Prince Edward Island growers can reduce soil phosphorus buildup while maintaining carrot crop yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1401-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Sanderson ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
P Fertilizer

Producers seek to manage the application of nutrients in a manner that maximizes economic crop returns; however, emphasis must now include sensitivity to environmental issues such as increasing soil phosphorus. To address this issue in carrot (Daucus carota L.) production, we studied the effect of soil-applied P fertilizers on yield and soil P content in Prince Edward Island. Six field studies over a 3-yr period evaluated the yield response of carrot on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils. Treatments consisted of pre-plant broadcast applied P at 0, 33, 66, 99 or 132 kg ha-1 on sites where residual P levels ranged from 81 to 162 µg P g-1. When the total yield response of carrots to increasing P levels was fitted to a quadratic response curve, 110 kg P ha-1 was required to achieve maximum yield, but an application of as little as 22 kg P ha-1 resulted in 95% of maximum marketable yield. This reduced application rate resulted in a saving of 88 kg P ha-1 and slowed the buildup of soil P levels. Therefore, by applying more conservative amounts of P fertilizer carrot growers can maintain excellent crop yield while reducing the potential for environmental damage caused by the buildup of soil P. Key words: Orthic Podzol soil P, tissue P, fertilizer P, maximum yield, Daucus carota L.

Wild blueberry response to phosphorus applied to Prince Edward Island soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Sanderson ◽  
L. J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Wild Blueberry

Pressure on growers to protect the environment and reduce input costs has increased the need to more effectively use fertilizers. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of wild blueberries to soil-applied P on loamy sand to sandy loam Orthic Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island over three cropping cycles from 1992 to 1997. The sites had soil test (Mehlich-3) P levels from 33 to 44 µg P g-1, which are rated as L- for blueberries in the PEI Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory Standards. Treatments consisted of soil-applied P at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1 applied to the same plots in the sprout year in each of three consecutive cropping cycles. There was a positive linear relationship between application rate of P and extractable soil P and leaf tissue P concentration. Over the 6 yr of the study, soil extractable P increased on average 1.1 µg P g-1 for each kg of soil-applied P compared with the control where no soil P was applied. Increases in levels of tissue P concentration were less dramatic. Plant growth and yields were not affected by rate of soil-applied P fertilizer. This study indicates that on sites with low soil test P, application of soil-applied P did not benefit wild blueberry production. By conserving P fertilizer, growers can also reduce the potential for environmental damage caused by the buildup of soil P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil and leaf nutrient concentrations, wild blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., yield

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Soil phosphorus (P) buffer capacity is the change in the quantity of sorbed P required per unit change in solution P concentration. Because P availability to crops is mainly determined by solution P concentration, as P buffer capacity increases, so does the quantity of P required to maintain a solution P concentration that is adequate for crop demand. Bicarbonate-extractable P using the Colwell method is the most common soil P test used in Australia, and Colwell-P can be considered to estimate P quantity. Therefore, as P buffer capacity increases, the Colwell-P concentration required for maximum yield also increases. Data from several published and unpublished studies are used to derive relationships between the ‘critical’ Colwell-P value (Colwell-P at 90% maximum yield) and the single-point P buffer index (PBI) for annual medics, soybean, potato, wheat, and temperate pasture. The rate of increase in critical Colwell-P with increasing PBI increases in the order: temperate pasture < medics < wheat < potato. Indicative critical Colwell-P values are given for the 5 crops at each of the PBI categories used to describe soil P buffer capacity as it increases from extremely low to very high.

scholarly journals The Application of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes Biofertilizer to Increase Soil P and Yield of Maize on Ultisols Jatinangor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Betty Natalie Fitriatin ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Anny Yuniarti ◽  
Noor Istifadah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Ultisols has problems of low availability of nutrients, especially phosphorus. To improve soil phosphate and P fertilizer efficiency, it is necessary to develop biofertilizer such as phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) have the capability of dissolving soil phosphorus which have been adsorbed and can mineralize organic P to become inorganic P, hence increasing the avalibility of P in the soil. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas mallei and Pseudomonas cepacea) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp) were selected based on their ability to dissolve P. The experiment was conducted at Jatinangor, West Java Indonesia to study the application of PSM biofertilizer to increase soil P and yield of maize. Experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in factorial pattern, consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor consisted of PSM biofertilizer, which were; without PSM, 5 L ha-1 of PSM and 50 kg ha-1 of PSM.  The second factor was P fertilizer with five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dosage of recommendation). The results showed that the application of PSM biofertilizer increased soil phosphate and yield of maize on Ultisol Jatinangor.  The dosage of P inorganic fertilizers was reduced by 50%.Keywords: ultisol, maize, biofertillizer, phospate-solubilizing bacteria.

