Effects of green manures on soil organic matter and wheat yields and N nutrition

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N’Dayegamiye ◽  
Thi Sen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
C And N ◽  
Heavy Fractions ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

A field study was conducted for 5 yr (1993-1997) to evaluate the effects of green manure residues applied to the soil in 1993 and 1995, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and N nutrition as subsequent crop in 1994, 1996 and 1997. The effect of green manure application was also evaluated on soil microbial activity (CO2), on C and N contents of whole soil and on labile (LF) and heavy fractions (HF) of organic matter (OM). The experiment was initiated on a Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol). The green manures, as a main factor, were clover (Trifolium pratense L.), buckwheat (Fagapyrum esculentum L.), millet (Echinicloa crus galli L.), mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), and colza (Brassica campestris L.), and there was a control without green manure. The sub-factors consisted of four N fertilizer rates for wheat in the subsequent years at 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha–1. Broadcast application of 15N- labelled NH4NO3 was made in 90 kg N ha–1 fertilizer treatments. Two green manure applications did not influence the C and N contents of densimetric fractions of OM (LF and HF), but significantly increased those of whole soil, and microbial respiration (CO2). Green manures significantly increased wheat yields and N uptake in 1994 and 1996. Levels of N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were lower in all green manure treatments as compared to the control, which indicates that the proportion of N derived from soil and green manures (% Ndfs) was higher in these treatments. The contribution of N from green manure varied in the following order: buckwheat < clover < mustard < millet < colza. With the exception of the clover treatment (< 100%), the N recoveries from the other green manure N (NRGM) ranged from 23 to 34% and from 19 to 36% for 1994 and 1996, respectively. Green manure application provided 15 to 24 kg N ha–1 in 1994 and from 16 to 36 kg N ha–1 in 1996 and this contribution accounted for 25 to 31% of the total wheat N uptake. Significant green manure effects on wheat yield and N nutrition were primarily due to the improvement of soil properties and to high N recoveries from the green manure. In the cold temperate climate of Québec, green manure incorporation into soil in late summer or early fall of the preceding year allowed N synchronization with wheat N needs in subsequent cropping seasons. Nitrogen fertilizer rates could be reduced after the incorporation of green manures having high yields and N contents in the previous season. Key words: Green manure, wheat yields and N uptake, N recoveries, microbial respiration, labile and heavy fractions of OM, C and N contents

scholarly journals Sediment community responses to marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in a submarine canyon

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Hunter ◽  
A. Jamieson ◽  
V. A. I. Huvenne ◽  
U. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Submarine Canyon ◽  
Stable Isotope Labelling ◽  
C And N ◽  
13C Label ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract. The Whittard Canyon is a branching submarine canyon on the Celtic continental margin, which may act as a conduit for sediment and organic matter (OM) transport from the European continental slope to the abyssal sea floor. In situ stable-isotope labelling experiments were conducted in the eastern and western branches of the Whittard Canyon, testing short-term (3–7 days) responses of sediment communities to deposition of nitrogen-rich marine (Thalassiosira weissflogii) and nitrogen-poor terrigenous (Triticum aestivum) phytodetritus. 13C and 15N labels were traced into faunal biomass and bulk sediments, and the 13C label traced into bacterial polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Isotopic labels penetrated to 5 cm sediment depth, with no differences between stations or experimental treatments (substrate or time). Macrofaunal assemblage structure differed between the eastern and western canyon branches. Following deposition of marine phytodetritus, no changes in macrofaunal feeding activity were observed between the eastern and western branches, with little change between 3 and 7 days. Macrofaunal C and N uptake was substantially lower following deposition of terrigenous phytodetritus with feeding activity governed by a strong N demand. Bacterial C uptake was greatest in the western branch of the Whittard Canyon, but feeding activity decreased between 3 and 7 days. Bacterial processing of marine and terrigenous OM were similar to the macrofauna in surficial (0–1 cm) sediments. However, in deeper sediments bacteria utilised greater proportions of terrigenous OM. Bacterial biomass decreased following phytodetritus deposition and was negatively correlated to macrofaunal feeding activity. Consequently, this study suggests that macrofaunal–bacterial interactions influence benthic C cycling in the Whittard Canyon, resulting in differential fates for marine and terrigenous OM.

