Effects of Feeding Increasing Levels of Iron from Iron Sulfate or Iron Carbonate on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Blood Criteria

Abstract A total of 140 weanling pigs (241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 5.5 ± 0.79 kg body weight) were used in a 32-d study evaluating the effects of increasing dietary Fe from either iron sulfate (FeSO4) or iron carbonate (FeCO3) on nursery pig growth performance and blood Fe status. The pigs used for this trial did not receive an Fe injection after birth in order to increase the sensitivity to added dietary Fe after weaning. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d and allotted to pens based on the initial weight in a completely randomized block design with five pigs in each pen and four pens per treatment. Experimental treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial with main effects of dietary Fe source (FeSO4 vs. FeCO3) and level (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg of added Fe) plus a negative control with no additional dietary Fe. The basal diet contained 40 mg/kg total dietary Fe based on ingredient contributions and was formulated with an Fe-free trace mineral premix. Experimental diets were formulated below the pigs recommended Fe requirement based on NRC (2012) estimates. Experimental diets were fed in pellet form in a single phase for the duration of the trial. From day 0 to 32, there was no evidence for source × level interactions for growth performance, hemoglobin (Hb), or hematocrit (Hct) values. There was no evidence for a difference (P > 0.10) in dietary Fe source. Providing increasing Fe levels in the diet from either FeSO4 or FeCO3 improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, and increased (P < 0.05) Hb and Hct values. A day effect (P = 0.001) was observed for both Hb and Hct with values increasing throughout the study. Increasing dietary Fe levels in the diet from either FeSO4 or FeCO3 increased (linear; P < 0.05) Hb and Hct values on days 14, 21, and 32. In summary, these data suggest that the micronized form of FeCO3 is a source of Fe that can be added to nursery diets to yield similar responses to those observed from FeSO4 supplementation. Similar to previous research, increasing dietary Fe improved the growth performance and increased Hb and Hct values when pigs have low Fe status at weaning.

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250 Effects of Feeding Increasing Levels of Iron from Iron Sulfate or a Novel Source of Dietary Iron on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Blood Parameters.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky073.247 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. 133-134

Author(s):

H E Williams ◽

J C Woodworth ◽

J M DeRouchey ◽

S S Dritz ◽

M D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Iron Sulfate ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Nursery Pig

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232 Effects of Yarrowia Lipolytica Supplementation on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Diets Fed to Nursery Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 118-118

Author(s):

Yi-Chi Cheng ◽

Marcos E Duarte ◽

Sung Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽

Block Design ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Poultry Fat ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Lipid Supplement

Abstract The objective was to evaluate Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) as a lipid supplement fed to nursery pigs for the growth performance and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Twenty-four pigs weaned at 21 d of age (12 barrows and 12 gilts with initial BW at 7.2 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block design with sex and BW as blocks. The main effect was the dietary supplementation of YL (0, 1.5, and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat) with nutrients meeting or exceeding the requirements by NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for 21 d based on 2 phases. Feed intake and BW were recorded at d 0, 10, and 21 to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Fecal scores were recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect ileal digesta for AID of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. There were no differences in growth performance among treatments. Whereas, pigs fed 0 and 1.5% YL had higher (P < 0.05) AID of DM (55.0 and 52.2% to 40.2%, respectively) and GE (62.1 and 60.6% to 49.8%, respectively) than pigs fed 3% YL. There were no differences in AID of DM and GE between the pigs fed 0% and 1.5% YL. In conclusion, 1.5% Yarrowia lipolytica could be supplemented in nursery pig diets reducing 0.8% of poultry fat without affecting growth performance and AID of DM and GE.

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244 Effect of Fiber Source and Crude Protein Level on Nursery Pig Performance

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 94-95

Author(s):

Kelsey Hammers ◽

Hilda I Calderon ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Oat Hulls ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Pig Performance ◽

Two Phases ◽

Main Effects

Abstract A total of 360 pigs (DNA 200′400, initially 5.0 kg) were used in a 45-d growth trial to determine the effects of fiber source and crude protein (CP) level in diets without pharmacological levels of ZnO on nursery pig growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2×4 factorial with main effects of CP (21 or 18%) and fiber source [none, coarse wheat bran (CWB), oat hulls, or cellulose (Arbocel, J. Rettenmaier USA, Schoolcraft, MI)]. Fiber source was added to equalize the level of insoluble fiber contributed from 4% CWB, resulting in the addition of 1.85% oat hulls or 1.55% cellulose. Diets were fed in two phases (d 0 to 10 and 10 to 24) followed by a common diet (d 24 to 45). The 21% CP diets contained 1.40% SID Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2. Treatment diets were formulated to a maximum SID Lys:digestible CP level of 6.35%, thus SID Lys decreased in the 18% CP (1.25% SID Lys) diets. Data were analyzed using the lmer function in R. No fiber source × CP level interactions (P >0.05) were observed. Decreasing dietary CP decreased (P = 0.05) ADG, G:F, and d 24 BW. Overall, ADG and d 45 BW decreased (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 18% CP diets. No main effects of fiber source were observed for growth performance throughout the study. Fecal DM increased (P < 0.05) for pigs fed added cellulose compared to pigs fed no fiber or CWB in the experimental period. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP decreased growth performance and the inclusion of cellulose improved fecal DM of nursery pigs.

