scholarly journals Efficacy of the Microbial Larvicide VectoMax<sup>®</sup>G against <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s.l. and <i>Culex</i> spp. Larvae under Laboratory and Open Field Trial Experiments in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Kopya Edmond ◽  
Foko Dadji Gisele Aurelie ◽  
Sonhafouo-Chiana Nadège ◽  
Bamou Roland ◽  
Djamouko-Djonkam Landre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
The City

scholarly journals NATURAL DURABILITY OF Cupressus lusitanica, Cryptomeria japonica AND Pinus taeda WOODS IN FIELD TRIAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Magnos Alan Vivian ◽  
Gláucia Cota Nunes ◽  
Mário Dobner Jr. ◽  
Karina Soares Modes ◽  
Évelyn Janaina Grosskopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural durability of Cupressus lusitanica, Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus taeda woods subjected to a rotting field trial, through mass loss and deterioration index. The trial was conducted in an open field in the city of Curitibanos, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for a 24-month period, with evaluations carried out every 6 months. For developing the study, we used the woods of Cupressus lusitanica (16 years), Cryptomeria japonica (16 years) and Pinus taeda (juvenile=15 years and mature wood>30 years) species, from which test specimens were made with the dimensions of 2.5 x 5.0 x 50.0 cm in thickness, width and length, respectively, following the standards suggested by IUFRO. After 24 months of exposure to the rotting field the woods of C. japonica and C. lusitanica species showed a deterioration index that reflected an evident but moderate attack of fungi and termites, while the woods of P. taeda (juvenile) and P. taeda (mature) showed deterioration index that reflected an intense rotting and intense attack of termites. Regarding the mass loss the woods of C. japonica and C. lusitanica were classified as highly resistant, while P. taeda (juvenile) was considered resistant and P. taeda (mature) was considered moderately resistant. In general, the woods of C. lusitanica and C. japonica showed greater natural durability when used in contact with the soil.

scholarly journals Pyrethroid and Etofenprox Resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii from Vegetable Farms in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Dynamics, Intensity and Molecular Basis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5543
Author(s):  
Michael Piameu ◽  
Philippe Nwane ◽  
Wilson Toussile ◽  
Konstantinos Mavridis ◽  
Nadja Christina Wipf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

Previous studies have indicated widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations from Cameroon. However, the intensity of this resistance and underlying mechanisms are poorly known. Therefore, we conducted three cross-sectional resistance surveys between April 2018 and October 2019, using the revised World Health Organization protocol, which includes resistance incidences and intensity assessments. Field-collected Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Nkolondom, Nkolbisson and Ekié vegetable farms in the city of Yaoundé were tested with deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and etofenprox, using 1× insecticide diagnostic concentrations for resistance incidence, then 5× and 10× concentrations for resistance intensity. Subsamples were analyzed for species identification and the detection of resistance-associated molecular markers using TaqMan® qPCR assays. In Nkolbisson, both An. coluzzii (96%) and An. gambiae s.s. (4%) were found together, whereas only An. gambiae s.s. was present in Nkolondom, and only An. coluzzii was present in Ekié. All three populations were resistant to the four insecticides (<75% mortality rates―MR1×), with intensity generally fluctuating over the time between mod-erate (<98%―MR5×; ≥98%―MR10×) and high (76–97%―MR10×). The kdr L995F, L995S, and N1570Y, and the Ace-1 G280S-resistant alleles were found in An. gambiae from Nkolondom, at 73%, 1%, 16% and 13% frequencies, respectively, whereas only the kdr L995F was found in An. gambiae s.s. from Nkolbisson at a 50% frequency. In An. coluzzii from Nkolbisson and Ekié, we detected only the kdr L995F allele at 65% and 60% frequencies, respectively. Furthermore, expression levels of Cyp6m2, Cyp9k1, and Gste2 metabolic genes were highly upregulated (over fivefold) in Nkolondom and Nkolbisson. Pyrethroid and etofenprox-based vector control interventions may be jeopardized in the prospected areas, due to high resistance intensity, with multiple mechanisms in An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii.