scholarly journals Residual effects of different green manures on the growth and yield of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Farhana Akter ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sesbania Aculeata

Green manures can enrich soils with organic matter and nitrogen. An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate the residual effects of different green manures on the growth and yield of wheat (BARI Gom-26). The experiment containing nine treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were T1 [No green manure + 100% Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)], T2 (Sesbania aculeata + 75% RDN), T3 (Sesbania aculeata + 50% RDN), T4 (Sesbania rostrata + 75% RDN), T5 (Sesbania rostrata + 50% RDN), T6 (Vigna radiata + 75% RDN), T7 (Vigna radiata + 50% RDN), T8 (Vigna mungo + 75% RDN), and T9 (Vigna mungo + 50% RDN). Residual effects of green manures with RDN significantly increased the yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. Further, green manures exerted significant residual effects on grain, straw and total N uptake of wheat. Among various treatments with green manures, the performance of T4 (Sesbania rostrata + 75% RDN) was the best as it produced the highest grain yield (4.28 t ha-1), straw yield (4.74 t ha-1) and total N uptake (108.02 kg ha-1). The use of green manures slightly increased the organic matter content, total N and available P, K, and S contents of the post-harvest soils. As regards to the contribution of various green manures on yield contributing characters and yield of wheat, performances of two Sesbania species viz., S. aculeata and S. rostrata in association with 75% N fertilizer were effective.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 624-630

scholarly journals Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1852-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-juan GAO ◽  
Ju-sheng GAO ◽  
Wei-dong CAO ◽  
Chun-qin ZOU ◽  
Jing HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Red Paddy Soil

Effets de deux incorporations d'engrais verts sur le rendement et la nutrition en azote du blé (Triticum aestivum L.), ainsi que sur les propriétés physiques et biologiques du sol

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Abdallahi ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
N Mineralization Potential

The effects of two applications of green manures (1993 and 1995) on soil physical and biological properties, on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and N uptake were investigated in 1996 in a Le Bras loam (Humic Gleysol). The green manures as main factor were clover (Trifolium pratense L.), buckwheat (Fagapyrum esculentum L.), millet (Sorghum sudanensis L.), mustard (Brassica hirta Moench), colza (Brassica campestris L.) and a control without green manure. The sub-factors consisted of four N fertilizer rates for subsequent wheat: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1. Green manure application significantly increased the soil water stable aggregates (MWD), and the > 0,25 mm fractions of water-stable aggregates (P < 0,05). Levels of soil microbial biomass, alcaline phosphatase and urease activities, and the N mineralization potential were also significantly increased by green manure treatments compared to the control. A 200 to 300% increase in wheat yields and N uptake were obtained, depending on green manure species, compared to the control. The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that wheat yields and N uptake increases were mainly due to N addition into soil and the improvement in soil physical and biological properties by green manure application. Key words: Green manure, wheat yields and N uptake, water stable aggregates, microbial biomass, N mineralization potential, soil enzymes

Forage potential of six leguminous green manures and effect of grazing on following grain crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Cicek ◽  
Joanne R. Thiessen Martens ◽  
Keith C. Bamford ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Grazing Effect

