Understanding the lipid-digestion processes in the GI tract before designing lipid-based drug-delivery systems

Background: Oral administration of medications and current oral modified-release systems are the most preferred drug delivery routes, but they provide efficacy up to 12-24 hours per administration and are not useful when the patient has short transit time. The once-daily administered formulations are the endpoint of many types of drug development, and some innovations in capsule endoscopy (CE) can solve this problem. Objective: This review aims to reveal recent advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) for CE as an essential field of research for more precise drug targeting at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods: We performed a narrative overview of the MEDLINE database from 1991-2020 using the keywords of DDS and CE with synthesizing the findings, hand searches, and authoritative articles. Results: There are microelectromechanical systems and non-mechanical patent technologies for DDS for CE, and the implementation of wireless-capsule medical devices into the human body will provide new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Integrating biomedical CE with DDS and the cloud technology will bring remote real-time feedbackbased automated treatment or responsive medication. Conclusion: Swallowable drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy brings an entirely new approach for diagnostic and therapeutic methods in digestive diseases.

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Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Polysaccharides ◽

10.3390/polysaccharides2030038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 626-647

Author(s):

Yubia De Anda-Flores ◽

Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan ◽

Alma Campa-Mada ◽

Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza ◽

Agustin Rascon-Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Colonic Delivery ◽

Drug Degradation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Targeted Drug ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Polysaccharide biomaterials have gained significant importance in the manufacture of nanoparticles used in colon-targeted drug delivery systems. These systems are a form of non-invasive oral therapy used in the treatment of various diseases. To achieve successful colonic delivery, the chemical, enzymatic and mucoadhesive barriers within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract must be analyzed. This will allow for the nanomaterials to cross these barriers and reach the colon. This review provides information on the development of nanoparticles made from various polysaccharides, which can overcome multiple barriers along the GI tract and affect encapsulation efficiency, drug protection, and release mechanisms upon arrival in the colon. Also, there is information disclosed about the size of the nanoparticles that are usually involved in the mechanisms of diffusion through the barriers in the GI tract, which may influence early drug degradation and release in the digestive tract.

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Structural Development of Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) During In Vitro Lipid Digestion Monitored by Small-angle X-ray Scattering

Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.1007/s11095-007-9304-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1844-1853 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Dimitrios G. Fatouros ◽

G. Roshan Deen ◽

Lise Arleth ◽

Bjorn Bergenstahl ◽

Flemming Seier Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Small Angle ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Structural Development ◽

Lipid Digestion ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Self-assembled structures formed during lipid digestion: characterization and implications for oral lipid-based drug delivery systems

Drug Delivery and Translational Research ◽

10.1007/s13346-013-0168-5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 275-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Stephanie Phan ◽

Stefan Salentinig ◽

Clive A. Prestidge ◽

Ben J. Boyd

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Lipid Digestion ◽

Self Assembled

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Lipid Digestion as a Trigger for Supersaturation: Evaluation of the Impact of Supersaturation Stabilization on the in Vitro and in Vivo Performance of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

Molecular Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1021/mp300164u ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 2063-2079 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Mette U. Anby ◽

Hywel D. Williams ◽

Michelle McIntosh ◽

Hassan Benameur ◽

Glenn A. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Lipid Digestion ◽

The Impact

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Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120242 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 710-711

Author(s):

G.E. Visscher ◽

R. L. Robison ◽

G. J. Argentieri

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Injectable Polymer ◽

Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

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