scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity of Fluorescent Pseudomonads against a Polyphagous Soil Born Plant Pathogen–Sclerotium Rolfsii

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Prasada Babu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads

Screening of Fluorescent Pseudomonad Isolates Against Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc., of Soybean (Glycine Max)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka . ◽  
Geeta. Goudar
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Culture Experiment

An attempt was made to isolate and characterize Fluorescent pseudomonads from the rhizosphere soil samples and further screening of the isolates for their antagonistic properties against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., of soybean. The isolates were subjected for morphological, biochemical and functional characterization. All the isolates exhibited fluorescence under UV light. Cells were rods and gram negative. All the isolates produced clear zone of P- solubilization (TCP) (18.80-21.71mm diameter) on Pikovskaya’s agar medium. The fluorescent pseudomonads produced significantly varying quantities of IAA (19.97 mg to 28.89 mg IAA/25 ml of broth) and GA (18.52 µg per 25 ml broth). All the isolates showed antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. The per cent inhibition ranged from 36.85 to 70.37. Under pot culture experiment, lowest PDI was observed in DFP48 followed by DFP47, among the FP isolates. These isolates also showed maximum peroxidase activity and also plant growth promotional activities.

scholarly journals Study of Plant Pathogen Interaction in Groundnut Challenged with Sclerotium rolfsii by Scanning Electron Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
S. Rajasekhar ◽  
Y. Amaravathi ◽  
R.P. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
R.P. Vasanthi ◽  
N.P. Eswara Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Use of Trichoderma in Biological Control of Collar Rot of Soybean and Chickpea

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Kaniz Hasna ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Farid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

An in vitro and field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, aiming to investigate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. In in vitro the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum against S. rolfsii was observed through dual culture. In field experiment Trichoderma was applied as soil treatment and seed treatment. The percent inhibition of S. rolfsii induced by T. harzianum was found upto 78.9% in in vitro. The maximum reduction of collar rot disease incidence over control was 82.4% in soybean and 77.6% in chickpea which was recorded in the plot where T. harzianum was applied in the soil. The highest seed germination: 86.3% in soybean and 84.8% in chickpea, maximum fresh shoot weight: 94.5 g plant-1 in soybean, 62.5 g plant-1 in chickpea, maximum fresh root weight: 10.7 g plant-1 in soybean, 9.3 g plant-1 in chickpea and the highest yield: 2830 kg ha-1 in soybean, 1836 kg ha-1 in chickpea were obtained by the application of Trichoderma in soil. The study indicated that the tested isolate of T. harzianum had potential in controlling collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. For the reduction of collar rot incidence application of T. harzianum in soil was found more effective than seed treatment. 

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation: Volatile Fatty Acids Reduce Viability of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii Sclerotia in Acidic Soil Conditions and Have Limited Effects on Endemic Trichoderma spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keagan J. Swilling ◽  
Utsala Shrestha ◽  
Bonnie H. Ownley ◽  
Kimberly D. Gwinn ◽  
David M. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Soil Exposure ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetic and n-butyric acid, released during anaerobic decomposition of organic soil amendments during anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) likely play a role in soilborne plant pathogen inoculum suppression. However, research is limited on the direct effects of soil VFA exposure on fungal plant pathogen inoculum, effects on pathogen antagonists such as Trichoderma spp., and the role of soil microbial VFA metabolism on reducing exposure effects. The present study addresses these limitations through a series of studies evaluating the effects of VFA (acetic or n-butyric acid), VFA concentration (4, 8, or 16 mmol/kg soil), soil sterilization by autoclaving, and soil amendment on the viability of Athelia rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii) sclerotia post VFA exposure, and soil populations of Trichoderma spp. HCl and water-only controls were included. After 4-days exposure in an acidic, anaerobic environment, sclerotial viability, and colonization by culturable fungi or bacteria were assessed with standard procedures. Greenhouse experiments were similarly conducted to evaluate endemic soil populations of Trichoderma spp. following soil exposure to VFAs and Trichoderma spp. populations assessed with standard soil dilution plating onto semi-selective medium. Sclerotial germination was generally reduced by soil exposure to acetic (35.1% germination) or n-butyric (21.9% germination) acids compared to water (74.3% germination) and HCl (62.7% germination). Germination was reduced as VFA concentration increased from 4 to 8 and 16 mmol/kg (39.5, 29.1, and 16.9%, respectively). In amended soils, there was no difference in sclerotial germination compared to non-amended soils, but in the greenhouse experiment there was a Trichoderma spp. population increase of over 300% in amended soil [3.4 × 106 colony forming units (CFU)/g soil] compared to the non-amended soil (9.6 × 105 CFU/g soil). Soil autoclaving had no effect on sclerotial germination at low VFA concentrations, but sclerotial germination was reduced at higher VFA concentrations compared to non-autoclaved soil. Our results suggest that VFAs contribute to sclerotial mortality in strongly acidic soil environments, and mortality is influenced by VFA components and environment. Antifungal activity is less for acetic acid than for n-butyric, and less in non-sterile soil environments more typical of field conditions than in sterile laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii Using Antagonistic Activities of Pseudomonads

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad ◽  
Tushar Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Unique Ability ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Traits

Thirty well-characterized pseudomonad isolates for plant growth-promoting traits were screened for their antagonistic activities against 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii. Out of the 30 pseudomonad isolates, PUR46 was found to be best against all 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii, because of its unique ability to suppress the growth of mycelia as well as the sclerotia formation of most of the S. rolfsii isolates in vitro conditions. In our previous study, PUR46 was also found to be positive for growth promoting traits like phosphorus solubilization and ammonification. The results suggested that expression of one or more of the traits like antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii and solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate may help in controlling the pathogen besides enhancement of plant growth. In this study, our investigations clearly indicate that PGPR isolates PUR 46 may be exploited to be used as potential biocontrol agents against S. rolfsii in agriculture system.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL BIO-INOCULANTS AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutha Raja Kumar ◽  
R., Arulselvi A ◽  
Rex Immanuel R ◽  
Jaiganesh V ◽  
Thamarai Selvi M.
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents against stem rot of groundnut. The result of the dual culture technique indicated that Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii. Among the isolate T. viride (Tv1 ) produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth. This was followed by the isolates T. harziaum and T. virens which restricted the mycelial growth when compared to control. Among the isolates T. viride (Tv1 ) at a conc. of 10, 20, 30 and 40 per cent conc. showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelia growth recording 22.15, 15.27, 8.75 and 0.00 mm respectively. The next best in antagonist was T. harzianum. Among the Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates, PfI3 produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth accounting for 74.97 per cent reduction over control. Also, a general increase in the conc. of the Antagonistic culture filtrate showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the test pathogen.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Alyssa Swehla ◽  
Abhay K. Pandey ◽  
Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fallow System

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.

scholarly journals Selection of high temperature and salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates with antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii

SpringerPlus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Poosapati ◽  
Prasad Ravulapalli ◽  
Navaneetha Tippirishetty ◽  
Dinesh Vishwanathaswamy ◽  
Sarada Chunduri
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Antagonistic Activity of Fluorescent Pseudomonads

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3883-3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya nka ◽  
Geeta Goudar ◽  
P. Jones Nirmal Nath ◽  
P.V. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads
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