scholarly journals Fructan accumulation in wheat stems during kernel filling under varying nitrogen fertilization

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shiomi ◽  
N. Benkeblia ◽  
S. Onodera ◽  
T. Yoshihira ◽  
S. Kosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

The authors studied the accumulation of saccharides (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and fructans (1-ketsose, 6-kestose, oligofructosaccharides and polyfructosaccharides) in three different internodes of wheat stems receiving varying nitrogen supply at different stages of growth. Four levels of nitrogen supply, N1 (0, 0 and 100 kg ha-1), N2 (40, 0 and 0 kg ha-1), N3 (40, 120 and 0 kg ha-1) and N4 (40, 60 and 0 kg ha-1, standard fertilization in Hokkaido), were applied before sowing, at the six leaf stage and at the flag leaf stage, respectively. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, 1-kestose, 6-kestose, oligofructosaccharides and polyfructosaccharides were assessed in internodes 1 (upper part), internodes 2 (middle part) and internodes 3 (lower part) of the stems during early milky, middle milky and dough ripe stages. During the dough ripe stage, glucose content decreased in N1 and N2 stems, increased in N3 stems, and varied slightly in N4 stems. Fructose content was lower during the early milky stage and increased significantly during the middle milky and dough ripe stages. Sucrose content of N1 and N2 stems increased significantly during dough ripe stage, while these of N3 and N4 stems did not vary significantly. The levels of 1-kestose and 6-kestose in N1 stems were high compared with N2, N3 and N4 stems. However, their contents decreased during the dough ripe stage for 6-kestose. Oligosaccharides have shown similar variation by decreasing during the dough ripe stage, while polysaccharides decreased in N1 and N2 stems, but varied weakly in N3 and N4 stems. Total fructooligosaccharides (FOS) decreased during the dough ripe stage, particularly in internodes 1, while total FOS of internodes 3 remained quite stable. Comparatively, internodes 1 showed the lowest content compared with internodes 2 and 3. The results showed that fructans accumulated early, while a decreasing gradient was often observed from the bottom to the top of the stems. Results also showed that under N1 nitrogen fertilization rate, wheat plants accumulated high contents of fructans, and this fertilization rate could be applied in the Hokkaido region. Key words: Nitrogen, fertilization, stems, fructans, accumulation, Triticum aestivum

Effect of levels of irrigation and nitrogen on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake in barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARUN KUMAR ◽  
SHASHANK TYAGI ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR DUBEY ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season at research farm of CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P. with the objective to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake by barley. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with treatments, comprising four levels of irrigation viz., I1= no irrigation, I2= one irrigation at tillering stage, I3= one irrigation at flag leaf stage and I4= two irrigations each at tillering and flag leaf stage in main plots and four nitrogen levels viz., N1= Control, N2= 30 kg ha-1, N3= 60 kg ha-1 and N4= 90 kg ha-1 in sub-plots. Results revealed that application of two irrigations first at tillering and second at flag leaf stage along with 90 kg nitrogen per hectare gives highest grain yield, straw yield, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake by grain, straw and protein content as compared to other irrigations (no irrigation, one irrigation at tillering stage, one irrigation at flag leaf stage) and nitrogen treatments (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1).

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
John Seale ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Herbicide Drift

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate, Stockpiling Initiation Date, and Harvest Date on Canopy Height and Dry Matter Yield of Autumn-Stockpiled Bermudagrass

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Scarbrough ◽  
W. K. Coblentz ◽  
K. P. Coffey ◽  
K. F. Harrison ◽  
T. F. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

Sorghum-Legume Intercropping and the Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization. I. Yield and Nitrogen Uptake by Crops

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Waghmaref ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Total System ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Four Levels

SUMMARYSix intercropping systems and four levels of nitrogen were compared at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, in the summer rainy seasons (July-October) of 1978 and 1979. The maximum increase in sorghum yield was obtained when it was associated with fodder cowpea, followed by association with grain cowpea and greengram. The application of 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1 increased sorghum yield by 8.6, 16.1 and 18.2% in 1978 and by 2.9, 8.1 and 14.1% in 1979, respectively, compared with unfertilized sorghum. The nitrogen uptake by sorghum, and by the total system, was greater in sorghum-legume intercropping systems than in sole sorghum. Nitrogen application also increased the nitrogen uptake by sorghum and by the whole system.

