Sun Load Analysis and Testing on Automotive Front Lighting Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Emre Öztürk ◽  
Mehmet Aktaş ◽  
Tunç Şenyüz
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Automotive Lighting ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Load Simulation

The purpose of this research is to reach good correlation between sun load simulation and solar focusing test for exterior automotive lighting products. Light coming from sun is highly collimated (parallel rays) and focusable from lenses with concave structure. Focusing incidence leads to a hot spot on lens surrounding plastic parts which may cause melting failures at high temperature zones. Sun load simulation is performing to eliminate risk of discoloration, deformation, out gassing, coating failures and fire with prolonged exposure from field. Irradiance values in W/m2 defined in simulation as heat source depending of an angle of incidence of the sun radiation. At first step, simulation is performing with 5 degree intervals to define the critical zones then intervals decreased to 2 degree to detect the critical azimuth and inclination angles. Critical azimuth and inclination angles is checking with ray trace analysis to check the bouncing of sun rays and possible solution to eliminate focuses with design solutions. After numerical analysis to release and validate the automotive lighting products regarding the sun load test, measurement with first parts is necessary. Measurement is performing for all critical angles which have been detected at simulation with thermal camera under ultra high-collimation solar simulator. Measured temperatures are settled according to environment conditions and correlation is checking with simulations.

scholarly journals Solar Tracker

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Irfan Danial Hashim ◽  
Ammar Asyraf Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Arief Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Solar Tracker The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts delivered by solar panel. Conventional solar panel, fixed with a certain angle, limits their area of exposure from the sun due to rotation of the earth. Output of the solar cells depends on the intensity of the sun and the angle of incidence. To solve this problem, an automatic solar cell is needed, where the Solar Tracker will track the motion of the sun across the sky to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. By using Light Dependent Resistors, it will navigate the solar panel to get the best angle of exposure of light from the sun.

Direct Numerical Simulation of Effects of Small Angle of Incidence on Honji Instability

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Hongwei An ◽  
Ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulation ◽  
Oscillatory Flow ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Small Incidence ◽  
Inclination Angles

This paper concerns Honji instability generated around a circular cylinder in an oscillatory flow with a small oblique angle. In this study, direct numerical simulation has been conducted for an oscillatory flow past a stationary cylinder with small incidence angles (α) of 5° and 10° at KC number of 2 and β number of 200. The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the Petrov-Galerkin finite element method. Flow structures around the cylinder are visualized through using streamlines, velocity vectors and vorticity contours. Honji instability has been captured at both chosen inclination angles. However Honji vortex pairs are asymmetric at α = 5° and 10° due to the inclination of the oscillation direction and can only be observed during the flow reversal. It is also found that the flow inclination appears to suppress the three-dimensional instability.

Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: Public Health Concerns

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. S8-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Rivers ◽  
Beatrice Wang ◽  
Danielle Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

The North American public maintains an attitude that equates the acquisition of a suntan with health. However, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can lead to sunburn, premature skin aging, immunosuppression, and skin cancer. Misconceptions about the risks of tanning beds and the effectiveness of sunscreens are common. The public must be better informed about the importance of and the need for effective sun protection by means of clothing and hats, the proper use of sunscreen, and the avoidance of prolonged sun exposure during the time of maximal solar insolation.

Numerical Modeling of Solar Radiation Heat Transfer for a Truck Cabin

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 742-747
Author(s):  
S. Senthilkumar ◽  
K. Ramkumar ◽  
M. Velshankar ◽  
S. Karthikeyan ◽  
D. Parthipan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Materials Used

The temperature inside the vehicle cabin will be higher than the outside environment temperature in parked conditions due to radiative effects. This increased temperature is not uniformly spread within the driver cabin due to absorption capacities of the various materials used for construction and the angle of incidence of the incoming radiation. The objective of the work is to predict the accumulation of heat inside the cabin numerically and find hotspots throughout the cabin. The path of the sun in different seasons and timings on a particular location was calculated and is implemented for the angle of incidence of radiation on the cabin. The investigation provides the variations of temperature, transmitted solar radiation and amount of absorption by various components that are subjected to assessment. Thus the major contributing factor for the abrupt increase in temperature was found.

