Protected organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye ◽  
N. Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
C And N

Effects of long-term (18-yr) applications of cattle manure (20 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and NPK fertilizer on the labile organic matter (OM) and its protection in water-stable aggregates were investigated in a Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol). Soil from the 0- to 10-cm depth was sampled from the untreated control, NPK, manure and NPK + manure treatments and fractionated into four size classes of slaking-resistant aggregates (>1000 µm, 250–1000 µm, 53–250 µm, <53 µm). Intact and crushed macroaggregates (250–1000 and >1000 µm) and intact microaggregates (<250 µm) were incubated for 21 d at 25 °C, and mineralized C and N were determined. The amount of mineralized C in intact aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size irrespective of the agronomic treatments, but there was no consistent trend for total N. Manure application led to an increase in mineralized C in most aggregate fractions. Crushing the macroaggregates enhanced mineralization of C by 14 to 35% and N by 17 to 103%. Additional C and N rendered mineralizable by crushing represents a fraction of the macroaggregate-protected OM. Manure application increased the protected pools of C (up to threefold) and N (up to fourfold) located in the small macroaggregates (250–1000 µm). In contrast, NPK fertilization increased the pool of macroaggregate-protected N by 2.5-fold but had no effect on the protected C. We conclude that manure application contributed to the accumulation of macroaggregate-protected C and N, whereas mineral fertilizers increased the protected-N pool only. Macroaggregates can provide a mechanism for the protection of labile soil OM in an annually tilled cropping system and this mechanism is enhanced with long-term manure application. Key words: Aggregate-protected organic matter, manure application, mineralization, mineral fertilizer, water-stable aggregates

scholarly journals Soil Fertility, N2 Fixation and Yield of Chickpea as Influenced by Long-Term Biochar Application under Mung–Chickpea Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9008
Author(s):  
Shadman Khan ◽  
Zahir Shah ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N

A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2018–2019. Commercial biochars were given to the experimental site from 2014 to summer 2018 and received 0.95, 130 and 60 tons ha−1 of biochar by various treatments viz., (Biochar1) BC1, (Biochar2) BC2, (Biochar3) BC3 and (Biochar4) BC4, respectively. This piece of work was conducted within the same study to find the long-term influence of biochar on the fertility of the soil, fixation of N2, as well as the yie1d of chickpea under a mung–chickpea cropping system. A split plot arrangement was carried out by RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) to evaluate the study. Twenty-five kilograms of N ha−1 were given as a starter dosage to every plot. Phosphorous and potassium were applied at two levels (half (45:30 kg ha−1) and full (90:60 kg ha−1) recommended doses) to each of the four biochar treatments. The chickpea crop parameters measured were the numbers and masses of the nodules, N2 fixation and grain yield. Soil parameters recorded were Soil Organic Matter (SOM), total N and mineral N. The aforementioned soil parameters were recorded after harvesting. The results showed that nodulation in chickpea, grain yield and nutrient uptake were significantly enhanced by phosphorous and potassium mineral fertilizers. The application of biochar 95 tons ha−1 significantly enhanced number of nodules i-e (122), however statistically similar response in terms of nodules number was also noted with treatment of 130 tons ha−1. The results further revealed a significant difference in terms of organic matter (OM) (%) between the half and full mineral fertilizer treatments. With the application of 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, the OM enhanced from 1.67% in the control treatment, to 2.59%. However, total and mineral nitrogen were not statistically enhanced by the mineral fertilizer treatment. With regard to biochar treatments, total and mineral N enhanced when compared with the control treatment. The highest total N of 0.082% and mineral nitrogen of 73 mg kg−1 in the soil were recorded at 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, while the lowest total N (0.049%) and mineral nitrogen (54 mg kg−1) in the soil were recorded in the control treatment. The collaborative influence of mineral fertilizers and biochars was found to be generally non-significant for most of the soil and plant parameters. It could be concluded that the aforementioned parameters were greater for treatments receiving biochar at 95 tons or more per hectare over the last several years, and that the combination of lower doses of mineral fertilizers further improved the performance of biochar.