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496 Effects of Cleaning Corn on Nursery Pig Growth Performance.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky073.493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. 265-265

Author(s):

L M Tischhauser ◽

A D Yoder ◽

C K Jones

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Nursery Pig

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PSV-14 Effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder on nursery pig performance

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 197-198

Author(s):

Jacob A Richert ◽

Jorge Y P Palencia ◽

Clayton S Chastain ◽

Morgan T Thayer ◽

Brian T Richert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Full Potential ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Step Down

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of Cordyceps mushroom powder inclusion in diets for nursery pigs. One-hundred sixty crossbred pigs [(Duroc × (York × Landrace)] weaned at 18.8 d of age and weighing an average of 5.94 kg were used in a 35 day, 4 phase growth trial to evaluate Cordyceps mushroom powder as potential alternative to carbadox in nursery pig diets. Pigs were allotted by weight, sex, litter, and assigned to body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were constant in each pen. Each pen within a BW block was randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Growth performance was analyzed as a RCB design using BW, ADG, ADFI, G:F using GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. There were 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 6 pens/treatment. Five diets were used in the study: a negative diet or a positive control (Carbadox, 55 ppm); 300 or 600 ppm mushroom powder, and a step down treatment (900, 900, 450, 300, 150 ppm mushroom powder during weeks 1 through 5, respectively). At various points of the study, pigs fed the 300 ppm and the step-down mushroom powder treatments tended to have improved (P < 0.10) growth performance compared with those fed the negative control diet. During Phase 4 of the study, pigs fed Carbadox had greater ADG (P < 0.02) and improved feed efficiency (P < 0.09) compared to pigs fed the negative control diet. However, overall data showed that there were no statistical differences among treatments (P > 0.05). In summary, pigs fed 300 ppm mushroom powder or the step-down treatment showed comparable growth performance to pigs fed Carbadox. However, future research is needed under a greater disease challenge to examine mushroom powder’s full potential as an alternative to antibiotics.

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Effect of wheat as a feedstuff in starter diets on nursery pig growth performance and digestibility

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 207 ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.J. Bloxham ◽

C.R. Dove ◽

M. Azain

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Nursery Pig

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PSV-13 Effects of increasing iron dosage in newborn pigs on subsequent nursery performance and hematological criteria

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 196-197

Author(s):

Hayden E Williams ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Animal Health ◽

Negative Control ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Growth Data ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

D 63 ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Pig Performance

Abstract Weaned pigs (n = 308; 5.7 kg BW) were used in a 42-d study evaluating the effects of increasing injectable Fe dose at processing (d 3 after farrowing) on subsequent nursery pig performance and hematological criteria. Pigs were weaned on d 21 and allotted to pens based on previous Fe treatment with BW balanced across pens within a treatment with 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 10 pens/treatment. Treatments applied at processing were a negative control receiving no Fe injection or increasing injectable Fe (Gleptoforte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) to provide 50, 100, 150, 200-mg, or 200-mg plus 100-mg on d 11 post-farrowing. All pigs were fed the same diets after weaning containing 110 mg/kg of Fe from FeSO4 provided from the trace mineral premix. Growth data were analyzed as a CRD with pen as the experimental unit. Hematological criteria were analyzed as a repeated measure with pig as the experimental unit. Overall, increasing injectable Fe improved (linear; P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI (Table 1). Increasing injectable Fe up to 150 mg improved (quadratic; P = 0.011) G:F with a worsening G:F thereafter. There was no evidence of difference in growth performance (P > 0.10) between the 200-mg and the 200 + 100 mg injectable Fe treatments. Significant treatment×day interactions (P < 0.001) were observed for Hgb and Hct because pigs receiving an Fe injection less than 150-mg had increasing values through nursery while all other pigs had values remaining constant until d 63 after birth with no evidence of difference (P > 0.10) amongst all treatments at d 63 after birth. These results suggest that providing a 200-mg Fe injection at processing provides the greatest growth performance in the nursery and Fe in the diet is sufficient to meet the pigs’ Fe requirement to restore blood Fe status at the end of the nursery.

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PSV-10 Effects of storing three phytase sources for 90 days under high temperature and humidity on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 194-195

Author(s):

Carine M Vier ◽

Mariana Boscato Menegat ◽

Kiah M Gourley ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phytase Activity ◽

Pure Form ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Bone Ash ◽

Nursery Pig

Abstract This study evaluated storing 3 commercial phytases for 90 d in an environmental chamber set at 29.4°C and 75% humidity on phytase stability and nursery pig growth performance and bone mineralization. The phytases [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE), and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were kept as pure forms or blended in a vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premix and sampled on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of storage. Regardless of source and form, analyzed phytase activity decreased (linear, P < 0.001) as storage increased. Afterwards, 300 nursery pigs (11.7 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments in a RCBD with 4-5 pigs/pen and 8 pens/treatment. Treatments included a negative (NC, 0.12% aP) and positive control (PC, 0.27% aP) without phytase; or NC with added phytase to provide 0.15% aP (1,000, 651 and 500 FTU/kg for HiPhos, Axtra Phy, and Quantum Blue, respectively). Negative control with added phytase treatments were manufactured with each phytase source previously stored in pure form or VTM premix for 90d. Pigs fed PC had greater (P < 0.001) ADG compared to pigs fed Axtra Phy stored in VTM or NC. Feed intake was similar for PC, phytases stored in pure forms, and HiPhos and Quantum Blue stored in VTM, and greater (P < 0.001) than pigs fed NC. Pigs fed PC or HiPhos stored in pure form had improved (P < 0.001) G:F compared to pigs fed NC. Bone mineralization was greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed PC compared to NC, phytases stored in VTM, and Axtra Phy and Quantum Blue stored in pure form. Regardless of source and form, phytase activity decreased as storage increased. In this study, bone ash was reduced when phytases were stored for 90d in a VTM compared to the PC.

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