PSV-14 Effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder on nursery pig performance

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the optimal level of Cordyceps mushroom powder inclusion in diets for nursery pigs. One-hundred sixty crossbred pigs [(Duroc × (York × Landrace)] weaned at 18.8 d of age and weighing an average of 5.94 kg were used in a 35 day, 4 phase growth trial to evaluate Cordyceps mushroom powder as potential alternative to carbadox in nursery pig diets. Pigs were allotted by weight, sex, litter, and assigned to body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were constant in each pen. Each pen within a BW block was randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Growth performance was analyzed as a RCB design using BW, ADG, ADFI, G:F using GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. There were 5 or 6 pigs/pen and 6 pens/treatment. Five diets were used in the study: a negative diet or a positive control (Carbadox, 55 ppm); 300 or 600 ppm mushroom powder, and a step down treatment (900, 900, 450, 300, 150 ppm mushroom powder during weeks 1 through 5, respectively). At various points of the study, pigs fed the 300 ppm and the step-down mushroom powder treatments tended to have improved (P < 0.10) growth performance compared with those fed the negative control diet. During Phase 4 of the study, pigs fed Carbadox had greater ADG (P < 0.02) and improved feed efficiency (P < 0.09) compared to pigs fed the negative control diet. However, overall data showed that there were no statistical differences among treatments (P > 0.05). In summary, pigs fed 300 ppm mushroom powder or the step-down treatment showed comparable growth performance to pigs fed Carbadox. However, future research is needed under a greater disease challenge to examine mushroom powder’s full potential as an alternative to antibiotics.

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Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16582 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3B) ◽

pp. 609-622

Author(s):

N.P. Lenis ◽

J.T.M. van Diepen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Net Energy ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Amino Acid Requirements ◽

Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

Madie R Wensley ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M Derouchey ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Poultry Diets ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

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PSV-10 Effects of storing three phytase sources for 90 days under high temperature and humidity on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 194-195

Author(s):

Carine M Vier ◽

Mariana Boscato Menegat ◽

Kiah M Gourley ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phytase Activity ◽

Pure Form ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Bone Ash ◽

Nursery Pig

Abstract This study evaluated storing 3 commercial phytases for 90 d in an environmental chamber set at 29.4°C and 75% humidity on phytase stability and nursery pig growth performance and bone mineralization. The phytases [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE), and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were kept as pure forms or blended in a vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premix and sampled on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of storage. Regardless of source and form, analyzed phytase activity decreased (linear, P < 0.001) as storage increased. Afterwards, 300 nursery pigs (11.7 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments in a RCBD with 4-5 pigs/pen and 8 pens/treatment. Treatments included a negative (NC, 0.12% aP) and positive control (PC, 0.27% aP) without phytase; or NC with added phytase to provide 0.15% aP (1,000, 651 and 500 FTU/kg for HiPhos, Axtra Phy, and Quantum Blue, respectively). Negative control with added phytase treatments were manufactured with each phytase source previously stored in pure form or VTM premix for 90d. Pigs fed PC had greater (P < 0.001) ADG compared to pigs fed Axtra Phy stored in VTM or NC. Feed intake was similar for PC, phytases stored in pure forms, and HiPhos and Quantum Blue stored in VTM, and greater (P < 0.001) than pigs fed NC. Pigs fed PC or HiPhos stored in pure form had improved (P < 0.001) G:F compared to pigs fed NC. Bone mineralization was greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed PC compared to NC, phytases stored in VTM, and Axtra Phy and Quantum Blue stored in pure form. Regardless of source and form, phytase activity decreased as storage increased. In this study, bone ash was reduced when phytases were stored for 90d in a VTM compared to the PC.