Effet à long terme d'apports d'engrais minéraux et de fumier sur les teneurs en C et en N des fractions densimétriques et des agrégats du loam limoneux Le Bras

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N'Dayegamiye ◽  
M. Goulet ◽  
M. R. Laverdière
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
C And N

Long-term mineral fertilizer applications could reduce organic matter (OM) levels in soil if coupled with crop rotations with low organic residues inputs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the C and N contents in whole soil, in densimetric OM fractions and in different aggregate size fractions of a Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol). The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, with dairy cattle manure applied at 0 and 20 Mgha−1 as the main factor. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments (NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized check). The four year rotation included silage corn, (Zea mays L.) silage corn, wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.). Contrary to mineral fertilizer, long-term manure applications significantly increased the C content in whole soil and also in the light and heavy fractions of OM (Fl and Fd). Mineral fertilizer significantly increased the C and N contents only in Fl. Moreover, manure application also increased the weight of the 5–8 mm aggregate size fraction and the C and N content in the 5–8 mm, 2–5 mm, 1–2 mm and 0,25–1 mm aggregate size fractions, compared to mineral fertilizer alone. In manured plots, soil C biomass, microbial respiration (CO2) and N mineralization (NO3) levels increased by 30% compared with mineral fertilizer treatments. Results of this study demonstrate the important effect of manure applications on C and N enrichment in soil and also on soil macroaggregation and biological activity. To maintain optimal C and N levels in soil and to favour soil macroaggregation, long-term mineral fertilizer application should be combined with crops in rotations which ensure high organic residues returns to soils. Key words: Macroaggregation, microbial biomass, N mineralization, long-term, light fraction, heavy fraction

Long-term effects of NPK fertiliser and manure on soil fertility and a sorghum - wheat farming system

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Manna ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
R. H. Wanjari ◽  
H. N. Ravankar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
C And N ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Yield decline or stagnation under long-term cultivation and its relationship with soil organic matter fractions are rarely considered. To understand this phenomenon, soil organic matter fractions and soil aggregate size distribution were studied in a long-term experiment at Akola, in a Vertisol in a semiarid tropical environment. For 14 years, the following fertiliser treatments were compared with undisturbed fallow plots: unfertilised (control), 100% recommended rates of N, NP, NPK (N : P : K ratios of 100 : 21.8 : 18.2 and 120 : 26.2 : 50 kg/ha for sorghum and wheat, respectively) and 100% NPK plus farmyard manure (FYM) and continuous cropping with a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system during 1988–2001. The significant negative yield trend was observed in unbalanced use of inorganic N application for both crops. However, yields were maintained when NPK and NPK + FYM were applied. Results showed that soil organic C and total N in the unfertilised plot decreased by 21.7 and 18.2%, compared to the initial value, at a depth of 0–15 cm. Depletion of large macroaggregates (>2 mm) accounted for 22–81% of the total mass of aggregates in N, NP and unfertilised control plots compared to fallow plots. Irrespective of treatments, small macroaggregates (0.25–2 mm) dominated aggregate size distribution (56–71%), followed by microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm, 18–37%). Active fractions, such as microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, hot water soluble C and N, and acid hydrolysable carbohydrates were greater in NPK and NPK + FYM treatments than in the control. Carbon and N mineralisation were greater in small macroaggregates than microaggregates. Particulate organic matter C (POMC) and N (POMN) were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with water-stable aggregate C and N (0.25–2 mm size classes), respectively. It was further observed that POMC and POMN were significantly greater in NPK and NPK + FYM plots than N and NP treated plots. Microbial biomass C was positively correlated with acid-hydrolysable carbohydrates (r = 0.79, P < 0.05). Continuous cropping and fertiliser use also influenced humic acid C and fulvic acid C fractions of the soil organic matter. Acid-hydrolysable N proportion in humic acid was greater than fulvic acid and it was greatest in NPK + FYM treatments. Continuous application of 100% NPK + FYM could restore soil organic carbon (SOC) to a new equilibrium level much earlier (t = 1/k, 2.4 years) than N (t = 1/k, 25.7 years), NP (t = 1/k, 8.1 years) and NPK (t = 1/k, 5.02 years). In conclusion, integrated use of NPK with FYM would be vital to obtain sustainable yields without deteriorating soil quality.

The effect on earthworm abundance and selected soil properties after 14 years of solid cattle manure and NPKMg fertilizer application

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Estevez ◽  
Adrien N’Dayegamiye ◽  
Daniel Coderre
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Earthworm Populations

Long-term manure application could increase soil earthworm abundance in cultivated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 14 yr (1977–1991) of manure and NPKMg fertilizer on earthworm populations, soil structural stability, N mineralization (NO3) and biological activity (CO2) on a Le Bras clay loam (Humic Gleysol) situated at St-Lambert, Quebec. The field experiment, in a split-plot design, consisted of two manure rates (0 Mg, 20 Mg ha−1) as principal treatments with secondary treatments receiving mineral fertilizer (NPKMg) and a control. These treatments were carried out over a 4-yr crop rotation of silage corn, (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and canola (Brassica campestris L.). Soil and earthworm sampling was done in fall 1991 under corn. Compared to mineral fertilizer treatment, long-term application of manure increased earthworm populations. However the interaction between the treatments of mineral fertilizer and of manure was not significant. Of the earthworms extracted by formalin and hand sorting, Aporrectodea genus was dominant in soil, representing 98–100% of the population. Several Allolobophora chlorotica and Lumbricus juveniles from the genus Lumbricus were found only in manured plots. Soil water stable aggregates and biological activity (CO2) were both increased by manure application. Mineral fertilizer application had no significant effect. A strong correlation was obtained only between earthworm abundance and biological activity (CO2). The results indicate that 14 yr application of solid cattle manure improved soil earthworm populations and diversity, biological activity (CO2) and structural stability compared to fertilizer treatments and the control. Key words: Earthworms, Aporrectodea turgida, manure, mineral fertilizer, organic matter, biological activity (CO2), N mineralization potential (NO3), water-stable aggregates

