scholarly journals Effect of Multivalent Ions on Ionic Crosslinking of Polyelectrolytes Adsorbed on Particle

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Satone ◽  
Kenji Iimura ◽  
Norimasa Minami ◽  
Akio Nasu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Multivalent Ions

scholarly journals Multivalent Ions as Reactive Crosslinkers for Biopolymers—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wurm ◽  
Barbara Rietzler ◽  
Tung Pham ◽  
Thomas Bechtold
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Textile Fibers ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Controlled Adsorption ◽  
Ionic Crosslinks

Many biopolymers exhibit a strong complexing ability for multivalent ions. Often such ions form ionic bridges between the polymer chains. This leads to the formation of ionic cross linked networks and supermolecular structures, thus promoting the modification of the behavior of solid and gel polymer networks. Sorption of biopolymers on fiber surfaces and interfaces increases substantially in the case of multivalent ions, e.g., calcium being available for ionic crosslinking. Through controlled adsorption and ionic crosslinking surface modification of textile fibers with biopolymers can be achieved, thus altering the characteristics at the interface between fiber and surrounding matrices. A brief introduction on the differences deriving from the biopolymers, as their interaction with other compounds, is given. Functional models are presented and specified by several examples from previous and recent studies. The relevance of ionic crosslinks in biopolymers is discussed by means of selected examples of wider use.

Rational Surface Engineering of MXene@N-doping Hollow Carbon Dual-confined Cobalt Sulfides/Selenides for Advanced Aluminum Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yao ◽  
Shunlong Ju ◽  
Xuebin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Rational Surface ◽  
Natural Abundance ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Hollow Carbon

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) based on multivalent ions transfer have attracted great attention due to their large specific capacities, natural abundance, and high safety of metallic Al anode. However, the...

Evolutionary Structure Prediction Assisted Design of Anode Materials for Ca-Ion Battery Based on Phoshphorene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Chowdhury ◽  
Pranab Gain ◽  
Ayan Datta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
Store Energy Density ◽  
P Utilization

Utilization of multivalent ions such as Ca(II), Mg(II), Al(III) in the energy storage devices opens up new opportunities to store energy density in a more efficient manner rather than monovalent...

scholarly journals Dynamics of Ion Channels via Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Tobias Gulden ◽  
Alex Kamenev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Algebraic Topology ◽  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Coulomb Systems ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Ion Interactions ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
Electric Filed ◽  
Entropic Effects

We study dynamics and thermodynamics of ion transport in narrow, water-filled channels, considered as effective 1D Coulomb systems. The long range nature of the inter-ion interactions comes about due to the dielectric constants mismatch between the water and the surrounding medium, confining the electric filed to stay mostly within the water-filled channel. Statistical mechanics of such Coulomb systems is dominated by entropic effects which may be accurately accounted for by mapping onto an effective quantum mechanics. In presence of multivalent ions the corresponding quantum mechanics appears to be non-Hermitian. In this review we discuss a framework for semiclassical calculations for the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Non-Hermiticity elevates WKB action integrals from the real line to closed cycles on a complex Riemann surfaces where direct calculations are not attainable. We circumvent this issue by applying tools from algebraic topology, such as the Picard-Fuchs equation. We discuss how its solutions relate to the thermodynamics and correlation functions of multivalent solutions within narrow, water-filled channels.

Ionic Crosslinking of Carboxylated SBR

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyosaku Sato
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ion Clusters ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Ionic Bonds ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Ionic Crosslinks

Abstract 1. Ionic bonding of carboxylated SBR with zinc oxide is detectable by means of measurements of the temperature dependence of tan δ. There is an α peak in the region of 60°C at 3.5 Hz. The position and shape of the α peak are strongly dependent on the state of cure of the vulcanizates. Without permanent crosslinking, the α peak is a plateau; as the crosslink density increases, the α peak becomes sharper and shifts to lower temperatures. The presence of carbon black causes the α peak to shift to higher temperatures, regardless of the presence of permanent crosslinks. 2. Ionic bonds in carboxylated SBR reacted with zinc oxide are in the form of ion clusters which function as crosslinks at room temperature. The ionic crosslinks provide carboxylated SBR with high tensile strength in the absence of reinforcing fillers. The presence of carbon black causes the 300% modulus to increase. The ionic crosslinks are labile, and the strength is lost at moderately elevated temperatures. A mixed cure system consisting of both sulfur and zinc oxide provides higher heat resistance than either of the single cure systems.