scholarly journals PERGESERAN MAKNA FILOSOFIS ALUN-ALUN KOTA BANDUNG PADA ABAD XIX – ABAD XXI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Miftahul Falah ◽  
Agusmanon Yuniadi ◽  
Rina Adyawardhina
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Sebagai kota yang dibangun dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kosmologis, alun-alun merupakan salah satu elemen pembentuk Kota Bandung sejak menjadi pusat pemerintahan Kabupaten Bandung pada 25 September 1810. Alun-alun Kota Bandung mengalami perubahan fungsi, dari titik batas ruang profan dan ruang sakral menjadi ruang terbuka publik sehingga makna filosofisnya mengalami pergeseran. Untuk memahami perubahan tersebut secara kronologis, dilakukan penelitian historis dengan menerapkan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perkembangannya, warga Kota Bandung tidak lagi memandang alun-alun sebagai salah satu elemen penyeimbang antara makrokosmos dan mikrokosmos, melainkan sebagai ruang terbuka publik tempat bersosialisasi seluruh warga kota. Fungsi Alun-alun Kota Bandung menunjukkan perubahan, dari sebuah lapangan terbuka dengan fungsi administratif kota tradisional hingga menjadi sebuah taman kota yang menjadi destinasi wisata di pusat kota sehingga memperlihatkan fungsi sosial-ekonomi.As a city that was built which takes the cosmological aspect into consideration, the square is one of the elements that formed the city of Bandung since becoming the capital of Bandung Regency on September 25, 1810. Its changing functions, which were traditionally perceived as a boundary of profane and sacred space into modern public open space, reflected a shifting in philosophical meaning. To understand the changes chronologically, this paper uses historical method which consists of four stages, namely, heuristics, critique, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that gradually the citizens of Bandung no longer look at the city square as one of the elements of the balance between the macrocosm and microcosm, but rather as a place for community gatherings. Its function changes from an open field with the administrative role of the traditional city into a city park that became a tourist destination in the city centre with socio-economic functions.

scholarly journals A cidade-santuário de Fátima: percepções do território religioso por meio da análise de mapas mentais

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Camila Benatti
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Sacred Heart ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City

ResumoNo ano de 1917, a manifestação de um fenômeno religioso em Fátima (Portugal) acabou por gerar transformações profundas em sua paisagem. A partir da crença neste acontecimento, nasce num descampado um dos maiores centros de peregrinação mundial, o Santuário de Fátima. Abordando os fenômenos religiosos sob a perspectiva geográfica, este artigo tem como principal intuito analisar e compreender as percepções dos alunos do Colégio do Sagrado Coração de Maria da cidade de Fátima em relação à cidade e ao respectivo território religioso. Como proposta de análise remeteu-se a métodos qualitativos através da elaboração de mapas mentais. A partir desta análise foi possível identificar que embora haja a carência de alguns espaços e infraestruturas direcionados às necessidades dos residentes locais, estes revelam um forte sentimento de pertença em relação ao território em estudo. Este envolvimento é refletido no reconhecimento por parte destes jovens do valor simbólico e patrimonial da cidade de Fátima enquanto lugar sagrado e religioso.Palavras-chave: Santuário de Fátima; Lugar sagrado; Percepção do espaço; Mapas mentais. AbstractIn the year of 1917, the manifestation of a religious phenomenon took place in Fatima, which turned out to engender profound changes in its landscape. From the belief in this event emerged in an open field the Sanctuary of Fatima, one of the largest world centers of pilgrimage. Approaching the religious phenomena from a geographical perspective, this research has the main purpose of understand and analyze the perceptions of the students of the College of the Sacred Heart of Mary of the city of Fatima in relation to the city and its religious territory. As proposed analysis referred to qualitative methods through the development of mental maps. From this analysis we found that although there is a shortage of some spaces and infrastructure targeted to the needs of local residents, they reveal a strong sense of belonging towards the area under study. This involvement is reflected in the recognition on the part of these young people the symbolic and heritage value of the city of Fatima as religious and sacred place.Key words: Sanctuary of Fatima; Sacred place; Perception of space; Mental maps. ResumenEn 1917 , la manifestación de un fenómeno religioso en Fátima (Portugal ) ha generado profundos cambios en su paisaje. De la creencia en este evento , que nace en un campo uno de los mayores centros mundiales de peregrinación, el Santuario de Fátima. Dirigiéndose el fenómeno religioso desde el punto de vista geográfico, este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar y comprender las percepciones de los estudiantes del Colegio del Sagrado Corazón de María de Fátima en relación con la ciudad y su territorio religioso. Como propuesta de análisis hace utilizado métodos cualitativos a través de la elaboración de mapas mentales. A partir de este análisis fue posible identificar que a pesar de que hay una escasez de algunos espacios e infraestructuras orientados a las necesidades de los residentes locales, estos revelan un fuerte sentido de pertenencia hacia la zona de estudio. Este compromiso se refleja en el reconocimiento por parte de estos jóvenes del valor simbólico de Fátima como un lugar religioso y sagrado.Palabras-Claves: Santuario de Fátima; Lugar sagrado; Percepciones del espacio; Mapas mentales.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderately-Reduced Water Supply and Picking Time on the Chemical Composition of Pickling Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Open Field Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Christine Schlering ◽  
Ralf Schweiggert ◽  
Helmut Dietrich ◽  
Matthias Frisch ◽  
Jana Zinkernagel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Reduced Water

