N credit of soybean to a following corn crop in central Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Ding ◽  
D. J. Hume ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Grain

Field studies were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) when soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) preceded corn (Zea mays L.) in the rotation (S-C), compared to corn preceding corn (C-C). Large, replicated blocks of soybean and corn were established in 1993 and 1994 near Elora, Ontario. In the following year, each large block was subdivided into smaller plots. Fertilizer N was applied at six rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 to the second-year corn crop. Corn grain yield responses to fertilizer N were fitted by quadratic regression. Maximum economic rate of N was calculated for each crop sequence and NFRV's were determined. Corn yields were consistently higher when grown after soybean (S-C) than after corn (C-C). Maximum corn yields were 10.4 and 12.3 Mg ha−1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. NFRVs for S-C, compared to C-C, were 41 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the two years. As a result of these studies and numerous other experiments, recommended fertilizer N rates have been changed to 30 kg N ha−1 less for S-C than for C-C in central Ontario. Key words: Nitrogen credit, corn, soybean, fertilizer N, replacement value, crop rotation

EFFECTS OF INOCULATION AND FERTILIZER N LEVELS ON N2 FIXATION AND YIELDS OF SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST SEMU ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nodule Efficiency

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) often do not give yield responses to added fertilizer nitrogen (N) because high soil N levels inhibit fixation of atmospheric N2. Yield responses to N fertilizer applied at planting usually indicate that N2 fixation is less than optimal. The effects of inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum, and fertilizer N levels, on soybean N2(C2H2) fixation and seed yields in Ontario were investigated in ’ 1976 and 1977. Three locations were used each year, representing areas where soybeans had been grown for many years (Ridgetown), for only a few years (Elora), or not at all (Woodstock). Treatments were (a) Uninoculated + 0 N, (b–e) Inoculated + 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N/ha. Results indicated that inoculation increased seed yields only when soybeans were introduced into new areas. Fertilizer N applications at planting time did not increase yields in areas where soybeans had been grown several times previously, indicating that N2 fixation could support maximum yields. Nodule number and mass, and N2(C2H2) fixation rates were all decreased by fertilizer N. An increase in nodule efficiency, later in the season, in high N treatments was most marked at Ridgetown.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer residues on the response of irrigated bromegrass to fertilizer nitrogen

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
A. J. Leyshon ◽  
C. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
N Rates

Two nitrogen (N) fertilizer response trials were superimposed, in 2 consecutive years, on a set of large plots of irrigated bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) that had been fertilized with different rates of fertilizer N up to 200 kg ha−1 for the previous 9 and 10 yr, respectively. During those years, forage dry matter responded in direct proportion to fertilizer N rate. In the subsequent two trials we determined the residual effects of the prior fertilizer treatments on the response of bromegrass to new applications of N fertilizer, and the N rate required to achieve maximum yields. The yield response of the bromegrass to the applied N was a function of prior fertilizer history and the moisture conditions. In the first trial, under good moisture conditions, the previously unfertilized plots had maximum yields at a N rate of 382 kg N ha−1; yields declined at higher rates. Responses of previously fertilized plots to additional N were linear. The y-intercepts (where no N was applied) were higher for plots that had been fertilized at higher N rates in the initial 9-yr study while the slopes of the yield responses were less steep. In contrast, in the second trial, conducted in a year when irrigation water was restricted, all forage yield responses to N fertilizer were curvilinear, Y-intercepts were again higher on plots that had been fertilized at higher N rates in previous years. In this case, however, the slopes of the N responses became progressively steeper with increasing N rate while increasingly larger quadratic coefficients resulted in maximum yields being attained at progressively lower N rates. Nevertheless, maximum yields were higher than those of the previously unfertilized plots. Changes in the response curves were attributed to alterations in the soil organic N and to a lesser extent, to changes in the capability of the bromegrass to respond to fertilizer N. Soil tests found no carry-over of fertilizer N as residual inorganic N but the initial potential rate of mineralization (N0k) reflected changes in the quality of soil organic matter influencing the response to N fertilizer applications. The results suggest the need for soil testing laboratories to take into account the prior fertilizer history of the grass stand when developing recommended N fertilizer rates for irrigated bromegrass. Key words: Bromegrass, N fertilization, residual N, mineralizable N