Multivalent ions control the transport through lysenin channels

2010 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fologea ◽  
Eric Krueger ◽  
Redwan Al Faori ◽  
Rachel Lee ◽  
Yuriy I. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivalent Ions

scholarly journals Water-Resistant Latex Coatings: Tuning of Properties by Polymerizable Surfactant, Covalent Crosslinking and Nanostructured ZnO Additive

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Jana Machotová ◽  
Andréa Kalendová ◽  
Denisa Steinerová ◽  
Petra Mácová ◽  
Stanislav Šlang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coating Performance ◽  
Polymerizable Surfactant ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Latex Coatings ◽  
Covalent Crosslinking ◽  
Coating Composition ◽  
Acrylic Latexes

This paper deals with the development of acrylic latexes providing high-performance water-resistant coatings. For this purpose, mutual effects of anionic surfactant type (ordinary and polymerizable), covalent intra- and/or interparticle crosslinking (introduced by allyl methacrylate copolymerization and keto-hydrazide reaction, respectively) and ionic crosslinking (provided by nanostructured ZnO additive) were investigated. The latexes were prepared by the standard emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid as the main monomers. The addition of surface-untreated powdered nanostructured ZnO was performed during latex synthesis, resulting in stable latexes comprising dispersed nanosized additive in the content of ca 0.9-1.0 wt.% (based on solids). The coating performance with emphasis on water resistance was evaluated. It was determined that the application of the polymerizable surfactant improved coating adhesion and water-resistance, but it wasn′t able to ensure high water-resistance of coatings. Highly water-resistant coatings were obtained provided that covalent intra- and interparticle crosslinking together with ionic crosslinking were employed in the coating composition, forming densely crosslinked latex films. Moreover, coatings comprising nanostructured ZnO additive displayed a significant antibacterial activity and improved solvent resistance.

scholarly journals Energy Storage in crystalline Materials based on multivalent Ions

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C365-C365
Author(s):  
Tina Nestler ◽  
William Förster ◽  
Stefan Braun ◽  
Wolfram Münchgesang ◽  
Falk Meutzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Solid State Batteries

Energy conversion and storage has become the main challenge to satisfy the growing demand for renewable energy solutions as well as mobile applications. Nowadays, several technologies exist for the conversion of electric energy into e. g. heat, light and motion or vice versa. Among a large variety of storage concepts, the conversion of electrical in chemical energy is of great relevance in particular for location-independent use. Main factors that still limit the use of electrochemical cells are the volumetric and gravimetric energy density, cyclability as well as safety. The concept for a new thin-film rechargeable battery that possibly improves these properties is presented. In contrast to the widespread lithium-ion technology, the discussed battery is based on the redox reaction of multivalent Al-ions and their migration through solid electrolytes. The ion conduction and insertion processes in the crystalline materials of the suggested cell are discussed under a crystallographic point of view to identify suitable electrode and separator materials. A multilayer-stack of all-solid-state batteries is synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and investigated in situ, i. e. during charge and discharge, by X-ray reflection and diffraction methods. The correlation between crystal structure, morphology and electrical performance is investigated in order to characterize the ion diffusion and insertion process.

Polyelectrolyte Brush Interaction with Multivalent Ions

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (24) ◽  
pp. 8189-8196 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Zhulina ◽  
O. V. Borisov ◽  
T. M. Birshtein
Keyword(s):  
Polyelectrolyte Brush ◽  
Multivalent Ions

Chitosan Nanocarriers Loading Anti-Tumor Drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wei Wu ◽  
Xin Feng Song ◽  
Han Wen Sun ◽  
Yan Cong Zhang ◽  
Xiang Ling Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Covalent Crosslinking ◽  
Immune Ability ◽  
Tumor Drugs ◽  
Adhesion Effect

Chitosan is a kind of natural polymer commonly applied for nanomaterials, which is affluent in nature with favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility and free of toxicity or odor. In clinic it can be used as a drug carrier for the treatment of cancer, and also it is a kind of new pharmaceutical excipient. To prepare chitosan nanomaterial, various method are used, such as ionic crosslinking, covalent crosslinking, precipitation, free radical polymerization, reverse micelle, spray drying, and self-assembly. Furthermore, plenty of anti-tumor drugs, including adriamycin, epirubicin, taxol, 5-fluorouracil, norcantharidin, folic acid, and so on, are also attempted to load on these chitosan nanocarriers. In addition, the mechanism for those nanocarriers carrying anti-tumor drugs acting on tumor cell were explored, and the formulation mainly include electric charge adhesion effect, suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells, adjusting or enhancing immune ability of the body and inducing apoptosis. This paper compared the characteristics of different preparation methods on chitosan as a nanodrug carrier, summarized the types of packaged drugs, analyzed the mechanism of the chitosan as nanodrug carriers. It can provide valuable reference for researchers' further work.

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