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Inclusion of the direct-fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs increases growth performance and tends to increase villus height and crypt depth, but does not change intestinal microbial abundance

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gloria A Casas ◽

Laia Blavi ◽

Tzu-Wen L Cross ◽

Anne H Lee ◽

Kelly S Swanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Clostridium Butyricum ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Villus Height ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Crypt Depth

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of the direct fed microbial Clostridium butyricum in diets for weanling pigs will improve growth performance, systemic immune function, microbiota composition, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 275 newly weaned pigs (20 ± 2 d of age) with an average initial BW of 6.4 ± 0.8 kg were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 11 pens per treatment. Diets included a positive control diet containing Carbadox, a negative control diet without Carbadox, and three treatment diets in which 1,250 × 108 cfu/kg, 2,500 × 108 cfu/kg, or 3,500 × 108 cfu/kg of C. butyricum was added to the negative control diet. A two-phase feeding program was used (phase 1, 14 d; phase 2, 21 d). At the conclusion of the experiment (day 35), a blood sample was collected from one pig per pen (11 pigs per treatment) and this pig was then euthanized and digesta and tissues samples were collected. Results indicated that for the overall phase, pigs fed the positive control diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI and tended (P = 0.064) to have greater final BW than pigs fed the negative control diet. The ADG and G:F increased and then decreased as increasing doses of C. butyricum were included in the diet (quadratic, P < 0.05). The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α was less (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the positive control diet compared with pigs fed the negative control diet or diets containing C. butyricum. Crypt depth tended (P = 0.08) to be less in pigs fed the negative control diet compared with pigs fed the positive control diet and villus height tended to increase as the doses of C. butyricum increased in the diets (quadratic, P = 0.08). Villus height also tended (P = 0.084) to be greater in pigs fed diets containing C. butyricum compared with pigs fed the positive control diet. Crypt depth increased as the dose of C. butyricum increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) and villus width at the bottom tended to increase (linear, P = 0.072) as the dose of C. butyricum increased in the diet. Alpha and beta diversity indices of ileal and colonic microbiota were not affected by diet. In conclusion, addition of 1,250 × 108 cfu/kg of C. butyricum, but not greater levels, to diets fed to weanling pigs increased growth performance and tended to increase villus height and crypt depth, but changes in the abundance of intestinal microbiota were not observed.

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Effects of feeding diets containing low crude protein and coarse wheat bran as alternatives to zinc oxide in nursery pig diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelsey L Batson ◽

Hilda I Calderón ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Feeding Diets

Abstract Two experiments determined the effects of crude protein (CP) in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) with or without pharmacological levels of Zn on weanling pig growth performance. In Exp. 1, treatments included a positive control (21% CP) with 3,000 mg/kg Zn in phase 1 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2; negative control (21% CP) with 110 mg/kg Zn, and four diets containing 4% CWB and 110 mg/kg Zn formulated to 21, 19.5, 18, or 16.5% CP. The three diets with 21% CP and CWB contained 1.40% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2, while the 19.5, 18, and 16.5% CP diets contained 1.35, 1.25 and 1.20% Lys, respectively. Pigs fed the diet containing pharmacological Zn had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to the negative control and the 21% CP CWB diet. Reducing CP decreased ADG and G:F (linear, P = 0.002). In Exp. 2, diets consisted of: 1) positive control with 2,000 mg/kg of Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); 2) 110 mg/kg Zn and 21% CP; and 3 diets with 110 mg/kg Zn and 18% CP with 3) 1.2% SID Lys; 4) 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of crystalline AA, and 5) diet 4 with added non-essential AA. Pigs fed 21% CP with Zn had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) or 1.2% SID Lys. In summary, added Zn improved growth performance, but reducing CP did not.

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98 Buttiauxella Phytase Improves Growth Performance of Weanling Pigs Fed Corn, Soybean Meal, and Canola Meal Based Diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 49-50

Author(s):

