scholarly journals Dataset for "Boreal headwater catchment as hot spot of carbon processing from headwater to fjord" Clayer et al.

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Carbon Processing ◽  
Headwater Catchment

scholarly journals Boreal headwater catchment as hot spot of carbon processing from headwater to fjord

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Clayer ◽  
J.‐E. Thrane ◽  
U. Brandt ◽  
P. Dörsch ◽  
H. A. Wit
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Carbon Processing ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Is terrestrial carbon degradation in stream hyporheic zones stimulated by nutrients?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Attermeyer ◽  
Astrid Harjung ◽  
Jakob Schelker ◽  
Martin Kainz ◽  
Gabriele Weigelhofer
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Carbon Processing ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Degradation

<p>The stream hyporheic zone (HZ) represents the interface between streams and groundwater. Due to the mixing of organic matter and nutrients from groundwater and surface waters it is a hot spot of microbial activities and carbon processing within a stream network. The magnitude of terrestrial carbon degradation by microorganisms in the HZ influences the quantity and biochemical quality of terrestrial carbon as well as greenhouse gas concentrations in streams. One of the factors controlling microbial activities and terrestrial carbon degradation in the HZ are nutrients. However, major knowledge gaps exist regarding the control of nutrients on terrestrial carbon processing in the HZ among different streams.</p><p>We investigated the role of algal DOM (DOM<sub>alg</sub>) and phosphorus (P) on the degradation of soil DOM (DOM<sub>soil</sub>) by hyporheic microorganisms in a lab- and a field-based experiment. In the lab-based experiment, we focused on the influence of different DOM<sub>soil</sub>:DOM<sub>alg</sub> ratios on the DOM degradation at similar carbon concentrations in microcosms mimicking the HZ. One batch was incubated at ambient P concentrations and a second batch at increased P concentrations adapted to the highest levels found in the pure DOM<sub>alg</sub>. We assessed microbial respiration and changes in DOM optical properties to examine quantitative and qualitative changes of the DOM pool. In the field-based experiment, we determined microbial respiration rates of HZ-sediments from 20 streams in Austria with differing ambient nutrient and organic carbon concentrations. The sediments were incubated with DOM<sub>soil</sub>, with and without additional P.</p><p>Results from the lab-based experiment show that microbial respiration in the HZ decreased with increasing soil DOM fractions. When P levels were adapted to DOM<sub>alg</sub> concentrations, microbial respiration rates were comparable between the different DOM mixtures and DOM<sub>soil</sub> was degraded. However, in the field-based experiment, P addition only stimulated microbial respiration rates in one out of 20 HZ-sediments, suggesting that microbial respiration rates are not solely controlled by P.</p><p>In conclusion, nutrient pulses can stimulate microbial activities and thus terrestrial carbon degradation in the HZ. However, when using different stream HZ-sediments, it becomes evident that the nutrient stimulation is not a ubiquitous mechanism and terrestrial carbon degradation in the HZ is controlled by a multitude of factors.</p>

Mutation Spectrum in Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and X-linked Thrombocytopenia: Identification of Twelve Different Mutations in the WASP Gene

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 546-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Schwartz ◽  
Albert Békássy ◽  
Mikael Donnér ◽  
Thomas Hertel ◽  
Stefan Hreidarson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Pair ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome ◽  
Base Pair Deletion ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis ◽  
Wasp Gene ◽  
Detection Of Mutations

SummaryTwelve different mutations in the WASP gene were found in twelve unrelated families with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) or X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT). Four frameshift, one splice, one nonsense mutation, and one 18-base-pair deletion were detected in seven patients with WAS. Only missense mutations were found in five patients diagnosed as having XLT. One of the nucleotide substitutions in exon 2 (codon 86) results in an Arg to Cys replacement. Two other nucleotide substitutions in this codon, R86L and R86H, have been reported previously, both giving rise to typical WAS symptoms, indicating a mutational hot spot in this codon. The finding of mutations in the WASP gene in both WAS and XLT gives further evidence of these syndromes being allelic. The relatively small size of the WASP gene facilitates the detection of mutations and a reliable diagnosis of both carriers and affected fetuses in families with WAS or XLT.

Challenges to immigrant associations and NGOs in contemporary Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos G. Papadopoulos ◽  
Christos Chalkias ◽  
Loukia-Maria Fratsea
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Concentration Patterns

The paper explores the challenges faced today, in a context of severe economic crisis, by immigrant associations (ΙΜΑs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Greece. The data analysed here was collected between October 2009 and February 2010 and incorporates references to all recorded migration-related social actors operating in Greece. The paper takes into account such indicators as legal form, objectives, financial capacity and geographical range of activity, concluding with a typology of civil society actors dealing with migration issues. This study aims at informing the migration policymaking and migrant integration processes. By a spatial hot-spot clustering of IMAs and NGOs, we also illustrate the concentration patterns of civil society actors in Greece.

Sun Load Analysis and Testing on Automotive Front Lighting Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Emre Öztürk ◽  
Mehmet Aktaş ◽  
Tunç Şenyüz
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Automotive Lighting ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Load Simulation

The purpose of this research is to reach good correlation between sun load simulation and solar focusing test for exterior automotive lighting products. Light coming from sun is highly collimated (parallel rays) and focusable from lenses with concave structure. Focusing incidence leads to a hot spot on lens surrounding plastic parts which may cause melting failures at high temperature zones. Sun load simulation is performing to eliminate risk of discoloration, deformation, out gassing, coating failures and fire with prolonged exposure from field. Irradiance values in W/m2 defined in simulation as heat source depending of an angle of incidence of the sun radiation. At first step, simulation is performing with 5 degree intervals to define the critical zones then intervals decreased to 2 degree to detect the critical azimuth and inclination angles. Critical azimuth and inclination angles is checking with ray trace analysis to check the bouncing of sun rays and possible solution to eliminate focuses with design solutions. After numerical analysis to release and validate the automotive lighting products regarding the sun load test, measurement with first parts is necessary. Measurement is performing for all critical angles which have been detected at simulation with thermal camera under ultra high-collimation solar simulator. Measured temperatures are settled according to environment conditions and correlation is checking with simulations.

Accurate Systematic Hot-Spot Scoring Method and Score-Based Fixing Guidance Generation

2009 ◽  
Vol E92.A (12) ◽  
pp. 3082-3085
Author(s):  
Yonghee PARK ◽  
Junghoe CHOI ◽  
Jisuk HONG ◽  
Sanghoon LEE ◽  
Moonhyun YOO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Scoring Method

Spatial Hotspot Analysis of Bucharest’s Urban Heat Island (UHI) Using Modis Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Grigoraș ◽  
Bogdan Urițescu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of the study is to find the relationship between the land surface temperature and air temperature and to determine the hot spots in the urban area of Bucharest, the capital of Romania. The analysis was based on images from both moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), located on both Terra and Aqua platforms, as well as on data recorded by the four automatic weather stations existing in the endowment of The National Air Quality Monitoring Network, from the summer of 2017. Correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and air temperature were higher at night (0.8-0.87) and slightly lower during the day (0.71-0.77). After the validation of satellite data with in-situ temperature measurements, the hot spots in the metropolitan area of Bucharest were identified using Getis-Ord spatial statistics analysis. It has been achieved that the “very hot” areas are grouped in the center of the city and along the main traffic streets and dense residential areas. During the day the "very hot spots” represent 33.2% of the city's surface, and during the night 31.6%. The area where the mentioned spots persist, falls into the "very hot spot" category both day and night, it represents 27.1% of the city’s surface and it is mainly represented by the city center.

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