Environmental Monitoring of Ambient Outdoor, Indoor Air Quality Pollutants, PM 10 and PM 2.5 Conducted to Evaluate Its Impact Analysis and Quantification in Industrial Area of Dammam, KSA

The response characteristics of fire detectors and indoor air quality measurement factors were studied according to the UL 268 cooking nuisance test. The response characteristics of the fire detector were confirmed through the U.S. UL 268 cooking nuisance test, newly introduced in 2020; the smoke concentration in the test was found to be a maximum of 7.8 %/m. The response characteristics of the indoor air quality measurement factors matched to the smoke detector's concentration in the nonoperation test (5 %/m), type 1 smoke detector's concentration in the operation test (7.5 %/m), and maximum smoke concentration (7.8 %/m) measured in the test were analyzed to derive factors applicable to avoiding unwanted fire alarms. In this test, the variation was confirmed at PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10 of the fine dust sensor, for NO and SO<sub>2</sub> for the combustion gas analyzer, and for CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO for the gas analyzer. In particular, the most-adaptable factors measured in this experiment were PM 2.5 and PM 10, which can be utilized as unwanted-alarm factors.

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Indoor Air Quality Evaluation of Commercial Buildings In Kuantan

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822505018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 05018

Author(s):

Noor Huwaida Yahaya ◽

Ftwi Yohaness Hagos ◽

Mohamad Firdaus Basrawi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Quality Evaluation ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Health And Illness ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Pm 10 ◽

Respirable Particulate

This work focuses on indoor air quality evaluation of commercial buildings in Kuantan. Some buildings have been selected to monitor indoor air quality. The research has been carried out only in Kuantan, which focused on hotels and government buildings. Some sample measurements were taken which include air temperature, relative humidity, and air movement, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), respirable particulate matter (PM 10), formaldehyde and total volatile organic compound (TVOC). In addition, questionnaires were conducted on a number of workers in each building to determine the level of health and illness caused by air in the building where they work. Hence, this study has analyzed the link between the questioner results and the results of indoor air measurements that were carried out. From surveys, it appears there are four buildings that have low air flow, four buildings have a lot of dust and five buildings have a high temperature. In contrast, four buildings have a good indoor air quality.

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Design and Implementation of an Air Quality Testing System Based on STC12C5A

International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing ◽

10.46300/9106.2021.15.110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 1025-1032

Author(s):

Fenglong Wu ◽

Fangmei Liu ◽

Yuan Feng ◽

Zengyu Cai

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Home Environment ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Detection System ◽

Testing System ◽

Pm 2.5 ◽

Quality Detection ◽

Microcontroller Unit

Indoor air quality and human health have proven to be related, but for home environment air quality detection system equipment accuracy is not high problem. This paper designs an air quality detection system that effectively handles the information of indoor air pollution. The microcontroller unit (MCU) STC12C5A was taken as the core to realize the detection and display of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 concentration, temperature, and humidity. Compared with the measurements by standard instruments, our system was proved effective through tests: the relative error of PM2.5 concentration was smaller than 3μg/m3; the temperature error was within 1℃; the humidity error was below 5% relative humidity (RH). This research provides an effective way to detect indoor air quality. The results of this paper are suitable for home environment and have a good application prospect.

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Comparative study on indoor air quality variation while burning different firewood species in Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34150/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anu Dahal ◽

Indira Parajuli

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Pm 2.5 ◽

Abies Spectabilis

Abstract Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) from smoky cooking fires causes deaths over 22,800 per year being the fourth leading cause of death in Nepal. The study aims to compare the pollution level particularly Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) in different firewood species. Two households one with ICS and TCS is selected purposively to monitor the concentration of pollutants in Ward no. 3 of Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal. IAP Meter based on Laser Sensor principle is used to monitor real time concentration of PM 2.5 and CO. 24 hours mean concentration of PM 2.5 and 8 hours mean average concentrations of CO are found to be above the WHO and National Indoor Air Quality Guidelines i.e. For ICS using household the concentration is found to be 155.26 µg/m 3 and 9 ppm respectively and household using TCS is found to be 385.12 µg/m 3 and 12.2 ppm). Both pollutants’ concentration is found less in Abies Spectabilis than other species. Positive correlation is found in both households along with moisture content, amount of firewood used, etc. This result suggests the use of Abies Spectabilis as it emits less emission as compared to other species as it has less moisture content that reduces the concentration of air pollution. Keywords : Carbon Monoxide 1 , Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) 2 , Indoor Air Pollution 3