AbstractThere is a need to design intensive cropping systems that can reap multiple benefits from annual forages including animal feed, soil fertility and weed control. Considering pea/oat (Pisum sativumcv. 40–10/Avena sativacv. Legget) as a standard green manure, this study investigated the productivity, weed competitiveness, utilization and nitrogen (N) benefit from grazed and ungrazed green manures to spring wheat (Triticum aestivumcv. Waskada) and fall rye (Secale cerealecv. Hazlet). A set of 3-year experiments was carried out in Carman, Manitoba, Canada in 2009, and was repeated in 2010 and 2011. Green manures were grazed by 2–3 ewes and 2–5 lambs for 24 h (1111–1667 sheep days per ha). Averaged over experiments pea/oat mix, hairy vetch (Vicia villosaL.) and sweetclover (Melilotus officinaliscv. Norgold) above-ground dry matter (DM) production were 5036, 5032 and 4064 kg ha−1, respectively. Lentil (Lens culinariscv. Indianhead), a mixture of seven species and soybean (Glycine maxcv. Prudence) produced the least amount of DM over 3 years; 3589, 3551, 3174 kg ha−1, respectively. Pea/oat and hairy vetch were the most weed-competitive species and, averaged over 3 years, contained less than 15% weed DM. Utilization of green manures by grazing animals varied little among species across years and ranged from 28 to 86% for individual species and years. When combined across experiments grazing increased N availability to the wheat crop. The grazing effect was significant for wheat DM production, N uptake and grain N, but not significant for yield across experiments. Averaged over 3 years, wheat took up 107 kg N ha−1from grazed plots versus 98 kg N ha−1from ungrazed plots. A significant species×management interaction for total (wheat+fall rye) N uptake in 2009 indicated that increasing the proportion of legumes in the green manure increased N benefit from grazing. Fall rye productivity was not affected by grazing. We recommend pea/oat and hairy vetch as two green manure species to enhance the overall system performance to achieve high level of DM production, good weed competition, utilization by sheep and provision of N benefit to the following wheat and fall rye crops.

scholarly journals Effects of green manure application on soil microbial communities and activities in the decontaminated sandy soil paddy field in Fukushima, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chol Gyu Lee ◽  
Yuko Mitsuda ◽  
Soh Sugihara ◽  
Taiichiro Ookawa ◽  
Haruo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractOn March 11, 2011, Japan experienced an unprecedented earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, and suffered the direct and long-term effects of the earthquake and tsunami in the area. In Fukushima prefecture, agricultural land contaminated with radioactive Cesium from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Therefore, surface soil were removed for deconamination, and low fertility sandy soil was covered. Organic matter input is necessary to increase soil organic matter and green manure application is an effective method to improve soil fertility in the paddy field. Soil microbes and enzyme activities are sensitively responded to organic matter addition, but their dynamics on the dressed field are not well investigated. In this study, we focused on changing the microbial community, diversity and enzyme activities along with the green manure decomposition process in the sandy soil dressed paddy field in Japan. The green manure of hairy vetch and oat were harvested and incorporated in May 2020 and their decomposition process as cellulose and hemicellulose contents were determined. Soil bacterial communities were analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing. The green manure was rapidly decomposed within the first 13 days, and they did not remain 50 days after green manure incorporation. Soil microbial biomass carbon was higher in the M treatment after GM treatment, but was not significant between treatments after 50 days. Dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities changed during the harvesting period, but did not correlate with GM decomposition. Microbial diversity (OTU numbers and Shannon index) also changed with GM application, but they were not associated with GM decomposition. Soil prokaryotic communities and some bacteria (Baciili and Chlorolfexi) are significantly influenced by GM treatment. However, Clostrida was not affected by GM. Mixed green manure treatment showed significantly rapid hemicellulose decomposition than other treatments. In this process, Anaerolineae were negatively correlated with the decreasing of hemicellulose in this treatment. These results showed that GM treatment affected microbial communities, and their response was active during the decomposition process.

scholarly journals Effect of Long Term Manuring and Fertilization on Carbon Sequestration in Terrace Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmed ◽  
Majharul Islam ◽  
Md. Mahfujur Rahman ◽  
Sushan Chowhan ◽  
Md. Saikat Hossain Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Treated Soil

Background: A laboratory incubation study was carried out to study the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil organic matter (SOM) quality by means of C mineralization in terrace soil of Bangladesh.Methods: Soil samples were collected in 2016 from a highly weathered terrace soil with rice-wheat cropping pattern at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University experimental farm having five OM (control, cow dung, green manure, rice straw and compost) treatments combined with three mineral N fertilizer (control, 155 kg ha-1, 220 kg ha-1) levels. A model was used to explain detected C mineralization in soil known as parallel-first and zero order kinetic model.Result: Long term (28 years) application of mineral fertilizers and manure resulted that all the estimated parameters were not significantly influenced by either manure application or N fertilization except C mineralization rate was constant for resistant carbon pool (ks). The ks value was significantly influenced by manure application. Cumulative annual C mineralization evolved from SOM under field conditions were estimated between 6.21 to 9.31% of total soil organic carbon. The annual carbon mineralization was found to be significantly influenced by different exogenous organic matter application but not with N fertilization. There was a significant difference in annual C mineralization between green manure, cow dung and compost. However, the annual C mineralization was statistically similar between control and green manure treated soil. This result indicates that more stable organic matter was formed in compost treated soil which is less prone to decomposition if present crop management has been changed.