Potassium management for carrots in Prince Edward Island

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Sanderson ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Parallel Line ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Muriate Of Potash ◽  
K Response ◽  
Podzol Soils

Nine field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to determine the response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to soilapplied K on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. Mid-season soil K levels ranged from 34 to 103 µg g-1, and sites were classified as L– (very low), L (low) and M (medium) (Mehlich 3 extractable) according to the PEI Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory. Cultivars used were Imperator-type and the crops were managed to conform to local growing practices. Treatments consisted of preplant broadcast applied muriate of potash (KCl) at 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 kg K ha-1. When no K was applied, total carrot yields on the L–, L and M soil K ratings were 70, 90 and 98% of the maximum yield, respectively. To achieve 95% of the maximum yield, 150, 75 and 0 kg K ha-1 were required on the L–, L and M soils, respectively. Increasing rates of applied K linearly increased the K content of carrot petioles and soil samples taken at harvest. Potassium content in the carrot roots increased linearly with the rate of applied K, but parallel line analyses indicated that separate K response lines were required for each K soil test rating. Rates of 300, 150 and 75 kg K ha-1 were required to increase root K content to above the published standard of 27 mg g-1 (DM basis) on the L–, L, and M soil K sites, respectively. Key words: Carrot, potassium, soil K rating, nutrient content, yield

Mineral nutrition of soybeans grown in the South Burnett region of south eastern Queensland. 2. Prediction of grain yield response to phosphorus with soil tests

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Moody ◽  
GF Haydon ◽  
T Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
The South ◽  
Equilibrium Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Highly Correlated

Grain yield response of soybean (Glycine max cv. Bragg) to applied phosphorus was measured at 19 experimental sites in the South Burnett region. The soil phosphorus supply factors of quantity, intensity, buffer capacity and rate were estimated by various soil chemical tests, and relative yield [(yield at nil applied phosphorus/maximum yield) x 100] regressed against these tests. The equilibrium phosphorus concentration-the intensity measure-accounted for the greatest percentage variation in relative yield (80%) and at 90% maximum yield was 0.014 �g P/ml. Phosphorus extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 was highly correlated with the equilibrium phosphorus concentration (r2=0.93) and accounted for 73% of the variation in relative yield. Soil levels of calcium chloride-extractable phosphorus were interpreted as follows: < 0.044 �g P/g, response to phosphorus probable; 0.044 �g P/g to 0.058 �g P/g, response uncertain; > 0.058 �g P/g, response unlikely

scholarly journals Effect of Land Application of Phosphorus-Saturated Gypsum on Soil Phosphorus in a Laboratory Incubation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Grubb ◽  
Joshua M. McGrath ◽  
Chad J. Penn ◽  
Ray B. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Laboratory Incubation ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Ditches ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Filter Structures

Agricultural drainage ditches can deliver high loads of phosphorus (P) to surface water. Installation of filter structures containing P sorbing materials (PSMs), including gypsum, is an emerging practice that has shown promise to reduce these P loads. The objective of this study was to evaluate what effect soil amendment with gypsum would have on soil P concentrations and forms in a laboratory incubation experiment. Gypsum was saturated at two levels with P, and applied to a silt loam and a sandy loam at two rates. The treated soils were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C, and samples were collected on eight dates between 0 and 183 days after amendment. Spent gypsum application did not significantly increase soil water-extractable or Mehlich 3 P when applied at typical agronomic rates. This appears to be a viable strategy to remove P from agricultural drainage waters but does not appear to provide any additional P fertilizer value.

