Potassium management for carrots in Prince Edward Island

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Sanderson ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Parallel Line ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Muriate Of Potash ◽  
K Response ◽  
Podzol Soils

Nine field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to determine the response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to soilapplied K on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. Mid-season soil K levels ranged from 34 to 103 µg g-1, and sites were classified as L– (very low), L (low) and M (medium) (Mehlich 3 extractable) according to the PEI Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory. Cultivars used were Imperator-type and the crops were managed to conform to local growing practices. Treatments consisted of preplant broadcast applied muriate of potash (KCl) at 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 kg K ha-1. When no K was applied, total carrot yields on the L–, L and M soil K ratings were 70, 90 and 98% of the maximum yield, respectively. To achieve 95% of the maximum yield, 150, 75 and 0 kg K ha-1 were required on the L–, L and M soils, respectively. Increasing rates of applied K linearly increased the K content of carrot petioles and soil samples taken at harvest. Potassium content in the carrot roots increased linearly with the rate of applied K, but parallel line analyses indicated that separate K response lines were required for each K soil test rating. Rates of 300, 150 and 75 kg K ha-1 were required to increase root K content to above the published standard of 27 mg g-1 (DM basis) on the L–, L, and M soil K sites, respectively. Key words: Carrot, potassium, soil K rating, nutrient content, yield

scholarly journals Nutrient Management Effects on Wine Grape Tissue Nutrient Content

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
John L. Havlin ◽  
Robert Austin ◽  
David Hardy ◽  
Adam Howard ◽  
Josh L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Management

With limited research supporting local nutrient management decisions in North Carolina grape (Vitis vinifera) production, field studies (2015–17) were conducted to evaluate late season foliar nitrogen (N) application on leaf and petiole N concentration and yeast assimilable N (YAN) in the fruit. Foliar urea (1% v/v) was applied at different rates and application times beginning pre-and post-veraison. Compared to soil applied N, late season foliar N substantially enhanced petiole N and grape YAN. Smaller split N applications were generally more effective in increasing YAN than single larger N rates. These data demonstrate the value of assessing plant N content at full bloom with petiole N analysis or remote sensing to guide foliar N management decisions. Additional field studies (2008–11) were conducted to evaluate pre-bud soil applied phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) effects on petiole P and K nutrient status. Fertilizer P and K were initially broadcast applied (0–896 kg P2O5 ha−1; 0–672 kg K2O ha−1) prior to bud-break in 2008–09 and petiole P and K at full bloom soil test P and K were monitored for three to four years after application. Soil test and petiole P and K were significantly increased with increasing P and K rates, which subsequently declined to near unfertilized levels over the sampling time depending on site and P and K rate applied. These data demonstrate the value of annually monitoring petiole P and K levels to accurately assess plant P and K status to better inform nutrient management decisions.

Prince Edward Island growers can reduce soil phosphorus buildup while maintaining carrot crop yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1401-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Sanderson ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
P Fertilizer

Producers seek to manage the application of nutrients in a manner that maximizes economic crop returns; however, emphasis must now include sensitivity to environmental issues such as increasing soil phosphorus. To address this issue in carrot (Daucus carota L.) production, we studied the effect of soil-applied P fertilizers on yield and soil P content in Prince Edward Island. Six field studies over a 3-yr period evaluated the yield response of carrot on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils. Treatments consisted of pre-plant broadcast applied P at 0, 33, 66, 99 or 132 kg ha-1 on sites where residual P levels ranged from 81 to 162 µg P g-1. When the total yield response of carrots to increasing P levels was fitted to a quadratic response curve, 110 kg P ha-1 was required to achieve maximum yield, but an application of as little as 22 kg P ha-1 resulted in 95% of maximum marketable yield. This reduced application rate resulted in a saving of 88 kg P ha-1 and slowed the buildup of soil P levels. Therefore, by applying more conservative amounts of P fertilizer carrot growers can maintain excellent crop yield while reducing the potential for environmental damage caused by the buildup of soil P. Key words: Orthic Podzol soil P, tissue P, fertilizer P, maximum yield, Daucus carota L.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFESTATION AND INJURY OF RUTABAGAS BY ROOT MAGGOTS (DIPTERA:ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. I. FIELD STUDIES

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Root Maggot

Examinations of more than 100 rutabaga fields per year, from 1951 to 1955, showed that Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) was the only species of root maggot that injured rutabagas in Prince Edward Island. H. liturata (Mg.) (= H. trichodactyla (Rond.)), H. cilicrura (Rond.), and Muscina stabulans (Fall.) were associated with H. brassicae but did not injure the roots. H. brassicae flies [note Whitcomb (12) for illustrations] began to emerge from overwintered puparia early in June in sandy soil areas and late in July in clay loam areas. Heavy texture and high moisture content of soils were closely correlated with the delay in emergence. The flies laid their eggs near rutabaga plants, usually in crevices in the soil, and upon hatching the larvae entered and fed on the roots. Larvae generally entered the roots at a depth of one inch or more below the surface of the soil. In general, early-planted rutabagas in sandy soil areas and late plantings in clay loam areas were severely damaged by larvae of H. brassicae, whereas late plantings in sandy areas and early plantings in clay loam areas were lightly infested. However, in the sandy soil areas where all of the rutabaga crops were harvested early in August damage was relatively light. Also, fields isolated by other rutabaga fields from sources of infestation such as storage bins and infested rutabaga crops, of either the current or the previous season, were usually slightly damaged. Use of barnyard manure increased H. brassicae infestations early in the season but did not significantly influence the damage caused during the whole growing season.