As climate change evokes changing precipitation patterns, the cultivation of vegetable crops in open fields might become more difficult in the future. Nowadays, many vegetable growers are already facing relatively long unprecedented precipitation-free periods. In many growing regions, irrigation is only available to a limited extent or not at all, and the cultivated plants will suffer from moderate water stress more often. Therefore, we examined the effects of moderately-reduced water supply on the chemical composition of pickling cucumber, cultivated in an open field and in a separate greenhouse trial. In the field trial, the reduced water supply treatment (RWS) provided 85–90% of the total water amount of the well-watered control treatment (CTR), applying a randomized block design with six replications comprising two consecutive weekly harvest periods. In fruits obtained by cultivation with reduced irrigation, levels of malic acid, calcium, and magnesium significantly increased, while those of phosphate, phosphorous, nitrogen, and iron decreased based on dry matter. Fresh matter-related results additionally revealed a decrease of myo-inositol and zinc, while sugars and total phenols remained unchanged. In the greenhouse experiment, the RWS obtained 60% of the irrigation amount of the CTR. Here, single cucumber compartments (exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp) were examined. Chemical compositions changed in a similar, but more pronounced, manner as compared to the open field trial. The levels of individual, nutritionally relevant carotenoids in the peel of pickling cucumber, like lutein and β-carotene, were affected by RWS. Regarding the nutritional quality of fresh marketable cucumber fruits, malic acid, certain minerals and trace elements, as well as the carotenoids were shown to be sensitive to moderate water reduction.

scholarly journals Spatio-seasonal distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and dynamics of the Voltage gate sodium channel knock down resistance mutation (Vgsc1014F) in the city of Lomé, Togo

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Koffi Mensah Ahadji-Dabla ◽  
Carine Ngoagouni ◽  
B. Dominic Dery ◽  
Yawo Georges Apétogbo ◽  
Guillaume Koffivi Ketoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
The City ◽  
Voltage Gate

Open Field Trial of Genetically Modified Parthenocarpic Tomato

2011 ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rotino ◽  
Nazareno Acciarri ◽  
Emidio Sabatini ◽  
Giuseppe Mennella ◽  
Roberto Lo Scalzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Genetically Modified

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato larvae in the urban environment of Yaoundé, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Landre Djamouko-Djonkam ◽  
Souleman Mounchili-Ndam ◽  
Nelly Kala-Chouakeu ◽  
Stella Mariette Nana-Ndjangwo ◽  
Edmond Kopya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Anopheline Larvae ◽  
The City

Abstract Background The rapid and unplanned urbanization of African cities is considered to increase the risk of urban malaria transmission. The present study objective was to assess factors influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods All water bodies were checked once every 2 months for the presence of mosquito larvae from March 2017 to May 2018 in 32 districts of Yaoundé. Physico-chemical characteristics including the size, depth, turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, sulfates, organophosphates, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conductivity, iron and calcium were recorded and analyzed according to anopheline larvae presence or absence. High resolution satellite images from landsat sentinel Enhanced Thematic Mapper were used for spatial mapping of both field and environmental variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify variables closely associated with anopheline larvae distribution. Results A total of 18 696 aquatic habitats were checked and only 2942 sites (15.7%) contained anopheline larvae. A high number of sites with anopheline larvae (≥ 69%) presented late instar larvae (L3, L4 and pupae). Anopheline mosquito larvae were sampled from a variety of breeding sites including puddles (51.6%), tire prints (12.9%), wells (11.7%) and drains (11.3%). Bivariate logistic regression analyses associated anopheline larvae presence with the absence of predators, absence of algae, absence of vegetation and depth of less than 1 m. Conductivity, turbidity, organophosphates, H2O2 and temperature were significantly high in breeding sites with anopheline larvae than in breeding sites without these larvae (P <  0.1). Anopheline species collected included An. coluzzii (91.1%) and An. gambiae s.s. (8.9%). GIS mapping indicated a heterogeneous distribution of anopheline breeding habitats in the city of Yaoundé. Land cover analysis indicated high variability of the city of Yaoundé’s landscape. Conclusions The data confirms adaptation of An. gambiae s.l. to the urban domain in the city of Yaoundé and calls for urgent actions to improve malaria vector control.

Use of itraconazole and either lime sulphur or Malaseb Concentrate Rinse® to treat shelter cats naturally infected with Microsporum canis: an open field trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Newbury ◽  
Karen A. Moriello ◽  
Kenneth W. Kwochka ◽  
Maria Verbrugge ◽  
Chester Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Lime Sulphur
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document