Effect of phosphorus fertiliser on the yield of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the prediction of tuber yield response by soil analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
KA Potocky-Pacay ◽  
JM Jacka ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Bray 1

Field experiments were conducted over 6 years at 33 sites throughout the main potato growing areas of South Australia to examine the effects of applied phosphorus (banded at planting), at rates up to 300 kg/ha, on the total yield and size distribution of tubers and to calibrate, in terms of total yield, 8 soil phosphorus extraction procedures (Colwell, Olsen, Bray 1, Bray 2, Mehlich no. 1, lactate, fluoride and total). Phosphorus application significantly (P< 0.05) increased total tuber yield at 16 sites. The mean relative yield for these responsive sites was 69.7% (range 37.4- 91.2%) compared with 97.5% (range 88.0-102.5%) for the non-responsive sites. Tuber size distributions were determined at 13 sites and, depending on site and cultivar, the yield of 80-450 g tubers for the highest yielding treatments represented from 64.2 to 93.7% of the total yield of tubers for those treatments. For each soil phosphorus extraction procedure the Mitscherlich and Smith-Dolby bent-hyperbola models and the Cate-Nelson separation were used to investigate the correlations between yield response and extractable and total phosphorus in the surface (0- 15 cm) soil samples and to calculate critical values. For loamy sand to sandy clay loam surface soils, the order of efficacy of soil tests based on the coefficients of determination (r2) calculated using the Mitscherlich and Smith-Dolby bent-hyperbola models was Bray 1 and Bray 2 > Olsen > lactate, Mehlich no. 1, fluoride and Colwell. The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.88 (Bray 1) to 0.64 (Colwell) for the Smith-Dolby bent-hyperbola model and from 0.86 (Bray 1) to 0.65 (fluoride) for the Mitscherlich model. Yield response was not correlated with total phosphorus concentration. Using the Smith-Dolby benthyperbola model the critical phosphorus values (s.e. in parentheses) were: 25.8(1.8), 40.9(2.6), l6.8(1.4), 13.9(1.0), 38.4(3.1), 24.2(2.9) and 35.1(3.0) mg/kg for the Bray 1, Bray 2, Olsen, lactate, fluoride, Mehlich no. 1 and Colwell methods, respectively. Yield deficits >20% were associated with phosphorus soil test values t 2 0 mg/kg (Bray 1 method) and P-sorption values >240 mg/kg. Rates of 48-73 kg P/ha banded at planting were required for 95% of maximum yield at the deficient sites. For acid coarse-grain sand surface soils, significant Cate-Nelson separations were obtained for the Colwell, Bray 1, Bray 2, Mehlich no. 1 and fluoride methods, the critical phosphorus values were 7.5, 7.0, 5.5, 6.5 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively. The order of efficacy of the soil tests was Bray 2 (r2 = 0.66) >Bray 1, Colwell, Mehlich no. 1 and fluoride (all r2 = 0.55). Yield deficits >10% were associated with soil test values t 6 mg/kg (Bray 1 method). Rates of 27-59 kg P/ha banded at planting were required for 95% of maximum yield at the deficient sites. Data are presented which suggest that for similar soil types and extraction procedures critical values or critical concentration ranges may apply across a range of growing conditions, planting times and cultivars.

scholarly journals Penentuan Metode Terbaik Uji Fosfor untuk Tanaman Tomat pada Tanah Inceptisols

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
L Izhar ◽  
A D Susila ◽  
B S Puswoko ◽  
A Sutandi ◽  
I W Mangku
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Extraction