Protected organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye ◽  
N. Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
C And N

Effects of long-term (18-yr) applications of cattle manure (20 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and NPK fertilizer on the labile organic matter (OM) and its protection in water-stable aggregates were investigated in a Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol). Soil from the 0- to 10-cm depth was sampled from the untreated control, NPK, manure and NPK + manure treatments and fractionated into four size classes of slaking-resistant aggregates (>1000 µm, 250–1000 µm, 53–250 µm, <53 µm). Intact and crushed macroaggregates (250–1000 and >1000 µm) and intact microaggregates (<250 µm) were incubated for 21 d at 25 °C, and mineralized C and N were determined. The amount of mineralized C in intact aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size irrespective of the agronomic treatments, but there was no consistent trend for total N. Manure application led to an increase in mineralized C in most aggregate fractions. Crushing the macroaggregates enhanced mineralization of C by 14 to 35% and N by 17 to 103%. Additional C and N rendered mineralizable by crushing represents a fraction of the macroaggregate-protected OM. Manure application increased the protected pools of C (up to threefold) and N (up to fourfold) located in the small macroaggregates (250–1000 µm). In contrast, NPK fertilization increased the pool of macroaggregate-protected N by 2.5-fold but had no effect on the protected C. We conclude that manure application contributed to the accumulation of macroaggregate-protected C and N, whereas mineral fertilizers increased the protected-N pool only. Macroaggregates can provide a mechanism for the protection of labile soil OM in an annually tilled cropping system and this mechanism is enhanced with long-term manure application. Key words: Aggregate-protected organic matter, manure application, mineralization, mineral fertilizer, water-stable aggregates

scholarly journals Food quality determines sediment community responses to marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in a submarine canyon

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 11331-11374 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Hunter ◽  
A. Jamieson ◽  
V. A. I. Huvenne ◽  
U. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Submarine Canyon ◽  
Stable Isotope Labelling ◽  
C And N ◽  
13C Label ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract. The Whittard canyon is a branching submarine canyon on the Celtic continental margin, which may act as a conduit for sediment and organic matter (OM) transport from the European continental slope to the abyssal sea floor. In situ stable-isotope labelling experiments were conducted in the eastern and western branches of the Whittard canyon testing short term (3–7 day) responses of sediment communities to deposition of nitrogen-rich marine (Thallassiosira weissflogii) and nitrogen-poor terrigenous (Triticum aestivum) phytodetritus. 13C and 15N labels were traced into faunal biomass and bulk sediments, and the 13C label traced into bacterial polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Isotopic labels penetrated to 5 cm sediment depth, with no differences between stations or experimental treatments (substrate or time). Macrofaunal assemblage structure differed between the eastern and western canyon branches. Following deposition of marine phytodetritus, no changes in macrofaunal feeding activity were observed between the eastern and western branches, with little change between 3 and 7 days. Macrofaunal C and N uptake was substantially lower following deposition of terrigenous phytodetritus with feeding activity governed by a strong N demand. Bacterial C uptake was greatest, in the western branch of the Whittard canyon, but feeding activity decreased between 3 and 7 days. Bacterial processing of marine and terrigenous OM were similar to the macrofauna in surficial (0–1 cm) sediments. However, in deeper sediments bacteria utilised greater proportions of terrigenous OM. Bacterial biomass decreased following phytodetritus deposition and was negatively correlated to macrofaunal feeding activity. Consequently, this study suggests that macrofaunal-bacterial interactions influence benthic C cycling in the Whittard canyon, resulting in differential fates for marine and terrigenous OM.

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