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Review of IAQ in Premises Equipped with Façade–Ventilation Systems

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Ewa Zender-Świercz

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Legal Regulations ◽

Work Efficiency ◽

Existing Buildings ◽

Outdoor Temperature ◽

Tracer Gas ◽

Pm 2.5 ◽

Passive Houses

Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It reduces the effectiveness of learning and work efficiency. Among many pollutants, PM 2.5 and 10 dusts are extremely important. They can be eliminated using mechanical ventilation equipped with filters. Façade ventilation devices are used as a way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in existing buildings. For their analysis, researchers used carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. They have shown that façade ventilation devices are an effective way to improve IAQ, but require further analysis due to the sensitivity of façade ventilation devices to the effects of wind and outdoor temperature. In addition, legal regulations in some countries require verification in order to enable the use of this type of solution as a way to improve IAQ in an era characterised by the effort to transform buildings into passive houses (standard for energy efficiency in a building).

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Five Year Trends of Particulate Matter Concentrations in Korean Regions (2015–2019): When to Ventilate?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5764

Author(s):

Dohyeong Kim ◽

Hee-Eun Choi ◽

Won-Mo Gal ◽

SungChul Seo

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Effective Means ◽

The Elderly ◽

Metropolitan Cities ◽

Pm 10 ◽

Evidence Based Guidelines

Indoor air quality becomes more critical as people stay indoors longer, particularly children and the elderly who are vulnerable to air pollution. Natural ventilation has been recognized as the most economical and effective means of improving indoor air quality, but its benefit is questionable when the external air quality is unacceptable. Such risk-risk tradeoffs would require evidence-based guidelines for households and policymakers, but there is a lack of research that examines spatiotemporal long-term air quality trends, leaving us unclear on when to ventilate. This study aims to suggest the appropriate time for ventilation by analyzing the hourly and quarterly concentrations of particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 in seven metropolitan cities and Jeju island in South Korea from January 2015 to September 2019. Both areas’ PM levels decreased until 2018 and rebounded in 2019 but are consistently higher in spring and winter. Overall, the average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 peaked in the morning, declined in the afternoon, and rebounded in the evening, but the second peak was more pronounced for PM2.5. This study may suggest ventilation in the afternoon (2–6pm) instead of the morning or late evening, but substantial differences across the regions by season encourage intervention strategies tailored to regional characteristics.

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Fusion of environmental monitoring components and gardening modules for manipulating indoor air quality

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/609/4/042068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 609 ◽

pp. 042068

Author(s):

J C Chen ◽

Y J Lin ◽

Z L Yang ◽

C C Yu

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air

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Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9204306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (20) ◽

pp. 4306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yu-Chuan Yen ◽

Chun-Yuh Yang ◽

Kristina Mena ◽

Yu-Ting Cheng ◽

Pei-Shih Chen

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Dispersion Modeling ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Window Opening

High concentrations of air pollutants and increased morbidity and mortality rates are found in industrial areas, especially for the susceptible group, children; however, most studies use atmospheric dispersion modeling to estimate household air pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the indoor air quality, e.g., CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, O3, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and their influence factors in children’s homes in an industrial city. Children in the “general school”, “traffic school”, and “industrial school” were randomly and proportionally selected. Air pollutants were sampled for 24 h in the living rooms and on the balcony of their houses and questionnaires of time–microenvironment–activity-diary were recorded. The indoor CO concentration of the traffic area was significantly higher than that of the industrial area and the general area. In regard to the effects of window opening, household NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations during window opening periods were significantly higher than of the reference periods. For the influence of cooking, indoor CO2, NO2, and PM2.5 levels during the cooking periods were significantly higher than that of the reference periods. The indoor air quality of children in industrial cities were affected by residential areas and household activities.

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