QUALITY AND VALUE OF WIND-MOVABLE AGGREGATES IN CHERNOZEMIC Ap HORIZONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Erodible Fraction

The 0–5 cm depth from Ap horizons of Orthic Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soils when recently brought under cultivation, and of unfertilized Dark Brown Chernozemic soils under continuous wheat and a wheat-fallow rotation since 1912 were sampled in early May 1984. The samples were separated into 500- to 1000-μm, 250- to 500-μm, 100- to 250-μm, and < 100-μm-diameter water-stable aggregates by wet sieving. These four diameter classes of water-stable aggregates, considered to be the wind-erodible fraction of the soil, comprised 65–76% and 89–96% of the whole soil of the Ap horizons of recently and long-term cultivated soils, respectively. They were analyzed for organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable K and monosaccharides. The source of the monosaccharides in the < 100-μm-diameter soil fraction, whether microbial or vegetative, was identified using ratios of hexoses to pentoses. The data allowed the calculation, using a number of assumptions, of the value of soil lost by wind erosion if its nutrients and organic matter had to be replaced by commercial fertilizers and cereal straw, respectively. The values obtained underscore the cost involved in poor land management, leading to wind erosion. Key words: Wind erosion, topsoil loss, organic matter (soil), monosaccharides, plant nutrients, land management

Long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil C and N fractions in a corn-soybean rotation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Justin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Rates

Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but their interactive effects remain contradictory. A long-term (25 yr) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation was used to investigate the effect of tillage [moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT)] and N rates (0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (STN), respiration, and SOM fractions [particulate organic matter (POMC, POMN), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOMC, MAOMN), and microbial biomass (MBC, MBN)]. Results indicate that NT had 27% higher SOC and 24% higher STN than MP in the 0-20 cm depth. Furthermore, SOC and STN stocks (0-20 cm) were 22% and 20% higher, respectively, under NT than MP. There was significant stratification under NT, with a rather uniform distribution under MP. The SOM fractions and soil respiration were 28-275% and 20-83% higher at the 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths, respectively, under NT than MP. Interestingly, N fertilizer rate or its interaction with tillage had no impact, except for respiration (tillage × N rate and N rate × depth). Hence, while N addition was required for adequate grain production and increased cumulative plant C and N inputs, our findings indicate that the vertical distribution of SOC, STN and SOM fractions were affected by tillage, thereby influencing resource accessibility and subsequent dynamics of SOM fractions. Taken together, our results support the adoption of NT and judicious use of N fertilizers for enhancing topsoil SOM storage and fertility under humid temperate conditions.

Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Application of cattle manure generally improves soil structure and organic matter (OM) content. However, changes in forms and location of OM within the aggregate structure are less well known. The effects of long-term (18-yr) applications of cattle manure (20 Mg ha–1 yr−1) and NPK fertilizer on the distribution of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated in a Le Bras loam (Humic Gleysol). Soil samples from the 0- to 10-cm depth were taken from the untreated control, NPK, manure and NPK + manure treatments. They were separated into four aggregate-size fractions (>1000 µm, 250–1000 µm, 53–250 µm, and <53 µm) by slaking air-dried soil, followed by wet sieving. Particulate (>53 µm) and mineral-associated OM (<53 µm) were separated from water-stable aggregates >53 µm by sieving after mechanical dispersion. After 18 yr, manure increased the OM level of the whole soil and favored formation of slaking-resistant macroaggregates (250–1000 µm). This effect was primarily a result of the OM added by the manure. In contrast, NPK fertilizer did not affect soil OM level or macroaggregation. The increase in OM induced by manure application was observed primarily in macroaggregates, and both as mineral-associated and particulate OM. However, manure did not change OM located in the fraction <53 µm confirming that recently deposited OM preferentially accumulates within the aggregate structure and not in the finely or non-aggregated material. Since previous studies have shown that most of the C in cattle manure is composed of coarse particles, we hypothesize that manure-derived OM first enters the soil primarily as particulate material, then, during decomposition, is transformed within the aggregate structure into mineral-associated material thereby contributing to aggregate stabilization. Key words: Cattle manure, mineral fertilization, particulate organic matter, soil structure

scholarly journals Effect of Long Term Manuring and Fertilization on Carbon Sequestration in Terrace Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmed ◽  
Majharul Islam ◽  
Md. Mahfujur Rahman ◽  
Sushan Chowhan ◽  
Md. Saikat Hossain Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Treated Soil

