Tuber ◽  
Chipping Potatoes ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity

The effects of metribuzin herbicide and phorate insecticide were studied on summer harvest chipping-potatoes at Muscatine, IA, from 1989 to 1991. Phorate at 1.5 kg/ha increased total and ‘A’-size tuber yield and tuber specific gravity. Metribuzin applied at 0.56 kg/ha postemergence decreased total and ‘A’-size tuber yield. Metribuzin applied at 0.56 kg/ha preemergence and 0.28 kg/ha postemergence did not reduce Atlantic cultivar yield. Metribuzin did not affect ‘B’-size tuber yield or specific gravity. Phorate in combination with metribuzin did not increase plant injury or reduce tuber yield.

scholarly journals Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) response to fertilizer nitrogen and compost.

1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-103
Author(s):  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Elvin Román-Paoli ◽  
Luis E. Rivera ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Optimum N Rate

The effects of municipal biosolid yard-waste compost and fertilizer N applications on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth, yield and fruit quality were evaluated in Lajas (Typic Haplusterts) and Juana Díaz (Cumulic Haplustolls) (Fortuna Substation), Puerto Rico, for three years. In Fortuna, an initial application of compost at 50 t/ha significantly improved yields over those in unamended soil, yet a second application of compost the following year at 50 and 100 t/ha, reduced yields. No residual effect of compost on tomato yields was detected the third year. In Fortuna, levels of N fertilization did not significantly affect tomato yields, growth or quality, except in the third year, when tomato yields were significantly higher in soils fertilized with 75 kg N/ha than yields from unfertilized soil. At Lajas, there was a significant crop response to fertilizer N in one of the two site years, when crop response to initial fertilizer N application was evaluated. Compost addition in Lajas did not improve yields or plant agronomic components for the first year of cropping tomato. The use of the SPAD chlorophyll meter may be a useful N diagnostic tool for tomato grown under drip irrigation and polyethylene mulch. In general, maximum SPAD values coincided with maximum yields, depending on the hybrid or variety planted; treatment effects were adequately separated out. The economic optimum N rate was relatively insensitive to fertilizer and tomato price fluctuations in the range selected. The calculated optimum N rate to achieve 99% yield goals was 143 kg N/ha, at sites with initial N application in Lajas, and 165 kg N/ha, respectively, for second and third applications of N in Fortuna, with maximum yields near 54 t/ha.

scholarly journals Tuber yield and processing quality response of French fried potatoes to nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Ziquan Wang ◽  
Guanghui Jin ◽  
Guizhi Zhang ◽  
Chunyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Fried Potatoes

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an important factor that influences potato production; appropriate N fertilizer management can optimize tuber yield and quality and thus reduce the risk of environmental N losses. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kg ha−1) on the total tuber yield, marketable yield, dry matter content, reducing sugar content, sucrose content of tuber, and fry color index of two potato cultivars (Kennebec and Shepody) in 2016 and 2017. N supply significantly affected tuber yield and processing quality, but these effects depended on the year and/or cultivar. The results indicated that low (75 kg ha−1) and medium-N application rates (150 or 225 kg ha−1) had a positive effect on tuber yield and processing quality; however, high-N application rates (300 and 375 kg ha−1) resulted in lower yield and poor quality. Total and marketable yields responded quadratically to N, and they were optimized at 150 kg ha −1 for Kennebec and 225 kg ha−1 for Shepody in both the years. The processing quality of tubers also responded quadratically with increasing N application rates. The optimal range of N application was approximately 145–185.83 kg ha−1 for Kennebec and approximately 93.44–288.67 kg ha−1 for Shepody according to the processing quality standards of French fried potatoes in China. To achieve the goals of high yield and high quality, N application rates should be 150 kg ha−1for Kennebec and 225 kg ha−1 for Shepody.

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