ABSTRAK.  Fosfor merupakan salah satu hara penting tanah dan aplikasi hara tersebut pada konsentrasi yang sesuai sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tomat. Penelitian tentang studi analisis fosfor tanah dan aplikasi pupuk fosfor pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan dan Rumah Kaca di Cikabayan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2010. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan  metode  ekstraksi  fosfor tanah yang terbaik guna menentukan dosis pupuk fosfor pada budidaya tomat  pada tanah Inceptisols. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan pemberian pupuk fosfor pada beberapa tingkat dosis yaitu  0X, ¼ X, ½ X, ¾ X, dan 1X, di mana nilai X ialah 368,5 kg/ha P2O5 dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan pemupukan fosfor diterapkan pada 6 bulan sebelum penanaman tomat. Analisis korelasi dilakukan antara kandungan P tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman yang ditanam di dalam rumah kaca menggunakan media inkubasi berasal dari tanah yang diberi perlakuan dan dianalisis. Uji  fosfor  tanah menggunakan lima metode ekstraksi, yaitu metode Bray I (NH4F 0,03 N + HCl 0,025 N, nisbah 1:7); Bray II (NH4F 0,03 N + HCl 0,10 N ); Mehlich I (HCl 0,05 N + H2SO4 0,025 N); Morgan Wolf (NaC2H2H3O2.3H2O; pH 4,8); dan Truogh [HCl 0,10 N + (NH4)2SO4; pH 3]. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata antara pengaruh perlakuan pupuk P terhadap parameter  tinggi tanaman,  jumlah daun, dan diameter batang tomat. Bobot segar biomassa dan bobot kering tomat juga menunjukkan  perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antarperlakuan. Nilai korelasi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh metode pengekstrak Mehlich I melalui parameter bobot kering dan bobot basah relatif tanaman. Dengan demikian, metode uji P tanah yang menggunakan Mehlich I dapat digunakan sebagai metode ekstraksi yang paling tepat untuk menganalisis unsur hara fosfor dengan koefisien korelasi 0,88, sehingga metode Mehlich I dapat diusulkan sebagai rekomendasi pemupukan P pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols (nilai r = 0,89).  <br /><br />ABSTRACT. Izhar, L, Susila, AD, Purwoko, BS, Sutandi, A,  and  Mangku, IW. 2012. Determination of the Best Method of Soil P Test for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. L) on Inceptisols Soil. Phosphorus is one of important soil elements and application of the element in suitable concentration give high effect on tomato growth. A study on phosphorus analysis and its application for recommendation of soil fertilization of tomato cultivation on Inceptisols soil was conducted at the field and Greenhouse of Cikabayan, Bogor Agricultural University, from March to November 2010. The objective of this research was to obtain the best extraction method of soil-P test for determining phosphorus nutrient required for tomato cultivation on Inceptisol soil. Rate of phosphorus of 0X, ¼ X, ½ X, ¾ X, and 1X, where X was 368.5 kg/ha P2O5 with four replications, was applied in the study. The treatments were applied 6 months before planting date. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design. Analysis of correlation between soil-P and plant growth based on data collected from the plants grown in the greenhouse using incubation media in treated-soil was  analyzed. Soil-P test was carried out by using five extraction methods i.e. Bray I (HCl 0,025 N + NH4F 0.03), Bray II (NH4F 0.03 N + HCl 0.10 N), Mehlich I (HCl 0.05 N + H2SO4 0.025 N), Morgan Wolf (NaC2H2H3O2.3H2O; pH 4.8), and Truogh [HCl 0.10 N + (NH4)2SO4; pH 3]. The results showed that there were significant differences among the treatments of P fertilizer on the variables of plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter of tomato. Biomass fresh and dry weight of tomato also showed significantly different between the treatments applied. The highest correlation was shown on Mehlich I extraction reagent between plant dry and fresh weight. It means that, this P-nutrient extraction method was the most appropriate in determining phosphorus nutrient for tomatoes on Inceptisols soil with a coefficient correlation of 0.88. Mehlich I can also be used to develop a comprehensive phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for tomato cultivation on Inceptisols soil (r value = 0.89).<br /><br />

scholarly journals Tomato Responses to Preplant-incorporated or Fertigated Phosphorus on Soils Varying in Mehlich-1 Extractable Phosphorus

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Alves Carrijo ◽  
George Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Very High

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to P, either preplant-incorporated or injected through the drip irrigation system, on soils with low, high, or very high soil P content. Fertilization through the drip irrigation system (fertigation) was more efficient than preplant incorporation of P for soil that tested low in P (9 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P). On soil testing low in P, marketable yield response to preplant soil P application rates (0 to 100 kg·ha–1) was maximum at 61 kg·ha–1 P according to the linear-plateau model, but 37 kg·ha–1 P according to the quadratic-plateau model. The lower value is about one-half the P recommended by Univ. of Florida for low-P soils. On soil testing high in P (48 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P) the linear-plateau model predicted a maximum yield of 72.8 t·ha–1 with 25 kg·ha–1 P. The Univ. of Florida recommended no P for that soil. On soil testing very high in P (85 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P), there was no yield improvement with P fertilization.

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