Carly M Rundle ◽

Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽

Barthold Hillen ◽

Maryane S Sespere Faria Oliveira ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Weanling Pigs ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Quadratic Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a Buttiauxella phytase expressed in T. reesei can compensate the reduction in standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, Ca, digestible energy (DE), and standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA in diets for pigs without impaired growth performance. A positive control diet (PC) was formulated to meet the requirement for STTD P and total Ca (0.33% STTD P and 0.60% Ca). A negative control diet (NC) was formulated with 0.18% STTD P and 0.45% Ca and with reduction of DE by 43 kcal/kg and SID AA by 0.01–0.02% vs. PC. Adding 250, 500, or 1,000 phytase units (FTU) per kg to the NC diet for a total of 5 experimental diets formulated three additional diets. A total of 155 pigs (BW: 8.77 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to the 5 treatments, and there were 8 replicate pens per treatment. The experiment was conducted for 21 d. Pigs were weighed at the beginning and conclusion of the experiment, and daily feed allotments were recorded. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for each treatment. Data were analyzed using contrast statements to compare PC and NC, PC and phytase, and to determine linear and quadratic effects of phytase. Results indicated that pigs fed the NC diet had reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with pigs fed the PC diet (Table 1). Adding phytase to NC increased ADFI (linear, P < 0.05) and ADG (quadratic, P < 0.05) with the greatest values for the 1,000 FTU treatment. Including phytase in the diet also resulted in a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in G:F. In conclusion, Buttiauxella phytase may be included in diets with reduced nutrients and energy for weanling pigs without compromising pig growth performance.

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140 Effects of Bacillus subtilis probiotics on growth performance, diarrhea, and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 79-80

Author(s):

Yijie He ◽

Kwangwook Kim ◽

Cynthia Jinno ◽

Lauren Kovanda ◽

Seijoo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

E Coli

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, diarrhea and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a strain of E. coli (F18, express genes of LT, STb, and SLT 2 toxins). Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: negative control (NC, control diet without E. coli challenge), positive control (PC, control diet with E. coli challenge), and supplementation of 50 mg/kg of carbadox or 500 mg/kg of Bacillus subtilis probiotics. The experiment lasted 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation. The F18 E. coli were given to pigs at 1010 CFU/3 mL dose for three consecutive d. Diarrhea score was daily recorded for each pig to calculate frequency of diarrhea. Fecal samples were collected on d 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 PI to analyze β-hemolytic coliforms. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. Pigs supplemented with carbadox had greater (P < 0.05) body weight on d 7, 14, and 21 PI than pigs in the PC and probiotics group. Supplementation of probiotics enhanced pig body weight on d 21 PI, compared with the PC. E. coli challenge reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and feed efficiency from d 0 to 21 PI, while supplementation of antibiotics or probiotics enhanced ADG and feed efficiency from d 0 to 21 PI. Pigs in carbadox and probiotics groups had reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on d 7 PI than pigs in the PC. In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus subtilis could enhance disease resistance and promote growth performance of weaned pigs under disease challenge condition.

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178 Efficacy of commercial products on growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets with fumonisin-contaminated corn

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 78-79

Author(s):

Zhong-Xing Rao ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Nursery Pigs

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of commercial products on growth performance of nursery pigs fed high fumonisin diets. In Exp. 1,350 pigs (241 × 600; DNA; initially 9.9 kg) were used with 5 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Five dietary treatments consisted of a positive control (low fumonisin, 4 ppm fumonisin; FB1 + FB2), negative control (50 ppm fumonisin;) and the negative control with one of three products (0.3% of Kallsil Dry, Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA; 0.3% of Feed Aid Wide Spectrum, NutriQuest, Mason City, IA; 0.17% of Biofix Select Pro, Biomin America Inc., Overland Park, KS). Diets were fed for 14 d. Pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial weight as the blocking factor. Data were analyzed using nlme package in R program (version 3.5.2) with pen as experimental unit. Pigs fed the negative control, or diets with Kallsil Dry or Feed Aid had decreased (P< 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with those fed the positive control and diet with Biofix. Pigs fed the positive control diet had decreased (P< 0.05) d 14 serum sphinganine to sphingosine (Sa:So) ratio than those fed other diets. In Exp. 2, 300 pigs (241 × 600; initially 10.4 kg) were used and fed experimental diets for 28 d. Procedures were similar to Exp. 1 except there were 12 replicates per treatment and diets contained 30 ppm fumonisin. Pigs fed the negative control, or diets with Kallsil Dry or Feed Aid had decreased (P< 0.05) ADG and G:F, and greater (P< 0.05) d 14 and 28 Sa:So ratios compared with the positive control and diet with Biofix. In summary, adding Biofix to high fumonisin diets mitigated the negative effects of fumonisin while Kallsil Dry and Feed Aid did not.