Suppression of Annual Ryegrass in Corn with Nicosulfuron

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taïga B. Cholette ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Corn Grain

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine the possible rate and timing of nicosulfuron to suppress annual ryegrass (ARG) seeded as a cover crop at the time of corn planting without affecting corn performance near Ridgetown, ON, Canada, in 2016 and 2017. Nicosulfuron was applied at rates from 0.8 to 50 g ai ha–1when the ARG was at the two- to three- or four- to five-leaf stages, or approximately 3 or 4 wk after emergence of both corn and ARG. There were no differences between the two application timings in grain yield responses or ARG suppression. As the rate of nicosulfuron increased from 0.8 to 50 g ai ha–1, ARG was suppressed 6% to 76% and 5% to 96%, at 1 and 4 wk after application (WAA), respectively. At 4 WAA, ARG biomass decreased from 29 to 1 g m–2as the rate of nicosulfuron increased from 0.8 to 50 g ai ha–1, compared to 36 g m–2in the untreated control. Where nicosulfuron was not applied to ARG, grain corn yield was reduced by 6% compared to the ARG-free control; similar effects on corn yield were observed with nicosulfuron at the lowest rate applied at 0.8 g ai ha–1. Grain corn yield was reduced by 2.5% with the application of nicosulfuron at 25 g ai ha–1(label rate for corn) compared to no ARG control, but this was not statistically significant. This study identified rates of nicosulfuron that suppressed ARG when emerged approximately the same day as corn, but there was evidence that grain corn yields were lowered because of interference, possibly during the critical weed control period. Based on this study, an ARG cover crop should not be seeded at the same time as corn unless one is willing to accept a risk for corn grain yield losses for the sake of the cover crop.

scholarly journals Interactions of Nitrogen Source and Rate and Weed Removal Timing Relative to Nitrogen Content in Corn and Weeds and Corn Grain Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Knight ◽  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Ronnie W. Heiniger ◽  
T. Jot Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Adequate fertility combined with effective weed management is important in maximizing corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Corn uptake of nitrogen (N) is dependent upon many factors including weed species and density and the rate and formulation of applied N fertilizer. Understanding interactions among corn, applied N, and weeds is important in developing management strategies. Field studies were conducted in North Carolina to compare corn and weed responses to urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and composted poultry litter (CPL) when a mixture of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) was removed with herbicides at heights of 8 or 16 cm. These respective removal timings corresponded with 22 and 28 days after corn planting or V2 and V3 stages of growth, respectively. Differences in N content in above-ground biomass of corn were noted early in the season due to weed interference but did not translate into differences in corn grain yield. Interactions of N source and N rate were noted for corn grain yield but these factors did not interact with timing of weed control. These results underscore that timely implementation of control tactics regardless of N fertility management is important to protect corn grain yield.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

Application Timing for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Dicamba Tank Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Thomas L. Rabaey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Optimal application timing for dicamba–acetamide tank mixes was examined in field studies conducted in Michigan and Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995. Dicamba was tank mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, or SAN 582H and applied at planting, 7 d after planting, and 14 d after planting. Additional dicamba plus alachlor tank mixes applied at all three timings were followed by nicosulfuron postemergence to determine the effects of noncontrolled grass weeds on corn yield. Delaying application of dicamba–acetamide tank mixes until 14 d after planting often resulted in lower and less consistent giant foxtail control compared with applications at planting or 7 d after planting. Corn grain yield was reduced at one site where giant foxtail control was lower when application was delayed until 14 d after planting. Common lambsquarters control was excellent with 7 or 14 d after planting applications. At one site, common lambsquarters control and corn yield was reduced by application at planting. Dicamba–alachlor tank mixes applied 7 d after planting provided similar weed control or corn yield, while at planting and 14 d after planting applications provided less consistent weed control or corn yield than a sequential alachlor plus dicamba treatment or an atrazine-based program.