Background: A laboratory incubation study was carried out to study the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil organic matter (SOM) quality by means of C mineralization in terrace soil of Bangladesh.Methods: Soil samples were collected in 2016 from a highly weathered terrace soil with rice-wheat cropping pattern at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University experimental farm having five OM (control, cow dung, green manure, rice straw and compost) treatments combined with three mineral N fertilizer (control, 155 kg ha-1, 220 kg ha-1) levels. A model was used to explain detected C mineralization in soil known as parallel-first and zero order kinetic model.Result: Long term (28 years) application of mineral fertilizers and manure resulted that all the estimated parameters were not significantly influenced by either manure application or N fertilization except C mineralization rate was constant for resistant carbon pool (ks). The ks value was significantly influenced by manure application. Cumulative annual C mineralization evolved from SOM under field conditions were estimated between 6.21 to 9.31% of total soil organic carbon. The annual carbon mineralization was found to be significantly influenced by different exogenous organic matter application but not with N fertilization. There was a significant difference in annual C mineralization between green manure, cow dung and compost. However, the annual C mineralization was statistically similar between control and green manure treated soil. This result indicates that more stable organic matter was formed in compost treated soil which is less prone to decomposition if present crop management has been changed.

scholarly journals Effect of systematic application of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the organic matter of light-grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
N. A. Kodochilova ◽  
T. S. Buzynina ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
E. A. Katerova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The studies on assessment of changes in the content and composition of soil organic matter under the influence of the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (NPK)1, (NPK)2, (NPK)3 against the background of the aftereffect of single liming in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 h. a. (control – variants without fertilizers and lime) were conducted in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region in a long – term stationary experiment on light-grey forest soil. The research was carried out upon comple-tion of the fifth rotation of the eight-field crop rotation. The results of the study showed that for 40 years (from 1978 to 2018) the humus content in the soil (0-20 cm) decreased by 0.19-0.52 abs. % in variants as compared to the original (1.60 %); though, humus mineralization was less evident against the background of long-term use of mineral fertilizers compared to non-fertilized control. The higher humus content in the topsoil was noted in the variants with minimal (NPK)1 and increased (NPK)2 doses of fertilizer – 1.41 and 1.25 %, respectively. The humus content in non-fertilized soil and when applying high (NPK)3 doses of mineral fertilizers was almost identical – 1.08-1.09 %. The predominant group in the composition of humus were humic acids, the content of which in the experiment on average was 37.8 % of the total carbon with an evident decrease from 42.6 % in the control to 31.8% when applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers. The aftereffect of liming, carried out in 1978, was unstable and did not significantly affect the content and composition of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Type of organic fertilizer rather than organic amendment per se increases abundance of soil biota

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11204
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Laura G.A. Riggi ◽  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Sara Hallin ◽  
Astrid R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Wide Range

Addition of organic amendments is a commonly used practice to offset potential loss of soil organic matter from agricultural soils. The aim of the present study was to examine how long-term addition of organic matter affects the abundance of different soil biota across trophic levels and the role that the quality of the organic amendments plays. Here we used a 17-year-old fertilization experiment to investigate soil biota responses to four different organic fertilizers, compared with two mineral nitrogen fertilizers and no fertilization, where the organic fertilizers had similar carbon content but varied in their carbon to nitrogen ratios. We collected soil samples and measured a wide range of organisms belonging to different functional groups and trophic levels of the soil food web. Long-term addition of organic and mineral fertilizers had beneficial effects on the abundances of most soil organisms compared with unfertilized soil, but the responses differed between soil biota. The organic fertilizers generally enhanced bacteria and earthworms. Fungi and nematodes responded positively to certain mineral and organic fertilizers, indicating that multiple factors influenced by the fertilization may affect these heterogeneous groups. Springtails and mites were less affected by fertilization than the other groups, as they were present at relatively high abundances even in the unfertilized treatment. However, soil pH had a great influence on springtail abundance. In summary, the specific fertilizer was more important in determining the numerical and compositional responses of soil biota than whether it was mineral or organic. Overall, biennial organic amendments emerge as insufficient, by themselves, to promote soil organisms in the long run, and would need to be added annually or combined with other practices affecting soil quality, such as no or reduced tillage and other crop rotations, to have a beneficial effect.

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