Responses of the Norwegian alpine Betula nana community to nitrogen fertilization

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaanus Paal ◽  
Eli Fremstad ◽  
Tõnu Möls
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
South Central ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
Annual Deposition

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on species cover, increment of shrubs, tissue nitrogen, and soil parameters was tested during a 3-year experiment in a low alpine plant community dominated by Betula nana in the Dovre mountains, south-central Norway. The doses used were 1.2 and 6.1 g N/m2, corresponding to 0.72 and 3.6 times, respectively, the annual deposition of nitrogen in southwest Norway. Statistical analysis using SAS ANOVA and GLM procedures were applied to different types of models. The cover of species and growth forms showed no significant response to additional nitrogen supply. The increment of shrubs was not significantly affected by the fertilization, except for the year factor. Incorporation of nitrogen into plant tissue was not evident. No effects were found on soil parameters. Key words: fertilization, alpine tundra, shrubs, nitrogen.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Flowering Dogwood. I. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on the Occurrence of Spot Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, and Cercospora Leaf Spot and Their Effect on Tree Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
A.K. Hagan ◽  
J.R. Akridge ◽  
K.L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
N Rates

Abstract Impact of nitrogen (N) rate on spot anthracnose, powdery mildew, and Cercospora leaf spot as well as their impact on the growth of field-grown ‘Cloud 9’ and ‘Cherokee Chief’ flowering dogwood was assessed in 2003, 2004, and 2005. From 2001 to 2005, ammonium nitrate was applied at 4.1, 8.3, 16.5, 33.0 and 66.0 g N·m−2 (37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600 lb N·A−1). Heritage 50W fungicide was applied to one ‘Cherokee Chief’ and ‘Cloud 9’ flowering dogwood in each plot, while the second was untreated. Powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot were impacted by N rate more than spot anthracnose. In two of three years, powdery mildew intensified, particularly on the non-treated trees, as N rates increased. Cercospora leaf spot intensity (AUDPCI) and defoliation (AUDPCD) on the fungicide-treated and non-treated trees was influenced by N-rate in two of three and one of three years, respectively. Regardless of fungicide treatment, Cercospora leaf spot incited leaf spotting and defoliation was often lower at the two highest than the two lowest N rates. A reduction in the bract and leaf spot phases of spot anthracnose at the highest N rate was noted in 2004. While spot anthracnose was negatively correlated with trunk diameter in all three years and tree height in 2003 and 2004, Cercospora leaf spot intensity and defoliation were negatively correlated with tree height and trunk diameter in all three and two of three years, respectively. Powdery mildew had no impact on tree height or trunk diameter. Heritage 50W not only controlled spot anthracnose and powdery mildew but also slowed Cercospora leaf spot development sufficiently to enhance leaf retention and fall color.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Boron Application on Carica papaya L. I. Growth and Yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Agripino Pérez-López ◽  
Rubén D. Reyes-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was carried on a Coto clay (an Oxisol). The effect of four levels of N (0, 57, 170 and 340 kg/ha) and four levels of B (0, 2.3, 4.5, 6.8 kg/ha) were determined using the P.R. 7-65 papaya variety. Treatments were initiated when the transplanted seedlings were three months old, and were repeated every six weeks. The information recorded showed the following results: Increments of N and B levels did not show a marked effect on plant height and stem diameter. Boron tended to be more effective than N in increasing stem height and diameter. The petiole fresh and dry weights increased linearly as the N and B levels were raised. The number and weight of fruits borne on female and hermaphroditic trees increased linearly as the N and 8 levels were raised. The results of the experiment showed that the papaya plant requires a high N and B fertilization rate.

Study of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on Fennel Cultivars for Essential Oil Yield and Composition

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschalina S. Chatzopoulou ◽  
Theodoros V. Koutsos ◽  
Stavros T. Katsiotis
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Nitrogen effect on the growth and yield contributing characters of Binadhan-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
M. B. Akter ◽  
N. Nahar ◽  
M. S. Rana ◽  
M. N. Hasan ◽  
M. B. Rayhan
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Effect ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

The experiment was conducted at the BINA sub-station, Rahmatpur, Barishal, during the period from April 2020 to August 2020 to investigate the effect of nitrogen on the yield of transplant Aus rice cv. Binadhan-19. The experiment comprised four levels of nitrogen viz (a) N0 (zero nitrogen), (b) N1 (90 kg N/ha), (c) N2 (110 kg N/ha) and (d) N3 (130 kg N/ha). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, effective tiller, non-effective tiller, flag leaf length, filled gran, unfilled grain and 1000 grain weight were increased with increasing nitrogen doses till 110 kg N ha-1. Furthermore, the highest grain weight was recorded in 110 kg N ha-1 due to superior performance of yield contributing characters of BInadhan-19. A positive correlation was found between grain yield and total dry matter production. The experimental results concluded that 110 kg N ha-1 would be the best dose for higher gain yield in Binadhan-19 in aus season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document