Response of Concord Grapes (Vitis labrusca) to 2,4-D in Irrigation Water

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Comes ◽  
Louis Y. Marquis ◽  
Allen D. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

In field studies 0.1 ppmw ae or less 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied by sprinklers in 5.1 cm of water over 8 h did not affect the number or dry weight of leaves or length of canes of 1-yr-old Concord grape plants (Vitis labruscaL.). A second application at 0.01 ppmw or higher to the same plants 1 yr later reduced growth of leaves, canes, and trunk. Combined effects of root pruning (required to position plants for treatment the second year) and 2,4-D probably account for this apparent anomaly. When 2,4-D was applied annually at 1.0 ppmw or less to established plants for three consecutive years, growth, yield, and fruit quality were not affected. No residues of 2,4-D were detected in the fruit at harvest (detection limit 0.05 ppmw). Grapes treated with 1.0 ppmw 2,4-D developed moderate injury symptoms.

Denitrification estimates in monoculture and rotation corn as influenced by tillage and nitrogen fertilizer

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming X. Fan ◽  
Angus F. MacKenzie ◽  
Melissa Abbott ◽  
François Cadrin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Field Estimation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
N Rates

Denitrification in agricultural soils results in loss of N for crop growth and production of N2O, a greenhouse gas. Agricultural management must be evaluated for denitrification losses in order to develop minimum N loss systems. Field estimation of denitrification losses is necessary to evaluate crop management effects. Two methods of field denitrification measurements, a soil core (SC) incubation and an in situ closed chamber (CC), were assessed in monoculture corn (Zea mays L.) and corn in rotation with soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Relative estimates of denitrification by the two methods depended on soil texture, with the CC method showing more treatment effects. Denitrification losses were higher with no-till than conventional tillage at one site, and were generally higher with corn than soybean. Nitrogen losses were linear with added N in monoculture corn plots, and ranged from 1.1 to 4.1% of added N. Losses were not related to added N in corn following alfalfa or soybean. Ratios of N2O/(N2O + N2) as measured with the SC method were lower at the Ste. Rosalie (1) site than at the Chicot site (0.95 to 2.84), but ratios of N2O/(N2O + N2) measured with the CC method were similar for the sites, from 0.46 to 1.20. Denitrification losses measured by either method were related to soil moisture and nitrate content in the soils. Corn production should be carried out with conventional tillage and minimum fertilizer N rates for minimum denitrification. Key words: Rotations, corn, soybean, denitrification, closed chamber, soil core

Liming and re-liming needs of acidic soils used for crop - pasture rotations

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
G. W. Ganning ◽  
V. F. Burnett ◽  
D. R. Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Degradation Problem

Summary. In a long-term liming experiment in north-eastern Victoria, we have re-applied lime and applied gypsum (1992 season) to assess wheat grain yield responses with on-going changes in soil pH and extractable aluminium. An acid-sensitive wheat (cv. Oxley) was grown in 2 seasons (1992–93), 12 years after initial applications of lime. Where lime (2.5 t/ha) was applied in 1992 to a previously unlimed soil, grain yield was increased by 19 and 46% respectively in the 2 seasons. However, the yield from these newly limed plots was well below the yields obtained from plots limed in 1980. Re-liming plots limed in 1980 resulted in further yield increases, with lime re-applied at 2.5 t/ha increasing yields by 12% in both seasons. Gypsum decreased grain yields on unlimed soil in the year of application but in the second year gave increases in yield. Whilst pH had changed little in the unlimed soil over the 12 years, the concentrations of extractable aluminium in the root zone increased substantially such that these concentrations far exceed levels which may affect acid-sensitive wheats. Liming at 2.5 t/ha did reduce the aluminium at 0–10 cm depth, but the concentrations at 10–20 cm depth (11.7 mg/kg) are likely to restrict grain yield. The data illustrate the progressive nature of soil acidification and the risk to wheat productivity through delaying treating this soil degradation problem.

The residual value of a sulphatic fertilizer applied to a basaltic soil

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Willow Tree

Yield responses d a native pasture on a basaltic soil near Willow Tree, New South Wales, were measured in the second, fourth, and seventh years after the application of several rates of calcium sulphate in the first year. The value of the residues declined sharply at first and then more slowly. Fifty per cent of the potential response by the legumes (the responsive component of the pasture) was achieved by an application of 7lb of sulphur an acre in the first year ; residues from an application of 20 lb of sulphur an acre were required in the second year, and from 48 lb S of sulphur an acre in the fourth year, to obtain the equivalent responses. By the seventh year, effects were too small to allow the derivation of a comparable figure.

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