Effect of Decontamination Agents on the Microbial Population, Sensorial Quality, and Nutrient Content of Grated Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 5723-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vandekinderen ◽  
John Van Camp ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Kim Veramme ◽  
Quenten Denon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Sensorial Quality

Yield and phosphorus nutrition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. ‘Delaware’ grown on a yellow Karrakatta sand containing freshly- and previously-applied Alkaloam - gypsum

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
I. R. McPharlin ◽  
R. C. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Unamended Soil ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser

Summary. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. ‘Delaware’ were grown over winter on a yellow Karrakatta sand amended with Alkaloam–gypsum (AG; previously referred to as red mud–gypsum) at up to 240 t/ha, both freshly-applied (2 experiments) and applied 2.5 years earlier (1 experiment). Several levels of phosphorus fertiliser (0–600 kg P/ha) were applied to the freshly-applied AG and a single level (600 kg P/ha) was applied to the previously-applied AG. Amendment of the soil with 60 t AG/ha (freshly-applied) doubled the amount of fertiliser phosphorus retained in the top 30 cm of soil when 100 kg P/ha was applied. On freshly-applied AG, bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus showed an upward trend with level of AG, being 16 mg/kg (0–15 cm) at 0 t AG/ha and 34 mg/kg at 90 t AG/ha. This will decrease phosphorus fertiliser requirements in the following potato crop by 49% relative to unamended soil based on previously published soil test standards. Amendment with freshly-applied AG increased the level of applied phosphorus required for 99% of maximum petiole phosphorus concentration by 46 and 139% in the 2 experiments compared with unamended soil. Maximum yield was significantly reduced by 7–10% at 60 t/ha of freshly-applied AG compared with unamended soil while on residual AG it was only reduced at 240 t/ha (12%) (trend only). Yield reductions were not correlated with a reduced availability of phosphorus, however, they may have been due to a reduced availability of potassium. The concentrations in the tubers of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury and nickel did not exceed legal limits on soil amended with AG.

Iron status of crops in Prince Edward Island and effect of soil pH on plant iron concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Cereal Grain

Field studies were conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI) on the Fe nutrition of cereals and forages and to determine the relationship between plant Fe and soil pH. The Fe concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) boot stage tissue (BST) and grain ranged from 35 to 65 and from 19 to 42 mg kg−1, respectively, in the control and from 38 to 57 and from 22 to 45 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil applied Fe treatments. In the foliar applied Fe treatments, the cereal BST contained as much as 121 mg Fe kg−1 in the FeSO4.7H2O treatments and up to 86 mg kg−1 in the chelate-Fe treatment, but neither of these two sources increased Fe concentration in the grain. In the first cut of forages in the foliar treatments, the Fe was as high as 131 mg Fe kg−1, but no differences were generally found between the control and Fe treatments in the second cut. Over the soil pH ranges of 4.5–6.9, no consistency was found in the correlation coefficient (r) values between plant Fe and soil pH. In spite of the Fe concentrations as low as 19 mg kg−1 in cereal grain and 23 mg kg−1 in forages in the control treatments, no yield response to added Fe was found. However, the Fe concentrations as found in this study would be considered deficient for livestock and mineral supplements of Fe to the feeds may be desirable. Key words: Cereals, forages, soil pH, plant iron, acid soils

The Critical Period of Bengal Dayflower (Commelina Bengalensis) Control in Peanut

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
J. Timothy Flanders ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Timothy L. Grey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
The Relationship

Bengal dayflower (also known as tropical spiderwort) is one of the most troublesome weeds in peanut in Georgia, United States. Field studies conducted in 2004 and 2005 evaluated the relationship between the duration of Bengal dayflower interference and peanut yield in an effort to optimize the timing of weed control. In 2004, the critical period of weed control (CPWC) necessary to avoid greater than 5% peanut yield loss was between 316 and 607 growing degree days (GDD), which corresponded to an interval between June 8 and July 2. In 2005, the CPWC ranged from 185 to 547 GDD, an interval between May 30 and July 3. Maximum yield loss in 2005 from season-long interference of Bengal dayflower was 51%. In 2004, production of peanut pods was eliminated by interference with Bengal dayflower for the initial 6 wk (495 GDD) of the growing season. Robust Bengal dayflower growth in 2004 shaded the peanut crop, likely intercepting fungicide applications and causing a reduction in peanut yield. Therefore, the competitive effects of Bengal dayflower are likely complicated with the activity of plant pathogens. In spite of higher Bengal dayflower population densities, greater Bengal dayflower growth, and greater peanut yield losses in 2004 than in 2005, the CPWC was a relatively similar 4-wk period that ended during the first week of July, for peanut that was planted in the first week of May.

Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Growth, Seed Production, and Interference in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
C. Owen Gwathmey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
A Site

Field studies were conducted to examine both density and duration of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed interference in cotton. Two studies, one examining the effect of horseweed density and a second the duration of horseweed interference, were conducted on a site with a natural population of horseweed that were treated with glyphosate at 0.84 kg ae ha−1prior to planting and at the 2nd and 4th cotton node growth stages. GR horseweed density effect on cotton height, maturity, and lint yield was determined at horseweed densities of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 plants m−2. Duration of horseweed interference was evaluated when 20 horseweed m−2were allowed to interfere with cotton from emergence to 2nd node, 6th node, 10th node, 12th node, and 1st bloom stage of cotton. The maximum cotton lint yield loss (46%) occurred when horseweed was allowed to compete with cotton from emergence to maturity at the two highest densities (20 and 25 horseweed m−2). When the data were fit to the Cousens model the estimateda(maximum yield loss) andi(yield loss per unit density as density approaches zero) were 53 ± 7.3 and 2.8 ± 0.6 SE, respectively. In both years of the study, horseweed interference from emergence to the 2nd cotton node did not reduce cotton lint yields. In 2006, cotton lint yield loss was 28% compared to 39% in 2005 when horseweed interfered with cotton from emergence until the 6th cotton node. Cotton lint yield loss was 37 and 44% when horseweed competed to the 8th cotton node in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Maximum horseweed seed production was 134,000 to 148,000 seeds m−2.

REDUCTION OF SECONDARY TILLAGE IN MOULDBOARD-PLOUGHED SYSTEMS FOR SILAGE CORN AND SPRING CEREALS IN MEDIUM-TEXTURED SOILS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
R. P. WHITE ◽  
R. G. ANDREW
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Cereals

Minimum tillage for soils that require regular cultivation consists of reducing the degree of secondary tillage and number of passes over the field. This study was conducted to determine whether one-pass mouldboard-ploughed systems were suitable for production of silage corn (Zea mays L.) and spring cereals (Hordeum vulgare L., Triticum aestivum L.) on loam to sandy loam soils (Humo-Ferric Podzol and Gray Luvisol) in the perhumid soil climate of Prince Edward Island. The effects of reduction in secondary tillage were gauged by characterizing crop yield and nutrient content, soil properties and structure, and relative economics. Plant growth, crop yield, and nutrient content were similar in all the mouldboard-ploughed systems. Soil chemical properties were not affected by reduction in secondary tillage, but the one-pass plough system did result in a macro-aggregate distribution with a greater proportion of large soil aggregates (9.5–16 mm) and a slight reduction in soil strength over the 10- to 25-cm soil depth. Macroporosity and soil density in the top 8 cm of soil were similar between tillage systems. Reducing both the degree of secondary tillage and number of tillage operations decreased both estimated cultivation costs and time of tillage per hectare by 26 and 39%, respectively. One-pass mouldboard-ploughed systems appear suitable for annual crop production on medium-textured soils under the soil environment of Prince Edward Island. Key words: One-pass tillage, soil properties, crop growth

scholarly journals Observations of in situ Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) with 500-kHz multibeam sonar

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1975-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Multibeam Sonar ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna

Abstract Field studies to investigate the survey capability of a 500-kHz multibeam sonar to monitor and quantify Atlantic bluefin tuna were undertaken at several fishing locations (commercial and recreational) off Prince Edward Island and at a grow-out pen in Nova Scotia. The results demonstrate that individual bluefin can be detected, enumerated, and tracked acoustically within the swathe of the sonar. Bluefin were observed individually, and in groups ranging from 2 to 16 fish. Schooling tuna, assumed to be foraging, were observed moving in a soldier formation. Estimates of in situ swimming speeds (0.5–11.0 m s−1) were made by tracking individual fish within the swathe. The mean interspatial distance between fish when swimming in a group of two or more tuna was estimated to be 8.94 m with a range of 2.68–22.63 m. Groups of up to 48 bluefin were observed aggregating around active herring gillnet vessels. Dorsal aspect target strength estimates of bluefin, obtained from an accompanying 120-kHz echosounder (Simrad EK60), ranged from −33 to −14 dB for fish from 220 to 313 cm (size estimated from commercial catches). Sonar detection ranges were dependent upon sea state and water depth. In rough seas, the surface layer became too turbulent, and air bubble attenuation too high, to consistently separate reverberation from fish-like targets. In shallow water (20–30 m), a range setting of >50 m could not be utilized due to seabed reflections. In water depths >50–60 m, a tilt angle of 7.5o below the horizontal allowed the sonar's range of up to 150 m to be utilized with minimal reverberation from the surface and seabed. The results indicate there is potential for using a 500-kHz multibeam sonar in fishery-independent surveys to monitor and to quantify bluefin in shallow water (<100 m).

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