scholarly journals Computer simulation of the load test of an extrusion blow moulded product

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Michał Modławski ◽  
Jacek Nabiałek ◽  
Tomasz Jaruga
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Blow Moulding ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Uniform Wall ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Load Simulation ◽  
Pressure Factor

The results of compression "top load" test of an extrusion blow moulded container, performed in ANSYS Mechanical software, were presented. The non-uniform wall thickness of the blown product was considered because the thickness distribution was the result of the first step of the simulation in ANSYS Polyflow - the simulation of the product manufacturing by extrusion blow moulding. The hydrostatic pressure factor was taken into account during the "top load" simulation, because such a test is usually done for filled products. It was found that the biggest stress values occur around the inlet as well as in the side walls of the container.

scholarly journals Optimal Tilt and Orientation Angles in Fixed Flat Surfaces to Maximize the Capture of Solar Insolation: A Case Study in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4546
Author(s):  
Xavier Serrano-Guerrero ◽  
Eduardo Cantos ◽  
Juan-Javier Feijoo ◽  
Antonio Barragán-Escandón ◽  
Jean-Michel Clairand
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Pv Generation

Due to the increasing attention of PV generation, and to the uncertainty of the real PV electrical power output, power system are facing planning challenges. Hence, this case report proposes a computer application that determines the optimal tilt and orientation angles of flat surfaces to maximize solar insolation capture based on existing mathematical models. The study uses data from different meteorological variables measured and estimated through a typical year from the most populated Ecuador cities. The computer application considers the global, diffuse, direct, reflected radiation, and the angle of incidence of the sun. This analysis reveals the angle of inclination and orientation where the highest percentage of insolation is obtained in Ecuador’s main cities. The results suggest that, in Ecuador, flat solar capture surfaces can be oriented between 20° and 60° concerning north, and with tilt angles between 12° and 19°. This contrasts with the literature, which recommends an orientation to the equator and an inclination equal to the location’s latitude.

scholarly journals Effects of prolonged exposure to the sun on body water turnover and volume of the blood in swamp Buffaloes

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chaiyabutr ◽  
C. Buranakarl ◽  
P. Loypetjra ◽  
S. Chanpongsang
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes

scholarly journals Study on the Cooling Effect of Attached Fins on PV Using CFD Simulation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaemin Kim ◽  
Yujin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Simulation Results

The issue of efficiency decrease according to temperature increase is a pending problem in the PV market. Several active and passive technologies have been suggested but few quantitative studies on the estimation of the cooling effect have been carried out. In this study, a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation model was developed to analyze a passive cooling technology using fins attached to the back of the PV module. Furthermore, a method to improve airflow at the back of the PV module by forming slits in the frame was analyzed. The simulation model reproduced the indoor test that uses a solar simulator and the cooling performance was analyzed according to the shape of the fins and the presence of slits. In the simulation results, the surface temperature and expected electrical efficiency without cooling were 62.78 °C and 13.24% respectively under nominal operating cell temperature conditions. Moreover, the temperature reduced by approximately 15.13 °C because the fins attached at the bottom of the PV module increased the heat transfer area with airflow. Thus, the electrical efficiency according to the PV module temperature was predicted as 14.39%. Furthermore, when slits were installed between the fins, they increased the airflow velocity and accelerated the formation of turbulence, thereby improving the cooling performance of the fins. The simulation results showed that the temperature could be further reduced by approximately 8.62 °C at a lower air velocity. As the fins and slits can also reduce the non-uniformity of the temperature, they are expected to supplement the efficiency and durability reduction of the PV modules caused by the hot spot phenomenon. In addition, it was shown that slits in the frame could further improve the cooling performance of the fins at a low-velocity airflow.

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