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PSIV-4 The Impacts of Feeding Corn Co-products and Ionophores to Growing Boer Goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 215-216

Author(s):

Payton L Dahmer ◽

Tamra Kott ◽

Alison Crane ◽

James Lattimer ◽

Cassandra K Jones

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Protein Source ◽

Boer Goat ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn gluten feed (CGF) as replacements for soybean meal (SBM) and determine the impact of an ionophore on Boer goat growth performance and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1, 75 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 26.9 ± kg) were allotted to one of 5 dietary treatments: 1) Negative control (100% SBM, 0% DDGS and 0% CGF; 100SBM); 2) Positive control (100% DDGS, 0% CGF and 0% SBM; 100DDGS); 3) 66% DDGS, 33% CGF and 0% SBM (66DDGS/33CGF); 4) 66% CGF, 33% DDGS and 0% SBM (33DDGS/66 CGF); and 5) 100% CGF, 0% DDGS and 0% SBM (0DDGS/100CGF). Dietary treatment did not impact (P ≤ 0.21) growth. In Exp. 2, 72 Boer-goat kids (initial BW 21.7 ± kg) were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial with 2 protein sources and 2 ionophore inclusions: 1) SBM/no ionophore (SBM-NI); Diet 2) SBM with ionophore (SBM-I); Diet 3) DDGS/no ionophore (DDGS-NI); and Diet 4) DDGS with ionophore (DDGS-I). On d 21, goats were split into 2 groups according to their protein source and fed an additional d 10 (Group 1: DDGS-I; Group 2: SBM-I). The 15 heaviest goats from each group were harvested and carcass data collected. The protein source X ionophore interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.15) for any measured response criteria. Goats fed a diet with SBM had significantly increased (P = 0.04) ADG compared to goats fed DDGS. No evidence of difference was observed (P ³ 0.10) for ADFI or G:F. Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics. In summary, these data suggest that corn co-products can be economically included in Boer-goat diets, however their impact on growth performance is variable compared to that of soybean meal.

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176 Evaluation of a novel threonine source for nursery pig diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 85-86

Author(s):

Dalton Humphrey ◽

Spenser Becker ◽

Jason Lee ◽

Keith Haydon ◽

Laura L Greiner

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Nursery Pig ◽

Weaning Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Similar Growth ◽

Source Test

Abstract Four hundred and eighty (PIC 337 X 1050, PIC Genus, Hendersonville, TN) pigs were used to evaluate a novel threonine source (ThrPro, CJ America-Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) for nursery pigs from approximately 7 kg to 20 kg. At weaning, pigs were sorted by gender and fed a common diet for one week. Upon completion of the first week, pigs were sorted into randomized complete blocks, equalized by weight, within 16 replications. Pigs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: positive control (POS)-SID LYS:THR 0.60, negative control (NEG)-SID LYS:THR ≤0.46 and alternative threonine source (TEST)-SID LYS:THR 0.60. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC (2012) recommendations. Growth and intake data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure in SAS. The experimental unit was the pen. During the first 14 days, pigs fed TEST had similar ADG (0.417 vs. 0.414 kg/d, P=0.81) and G:F (0.977 vs. 1.030, P=0.18) compared to POS, and increased ADG (0.417 vs. 0.387 kg/d, P=0.01) and G:F (0.977 vs. 0.898, P=0.05) compared to NEG. Over days 14-28, pigs fed TEST had similar ADG (0.523 vs. 0.532 kg/d, P=0.49) and G:F (0.712 vs. 0.707, P=0.71) compared to POS, and increased ADG (0.523 vs. 0.479 kg/d, P=0.002) and G:F (0.712 vs. 0.627, P< 0.0001) compared to NEG. Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed TEST had similar ADG (0.466 vs. 0.474 kg/d, P=0.48) and G:F (0.808 vs. 0.816, P=0.55) compared to POS, and increased ADG (0.466 vs. 0.433 kg/d, P=0.002) and G:F (0.808 vs. 0.725, P< 0.0001) compared to NEG. ADFI was not significantly different across treatments for the entirety of the study. In conclusion, the replacement of L-threonine with a novel threonine source resulted in similar growth performance in nursery pigs from approximately 7 kg to 20 kg.

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